Hasil untuk "Discourse analysis"

Guangyuan Yao

China has been grappling with an air pollution crisis for several years, causing significant impacts on public health and the environment. As the official English-language publication in China, China Daily serves as an essential medium for disseminating the Chinese government's messaging to the international community regarding environmental governance and policy. This study aims to examine the discourse on air pollution in the official English-language newspaper, China Daily, between 2016 and 2022. The research seeks to answer questions about how China Daily constructs the discourse on pollution, how it shapes public perception of China's environmental governance, and what sociopolitical factors influence China's response to environmental challenges. The study suggests that China's commitment to addressing environmental issues through policy measures and sound governance offers a promising outlook for a cleaner and sustainable future.

Fatemeh Taherizadeh, Mohammad Moeini far

Imam al-Sajjad ('a), during one of the most critical periods in Islamic history—the post-Karbala era under the despotic rule of the Umayyad regime—took significant steps to preserve and expand the school of Shi‘ism through the strategic use of taqiyya (dissimulation). With a profound understanding of the prevailing political and social pressures, he employed taqiyya not merely as a means of personal protection but as a calculated method to safeguard Shi‘a teachings, preserve the knowledge of the Ahl al-Bayt ('a), and lay the cultural and intellectual foundations for future generations. This study, based on a descriptive-analytical approach and library research method, examines the role of taqiyya in Imam al-Sajjad’s ('a) struggle and illustrates how he utilized this approach to counter political and ideological oppression while promoting religious teachings, training disciples, and compiling elevated Islamic knowledge. In the final section, the paper addresses a common Sunni objection regarding the apparent contradiction and duality in taqiyya-related traditions, providing a documented and analytical response. Ultimately, this research seeks to demonstrate that taqiyya, in the context of Imam al-Sajjad’s ('a) life, functioned not only as a defensive tactic but also as part of an active, deliberate cultural and religious strategy. 1 . Introduction Imam Alī ibn al-Ḥusayn (ʿa) played a crucial role in preserving and reinforcing the foundations of Shiism during one of the most tumultuous and repressive periods in Islamic history. In the aftermath of the tragic events of Karbala and amidst the brutal oppression and extensive surveillance enforced by the Umayyad regime, Imam Al-Sajjād (ʿa) implemented a series of deliberate and strategic measures to protect the ideological, religious, and cultural heritage of the Shia community. Central to his approach was the practice of Taqiyyah—a form of precautionary dissimulation employed under duress—which not only ensured his personal safety and that of his followers, but also facilitated the discreet transmission and consolidation of Shia teachings in highly restrictive circumstances. This article aims to explore in depth the ways in which Imam Al-Sajjād(ʿa) utilized Taqiyyah as a core strategy to ensure the survival, resilience, and subtle expansion of the Shia school during an era marked by political tyranny and religious distortion. By examining the historical, theological, and sociopolitical dimensions of the Imam’s actions, this study illuminates how Taqiyyah functioned not merely as a defensive tactic, but as a proactive and purposeful method for cultural and doctrinal preservation. Drawing on both Shiite and Sunni textual sources, the research employs a descriptive-analytical methodology within a library-based framework to critically assess the multifaceted applications of Taqiyyah in the life and legacy of Imam Sajjād (‘a). The study illustrates how this principle enabled him to engage in religious education, develop spiritual literature, and train a discreet yet influential group of students and narrators, all while avoiding direct confrontation with the ruling authorities. Furthermore, the article addresses one of the key polemical concerns frequently raised by Sunni scholars regarding the perceived duplicity in the practice of Taqiyyah. By contextualizing these critiques within both theological discourse and historical necessity, the paper clarifies that Taqiyyah, as employed by Imam Al-Sajjād (‘a), was neither hypocritical nor deceptive but rather a rational and principled response to the existential threats faced by the Shia community. Ultimately, this study emphasizes that the practice of Taqiyyah during the Imamate of Imam Al-Sajjād (‘a) was a sophisticated and multidimensional instrument of resistance. It not only protected lives and religious identity but also facilitated the long-term endurance and intellectual development of Shiism during one of its most vulnerable phases. By reevaluating this strategy through a fresh academic lens, the article contributes to a deeper understanding of the Imam’s campaign and the broader role of Taqiyyah in shaping Islamic history. Research Question(s) What is Taqiyyah, and what strategy did Imam Al-Sajjād ('a) employ in its implementation? What are the narrations from the Imams throughout history concerning the practice or non-practice of Taqiyyah? What accounts for the discrepancies in the narrations regarding Taqiyyah? Literature Review Various studies have explored the life of Imam Al-Sajjād ('a) and examined his religious, social, and educational dimensions. However, a comprehensive and coherent analysis of the use of Taqiyyah as a combat strategy in the context of the political and social conditions of his time has not yet been undertaken. This study aims to investigate, based on reliable historical and narrative sources, one of the most significant combat methods employed by Imam Al-Sajjād ('a) through Taqiyyah. It will demonstrate how he effectively preserved the Shiite school from numerous threats and fortified its scientific and cultural foundations during critical circumstances by leveraging this strategic tool. Additionally, this study addresses a prevalent concern among Sunnis regarding the perceived duality in the hadiths of Taqiyyah, an issue that has not been rigorously examined to date. Methodology This research employs a library methodology and a descriptive-analytical approach to examine Shia and Sunni traditions. Results In the challenging political and social climate during the Umayyad rule, Imam Al-Sajjād (ʿa) played a crucial role in preserving and expanding the Shiite school of thought. He employed the doctrine of Taqiyyah and utilized indirect methods such as prayer, mourning, freeing slaves, and educating students. Through these efforts, he not only safeguarded Shiism from potential destruction but also, by nurturing a new generation of scholars and loyal followers, laid the foundation for a significant scientific and cultural movement that flourished during the reigns of the subsequent Imams ('a). Overall, Imam Al-Sajjād (ʿa) strategy during the era of Taqiyyah stands out as one of the most effective and astute approaches for preserving the Shiite school against oppressive regimes. This strategy remains a valuable lesson for navigating difficult circumstances and safeguarding religious principles today. The narrations attributed to Imam Al-Sajjād ('a) address both the permissibility and non-permissibility of Taqiyyah. The presence of these seemingly conflicting narrations has raised doubts among some religious groups. It is essential to note that, in the view of the Imam of Imams ('a), Taqiyyah is a conditional and limited practice; these narrations do not indicate a contradiction but rather highlight its various contexts. Consequently, Taqiyyah is obligatory in certain situations and may be abandoned in others. A proper understanding of these parameters is key to resolving any ambiguities.

