Hasil untuk "Economic theory. Demography"

M. Hout

S. Lee, K. Pomeranz

G. Becker

J. Henrich, R. Boyd, S. Bowles et al.

S. Frank

This is a treatment of one of the central problems in evolutionary biology, the evolution of social co-operation and conflict. Steven Frank tackles the problem with a combination of approaches: game theory, classical models of natural selection, quantitative genetics, and kin selection. He unites these with economic thought: a theory of model formation and comparative statics, the development of simple methods for analyzing complex problems, and notions of information and rationality. The text begins by developing the three measures of value used in biology - marginal value, reproductive value, and kin selection. It then combines these measures into a coherent framework, providing a unified analysis of social evolution in its full ecological and demographic context. Frank also extends the theory of kin selection by showing that relatedness has two distinct meanings. The first is a measure of information about social partners, with close affinity to theories of correlated equilibrium and Bayesian rationality in economic game theory. The second is a measure of the fidelity by which characters are transmitted to future generations - an extended notion of heritability. Throughout, Fran

Fabian Dembski, U. Wössner, Mike Letzgus et al.

Cities are complex systems connected to economic, ecological, and demographic conditions and change. They are also characterized by diverging perceptions and interests of citizens and stakeholders. Thus, in the arena of urban planning, we are in need of approaches that are able to cope not only with urban complexity but also allow for participatory and collaborative processes to empower citizens. This to create democratic cities. Connected to the field of smart cities and citizens, we present in this paper, the prototype of an urban digital twin for the 30,000-people town of Herrenberg in Germany. Urban digital twins are sophisticated data models allowing for collaborative processes. The herein presented prototype comprises (1) a 3D model of the built environment, (2) a street network model using the theory and method of space syntax, (3) an urban mobility simulation, (4) a wind flow simulation, and (5) a number of empirical quantitative and qualitative data using volunteered geographic information (VGI). In addition, the urban digital twin was implemented in a visualization platform for virtual reality and was presented to the general public during diverse public participatory processes, as well as in the framework of the “Morgenstadt Werkstatt” (Tomorrow’s Cities Workshop). The results of a survey indicated that this method and technology could significantly aid in participatory and collaborative processes. Further understanding of how urban digital twins support urban planners, urban designers, and the general public as a collaboration and communication tool and for decision support allows us to be more intentional when creating smart cities and sustainable cities with the help of digital twins. We conclude the paper with a discussion of the presented results and further research directions.

Julija Mosina, Grigorij Žilinskij

Pairs trading has been a successful tool for traders since its inception in the 1980s and has evolved significantly with the introduction of algorithmic, machine, and AI trading. This evolution has compli­cated the implementation of this strategy that traditionally benefits institutional or specialized investors. Despite this, the simplicity of pairs trading remains accessible, indicating potential benefits for ordinary traders. By focusing on the strategy’s fundamental principles and employing a real-time market test on a popular trading platform, the study aims to reveal its applicability and efficacy for short-term equity trading. Utilizing basic trading platform tools and Excel functions, the research aims to demonstrate a simplified approach to pairs trading. The findings will provide insights into the strategy’s effectiveness, providing non-expert traders with a viable approach to navigate today’s volatile markets through a simplified yet effective pairs trading model. The experiment’s findings highlight varying performances across different stock pairs, with notable differences in volatility. While five out of 11 pairs achieved positive returns, only two met the closure criteria within the short-term horizon, suggesting that a longer trading period and a more diversified pair’s portfolio may be necessary to fully capture expected price convergence.

Сергій Гарапко

Стаття розкриває актуальну проблему оцінювання стану й рівня економічної безпеки страхового ринку України в умовах воєнних викликів. Проаналізовано основні показники функціонування страховиків з позицій впливу на рівень економічної безпеки та ідентифікації існуючих загроз. На основі використання індексів Герфінадаля-Гіршмана, Тідемана-Хола, Розенблюта доведено, що страховий ринок залишається помірно концентрованим з низьким рівнем монополізації, проте загрозливою є ситуація високої концентрації на ринку страхування життя та його монополізації. Представлено аналітичні дослідження та авторські узагальнення щодо екзистенційних ризиків в умовах війни. Акцентовано, що одним із викликів сучасності є необхідність швидкого впровадження міжнародних принципів нагляду як основи забезпечення економічної безпеки страхового ринку в умовах війни.

Hugo Spring-Ragain

Traditional economic growth theories, grounded in deterministic and often linear frameworks, fail to adequately capture the inherent uncertainty, non-commutativity, and complex interdependencies of modern economies. This paper proposes a novel approach by transposing fundamental concepts of quantum mechanics-such as superposition, operator algebra, and path integrals-into the realm of macroeconomic modeling. Within this quantum framework, core economic variables (capital, labor, and technological progress) are redefined as non-commuting operators acting on Hilbert spaces, and the state of the economy is represented as a dynamic wave function governed by a time-dependent Hamiltonian. The evolution of this economic wave function follows a generalized Schr{ö}dinger equation, developed here through Dyson series and Magnus expansions. We also define a quantum production function as the expected value of a composite operator, capturing the probabilistic nature of economic output. By integrating uncertainty relations analogous to Heisenberg's principle, and modeling economic fluctuations via Langevin dynamics, we extend the model to include dissipation, feedback loops, and non-linear interactions between variables. Finally, a Feynman path integral formalism is constructed to provide an alternative trajectory-based interpretation of economic dynamics. This quantum-inspired framework offers a rigorous and flexible methodology to rethink macroeconomic modeling under radical uncertainty, with potential applications in dynamic policy simulations and innovation-driven growth.