Rohan Kumar Mishra, Debidutta Pattnaik, M. Kabir Hassan et al.

This study aims to offer new quantitative and qualitative insights into transaction efficiency and conflict of interest among minority and controlling shareholders in related party transactions (RPTs). We utilize systematic literature review (SLR) and bibliometric techniques to analyse 218 published articles. Our analysis identifies significant contributors, publishing sources, research groups, and maps the evolution of RPT themes and their relationship to contemporary theoretical frameworks. Subsequently, we conduct a comprehensive network and content analysis. Our findings indicate that research in RPTs began evolving post-global financial crisis, particularly since 2008, with East-Asian researchers dominating the intellectual discourse. Most studies are non-collaborative and based on empirical evidence from a limited number of countries. Methodologically, many studies employ descriptive statistics or regression techniques. We identify six thematic clusters contributing to the growth narrative of RPT research. Furthermore, we identify potential avenues for future research in RPTs and corporate governance while highlighting progressive trends and dynamics within the selected themes.

Muhammad Imran, Norah Almusharraf

This study, which investigates the pursuit of sustainable development through teachers’ perspectives on environmental education awareness, has a global impact. In formal education, teachers play a critical role in delivering sustainable development content and fostering necessary skills to achieve Sustainable development Agendas (SGDs). Consequently, to familiarize with teachers’ perspectives is necessary. A questionnaire was designed to collect data about the participants’ views, understanding, and perception of the role of education in a sustainable future. The Likert scale tool has been employed to analyze quantitative data from a randomly selected sample of eighty-seven teachers, aiming to derive insights for the analysis of environmental education from their perspectives. The results of the multiple regression analysis, chi-square test, T-test, and Cronbach’s alpha indicate that environmental education plays a significant role in preparing children for a safer future, both in Pakistan and globally. The findings show that the null hypothesis is rejected x2(10) = 43.5, p ≤ 0.05. Consequently, there is a significant relationship between educational institutes’ environmental education approach and teachers’ perspectives in promoting environmental sustainability. The devastating climate changes enhanced the importance of environmental education as a future of educational policies for children at an early education level, making this study a significant contribution to the global discourse on sustainable development.

Wyam WALIDI, Hafida EL AMRANI

This paper looks at the polyphonic analysis of Moroccan caricature in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. It highlights the importance of the image as an information tool within an area of multiple communication. As a form of visual expression, caricature aims to convey information concisely and persuasively, while reflecting the perspective of its creator. The present study sets out to understand caricature by adopting a linguistic approach and focusing specifically on the analysis of linguistic polyphony in Moroccan caricatures related to the global health crisis. This approach adopts Ducrot's enunciative theory as an analytical framework. Based on Imad Sanouni's caricatures addressing this theme, the present analysis highlights the diversity of voices and perspectives within a caricatural image image, faithfully illustrating the crisis experienced by Moroccan society during the pandemic. Results show that these drawings faithfully reflect this epidemiological period through the means of iconographic and linguistic codes to create layers of meaning and discourse. By combining visual and linguistic elements, this study demonstrates that caricature could constitute a polyphonic means of visual communication, contributing

El-Falaky May S.

This paper examines categories and functions of interactive and interactional textual elements used in the contractual discourse of selling/purchasing 100 shares of the Suez Canal Company in 1947. The exchanged documents between the involved parties, the Egyptian (buyer) and the American (seller), are analyzed using Metadiscourse Analysis (MDA) as an approach to analyzing the textual resources used in the selected corpus. Game Theory is also used in conjunction with MDA to allocate the strategic behaviors of the players within the competitive contextual surroundings of the selected discourse. The analysis explains the structural constructions of the correspondences exploring how interactional relations between the participants are linguistically crafted. The analysis of the contract discourse is argued to contribute to econo-linguistics by examining how MDA and Game Theory can be integrated to construe/construct discourses about economics. The article concludes that metadiscourse resources enable the discourse of contracts to maintain a dialogic interactional language between the seller and the buyer. This interaction assimilates a game where the author and the reader (or players) exchange moves strategically to reach the target payoff. Thus, it can be argued that integrating MDA and Game Theory benefits econo-linguistics in highlighting hidden agendas and understanding interactive and interactional meanings in the discourse.

Gabriela Machado Ramos de Almeida, Danielly Bezerra dos Santos

Neste texto, partimos das apreciações conceituais da pós-modernidade propostas por Jean-François Lyotard (2020) para observar e discutir a posição de legitimidade do cientista enquanto especialista envolvido na chamada ‘crise da expertise’ contemporânea, apresentada pelo autor Gil Eyal (2019). No percurso, refletimos brevemente sobre as principais mudanças na formação da ciência moderna, a ocorrência da pós-modernidade e a tensão nas relações de especialização. O material empírico se refere a uma série de comentários negativos a uma postagem opinativa do biólogo brasileiro Atila Iamarino na rede social Twitter, em junho de 2020. Na avaliação sobre quais elementos são evidenciados por usuários críticos ao cientista, as análises demonstraram a ausência de argumentos por parte dos opositores e a resistência ao uso de uma argumentação científica totalizante, com críticas não ao trabalho, mas à pessoa do cientista.