Sidharth Gat

Many economic theories have been introduced over the course of history to articulate our understanding of the economy. Classical theories by Adam Smith and David Ricardo's Comparative Advantage have been foundational for the last century's work. Improvements have been achieved over time, incorporating insights from many disparate fields of study: contemporary frameworks like Behavioural Economics and Information Economics, which incorporate psychological insights and deviation from rational decision-making and insights from network theory and how the information flow affects the market behaviour, respectively. In this paper, I motivate the necessity of incorporating insights from Physics, and also show that trade as a phenomenon described by the comparative advantage theory cannot exist without the law of conservation of Energy, and incorporating this law leads to axiomatic completeness of the theory. Further, I also argue that while the economy is not a zero-sum game in terms of wealth, it does require at least one associated zero-sum parameter for trade and economy as phenomena to exist.

James A. Piazza

Олег Микитин

Стаття присвячена дослідженню сучасних особливостей діагностування як ключового елементу системи управління (менеджменту) експортно-імпортною діяльністю підприємств в умовах турбулентності. Проведено огляд літератури для системного трактування понять «турбулентність», «діагностування експортно-імпортної діяльності». В статті охарактеризовано ключові аспекти діагностування як елементу системи управління експортно-імпортною діяльністю підприємств в умовах турбулентності. На основі огляду, аналізування, літературних джерел, систематизування наукових здобутків за проблемою діагностування експортно-імпортної діяльності підприємств (як елементу системи менеджменту) в умовах турбулентності запропоновано схему поетапного процесу діагностування експортно-імпортною діяльністю підприємств в умовах турбулентності.

Jonghyun Kim, Donghyeon Yu, Hyoji Choi et al.

This study introduces a metric designed to measure urban structures through the economic complexity lens, building on the foundational theories of urban spatial structure, the Central Place Theory (CPT) (Christaller, 1933). Despite the significant contribution in the field of urban studies and geography, CPT has limited in suggesting an index that captures its key ideas. By analyzing various urban big data of Seoul, we demonstrate that PCI and ECI effectively identify the key ideas of CPT, capturing the spatial structure of a city that associated with the distribution of economic activities, infrastructure, and market orientation in line with the CPT. These metrics for urban centrality offer a modern approach to understanding the Central Place Theory and tool for urban planning and regional economic strategies without privacy issues.

Abreham Adera

AbstractThis paper examines the micro-level link between migrant remittances and state legitimacy. The paper argues that there are two theoretical channels through which remittances may ultimately erode state legitimacy. First, remittance income earners may use remittance income to bribe state institutions, and thus may feel that they do not need to abide by the laws those state institutions enact. Second, remittances provide funds for political mobilization and thus may enhance uprisings against autocratic states. I test these claims using individual-level pooled data from 3 rounds of the Afrobarometer surveys. For the quantitative analysis, I use multiple linear regression, propensity score matching, and an informal method of testing for omitted variables bias. Overall, the findings of the study show that remittance-receiving Africans hold de-legitimizing behavior towards the state.

Karina Mihaylovna Oganyan

Study aims at exploring the emotional, cognitive and behavioral aspects of perception of migrants people in various regions of Russia, at identifying the objectivity of the migration situation in the region, and to determine the extent to which they reflect objectively the real situation, using a sample online survey of Russian indigenous people from four federal districts.

Yuki Kato

The Gersten conjecture is still an open problem of algebraic $K$-theory for mixed characteristic discrete valuation rings. In this paper, we establish non-unital algebraic $K$-theory which is modified to become an exact functor from the category of non-unital algebras to the stable $\infty$-category of spectra. We prove that for any almost unital algebra, the non-unital $K$-theory homotopically decomposes into the non-unital $K$-theory the corresponding ideal and the residue algebra, implying the Gersten property of non-unital $K$-theory of the the corresponding ideal.

Lee Changro

The setting of farmland prices in the market not only reflects existing agricultural activities but also expected potential for development. This study decomposes farmland prices into values representative of current agricultural production and the prospective development potential at the county level in South Korea. The income value of farmland is derived by analysing agricultural revenue and production cost, and the sale value of farmland is estimated by reviewing transaction prices filed with the administrative authority. The difference between income value and sale value is adopted as the development value in this study. The results of the estimation show that the proportion of development value in the price of farmland is remarkably high, with a median proportion of 0.78, indicating that the threat of converting land to non-agricultural use is non-trivial because it remains a financially attractive alternative. In addition, the magnitude of the portion of the development value in the price of farmland varies considerably across counties depending on the distance to nearby metropolitan cities. This implies that agricultural policy should be designed in a locally optimised manner to effectively restrain the conversion of farmland for urban use.

Tamás Prugberger, Csilla Csák, Géza Károlyi et al.

A tanulmány kritikai elemzését adja az inszolvencia magyar szabályozásának. Megvizsgálja az USA és a nyugat-európai országok (Németország, Ausztria, Olaszország, Franciaország, Anglia és Svájc) ide vonatkozó törvényeit. A törvényeken túl vizsgálja a hozzájuk kapcsolódó lehetséges precedenseket is. A szerzők összehasonlítják a magyar fizetésképtelenségi eljárást a külföldi államok jogával és a korábbi magyar jogi rendezéssel, végül pedig javaslatokat tesznek a jelenlegi magyar szabályozás megváltoztatására.

Yosuke Morita

We propose a new framework for Conley index theory. The main feature of our approach is that we do not use the notion of index pairs. We introduce, instead, the notions of compactifiable subsets and index neighbourhoods, and formulate and prove basic results in Conley index theory using these notions. We treat both the discrete time case and the continuous time case.

Caroline B. Brettell, J. Hollifield