David Frank, Suzan M. Walters

Background: Often people assume that entry into drug treatment is a voluntary action for persons who use drugs (PWUD). This narrative informs the organizational and regulatory structure of most treatment programs and consequently affects patients’ ability to exert agency over their own treatment. Yet, this view ignores the complex interplay between individual and structural factors in peoples’ decision-making processes, particularly among people who use drugs who are stigmatized and criminalized. Treatment programs that assume voluntary entry may lack appropriate services for the populations of treatment seekers that they serve.Methods: This paper uses semi-structured interviews with 42 participants in Opioid Substitution Treatment (OST) (including patients, clinic doctors and staff, and advocates) informed by one of the author’s own lived experience in OST, to examine patients’ treatment decisions, and in particular, if and how, the structural context of drugs’ illegality/criminalization affected their willingness to pursue treatment. A Critical Discourse Analysis was used to identify key themes.Results: Interview data demonstrates that most people who use drugs enter treatment under constrained conditions related to drugs’ illegality. Themes that emerged included: 1. A feeling of limited choices due to drugs’ illegality; 2. Peer and family pressure; 3. Fear of losing children; and 4. Internalized stigma (i.e. feeling they are dirty or bad for using).Conclusion: Narratives that frame PWUD’s treatment decisions as volitional provide political cover to policies that criminalize PWUD by obscuring their effect on PWUD’s treatment decisions. Treatment models, particularly those that serve highly criminalized populations, should be re-conceptualized outside of normative narratives of individual choice, and be broadened to understand how larger structures constrain choices. By looking at macro-level factors, including the interplay of criminalization and drug treatment, programs can begin to understand the complexity of PWUD motivations to enter drug treatment. Recognizing the role of the War on Drugs as a force of oppression for people who use drugs, and that their treatment decisions are made within that setting, may enable people in treatment, and providers, to develop more productive ways of interacting with one another. Additionally, this may lead to better retention in treatment programs.

Zolotukhin , Denis S.

The paper examines the features of the linguistic discourse in French-language texts of modern scientific papers. The study proves that within the framework of studying linguistic texts, it is necessary to distinguish between the concepts of object-language, scientific theory, metalanguage, scientific discourse and metadiscourse. The analysis of 50 scientific articles based on the results of the World Congress in French Linguistics 2020, revealed metalinguistic, discursive and metadiscursive units that correspond to the levels and components of linguistic theory.

Thiago Gehre

The article discuss the main historical movements on BRICS international relations between 2009-2019: the emergence of narratives about success and failure of the BRICS; the capability of BRICS to promote innovations in the global order, and the responsiveness of BRICS to an array of themes on the umbrella of the concept of cooperation under sensitivity. New productive dialogue niches (health, security, development) in BRICS international relations has created circumstances of sensitive interactions between the countries, causing controversy and diplomatic edges that affected bilateral and multilateral ties between BRICS countries. Methodologically, it draws from multiple approaches that combine Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA), Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA), Critical Thinking and a historical international relations perspective, based on an empirically strong foundation on primary and secondary sources – including news, authorities discourse and official telegrams of Itamaraty and the more recent scientific studies on BRICS.

Paulo Rogério Lobão de Araújo Costa, Francisca Bruna Arruda Aragão, Jacira do Nascimento Serra et al.

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate how mothers of children with congenital syndrome (microcephaly) associated with Zika virus perceive their quality of life. Methods: This is a qualitative study carried out in two stages: at the Maternal and Child University Hospital and at Casa de Apoio Ninar through semi-structured interviews with mothers of children with congenital syndrome associated with Zika virus. Ten women comprised the sample. Results: In line with the critical discourse analysis, four categories emerged based on Fairclough’s 2008 assumptions: Quality of Life and Health - quality of life perception associated with the broad meaning of the term health; Quality of Life and Health Care Systems - characterized by care instability and fragmentation; Quality of Life and Free Time - lack of free time for activities of daily living and leisure; Quality of Life and Future Perspectives - lack of future perspective, considering that most participants had to stop working and studying to take care of their children. Conclusions: Mothers of children with congenital syndrome associated with Zika virus are devoted to their children’s care. Their lack of prospects was considered a consequence of the lack of time for activities of daily living and leisure.

Surwandono Surwandono

In the last few decades, the practice of paradiplomacy in Indonesia has increased across the country. The paradiplomacy policy was commonly conducted by local governments in Indonesia since the collapse of the centralized-New Order regime followed by political reformation in various sectors. Decentralization is the main issue that demand local government to be more active and to manage the region properly. The opportunity to boost international partners is very open under the new norm that pave the way to the practice of paradiplomacy including in the frontier areas in Indonesia. This research focuses on the thwo important areas in the frontier Indonesia namely, Riau Island, West Kalimantan and Maluku. Nevertheless, in fact, the so-called “ceremonial” paradiplomacy blatantly practiced amid of the tighten and very bureaucratic barrier including obstacles on the budget implementation. This is qualitative research with discourse analysis which so important to understand paradiplomacy practices notably in the frontier areas in Indonesia that in some extent are vulnerable to the separatism issues in the central government in Jakarta.

Erika Szymanski, Niki Vermeulen, Mark Wong

The genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae – brewer’s or baker’s yeast – was the first eukaryotic genome to be sequenced in 1996. The identity of that yeast genome has been not just a product of sequencing, but also of its use after sequencing and particularly of its mobilization in scientific literature. We ask “what is the yeast genome?” as an empirical question by investigating “the yeast genome” as a discursive entity. Analyzing publications that followed sequencing points to several “yeast genomes” existing side-by-side: genomes as physical molecules, digital texts, and a historic event. Resolving this unified-yet-multiple “genome” helps make sense of contemporary developments in yeast genomics such as the synthetic yeast project, in which apparently “the same” genome occupies multiple roles and locations, and points to the utility of examining specific non-human genomes independent of the Human Genome Project.

Krzysztof Wasilewski

Hate speech has become a key element of contemporary political discourse. It has also changed the very structure of communication. With the access to public sphere provided by social media, hate speech engages people in connective action, which allows it to construct and deconstruct collective identity. By doing this, hate speech undermines the idea of multicultural society. In order to succeed, such a society needs to engage its members in inclusive intercultural dialogue while hate speech strongly excludes all dissident voices, deepening political polarisation. This article presents an extensive analysis of hate speech from the perspective of intercultural communication. Drawing from available research and literature, the author puts forward the thesis that hate speech is a communicative phenomenon that not only disrupts intercultural dialogue, but also leads to the disintegration of multicultural society.

Jean-Pierre Del Corso, Geneviève Nguyen, Charilaos Képhaliacos

This article focuses on a French particular public agro-environmental policy scheme, called mesures agro-environnementales territorialisées - Directive cadre sur l’Eau (Water Territorialized Agroenvironmental Measures / MAET-DCE). Launched in 2007 to meet the European Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC, these measures are voluntary and aim to encourage farmers to adopt good farming practices in order to protect water. However, it is difficult to have farmers to sign up for changes in their practices. Given this fact, our study aims to show that, as a technical and institutional innovation, the MAET-DCE will be effective in terms of water quality improvement only if it becomes socially acceptable by the farmers. The concept of legitimity helps to analyze the conditions necessary to the acceptability of this policy scheme. Proven as relatively successful, the experience of a MAET-DCE launched in the Midi-Pyrénées Region is used as a case study. From a conceptual point of view, the contributions of authors, such as Amartya Sen, Daniel Bromley and Arild Vatn, help to better understand how actors can collectively update their believes and the “sufficient reasons” for action, and how, by doing so, they can legitimize a change in farming practices recommended by public policy. Consistently with the conceptual framework, we develop a methodology combining, on the one hand, an analysis of the institutional process underlying the MAET-DCE setting, and on the other hand, a comparative analysis of the believes hold by the farmers who contracted the MAET and those of the farmers who did not want to contract the MAET. These beliefs are highlighted through the direct observation of farming practices and a textual analysis of the discourse of farmers and agricultural advisers.

Bruna Gabriela Augusto Marçal Vieira

This paper presents the analysis of texts of Authors´ Guidelines of six Computer Science journals. The research aimed at verifying the existence of “hidden” features of academic literacy in the texts, which may hide relevant information to the production of papers according to what is expected by the journals. Through a discursive ethnographic analysis, which enabled us to understand the concepts of language, text and genre that grounds the literacy practices of the journals, some “hidden” features were identified and related to social assumptions of the genre research article. The analysis showed, among other things, that the journals center the guidelines, mostly, in formal and structural aspects of the text, failing to approach some literacy features, such as content, rhetoric and ideology. Based on a concept of language, text and genre, which is very similar to the Academic Socialization approach to teaching writing, identified by Lea and Street (1998), the journals depart from the social assumption that academic discourse specificities are the same for all academic genres. Thus, they count on some type of knowledge from the authors, which inexperienced researchers may not have yet, making it more difficult for these novices to engage in academic discussion in their field.

Guillaume Thomas

Heim (1990) and Kripke (2009) argue that the adverb too is a trigger of presuppositions that cannot be accommodated, i.e. a hard trigger (Abusch 2002). Contrary to this view Zeevat (2003,b) proposed that too should rather be analyzed as a marker of additive discourse relations, which he argues explains its resistance to accommodation. In this squib, I show that presuppositional analyses of too are actually as explanatory as the discourse marker analysis in this respect, and that the latter faces serious issues with sentences with contrastive topics. I conclude that nothing is gained by reanalyzing hard presupposition triggers as discourse markers.<br />Keywords: presuppositions, discourse markers, too<br /><br />

Rachel Weiss, Arlene Archer

This article takes a multimodal social semiotic approach to analysing educational textbooks. We are interested in the ways in which educational textbooks contribute to designing our social futures by constructing both the student and the discipline in a particular manner. While a textbook’s primary purpose is to provide the reader with knowledge content about a specific topic, it also serves to conventionalise and entrench certain discipline-specific practices and values. A textbook simultaneously competes in an economic environment where the reader has a choice of many textbooks. The text, therefore, takes on a hybrid form, where marketisation and conversationalisation co-exist in dialogue with academic discourse. The article analyses the discourses of Pharmacology as constructed in two widely used Pharmacology textbooks in South Africa. We take a systemic functional approach which views texts as realising meaning in three ways, namely the ideational, the interpersonal and the textual. The analysis shows how one of the textbooks tends to establish a more democratic relationship between authors and readers, while constructing Pharmacology within a scientific discourse of drugs. The other textbook constructs a more traditional and hierarchical relationship between author and reader, yet tends to reinforce a clinical, patient-centred approach to Pharmacology. We argue that this kind of analysis is important when interrogating curriculum, as textbooks are crucial sites of struggle over discourse, meaning and power.

Rita Eder

This article reveals the inherent tensions between an art history that identifies itself with the nation-state and an alternative form of artistic reflection that attempts to deconstruct the unshakable edifice of nationalist historiography and the visual constructs propagated by the State as means of building identity. This self-reflection, which distinguishes itself from official discourse, explores images and reveals the complexity of their multiple meanings; these images are constitutive elements of the imaginations that are necessary to move beyond the idea of an eternal, and petrified, national identity. This critical exploration includes the revaluation of certain religious icons and the analysis of historical periods other than that of the Revolution of 1910, both of which participate in generating a national imagination. The State experienced a strong push towards modernity beginning in the last decades of the nineteenth century. In other words, the creation of a centralized power structure capable of artificially uniting diverse histories and ethnicities became a necessary prerequisite of modernity. Reacting to this centralizing concept, different critical movements, both artistic and art-historical, came into being to tackle issues related to the art-power nexus. The student movement of 1968, which questioned the canonical image of official power, represented an important break with the past in this regard. The rethinking of the visual structuring of the regime that it engendered has since continued, with contemporary art becoming a means to upend national symbols and their relations to power.

Sylvie Housiel

The important number of letters written by French soldiers during World War I calls for an adequate methodological frame allowing for the organization of the data. The study uses the tools of Discourse Analysis and Argumentation in order to enlighten the nature of epistolary exchange in the combatants’ letters. In this perspective, the written documents are explored in their interactional, communicational and representational dimensions, while taking into consideration the evolution of the correspondences and their spatio-temporal frame. We will see how the shift from micro- to macro-analysis can be achieved by studying the way the soldiers deal with the event in their communication with the other at the very beginning of the war. The epistolary discourse is examined through a perspective of polyphony and of dialogism inscribing it in a common discourse, or detaching it from this interdiscourse. The epistolary attitude displayed by such an analysis of the letters at this precise period allows us to hear a single voice common to a group distinguished by its specific perception of the conflict.