Hasil untuk "Competition"

Kwangng

U. Bastolla, Miguel A. Fortuna, A. Pascual-García et al.

Xavier Giroud, Holger M. Mueller

L. Burke, J. Hawley, S. Wong et al.

M. Mather, Matthew R. Sutherland

L. Weng, A. Flammini, Alessandro Vespignani et al.

The wide adoption of social media has increased the competition among ideas for our finite attention. We employ a parsimonious agent-based model to study whether such a competition may affect the popularity of different memes, the diversity of information we are exposed to and the fading of our collective interests for specific topics. Agents share messages on a social network but can only pay attention to a portion of the information they receive. In the emerging dynamics of information diffusion, a few memes go viral while most do not. The predictions of our model are consistent with empirical data from Twitter, a popular microblogging platform. Surprisingly, we can explain the massive heterogeneity in the popularity and persistence of memes as deriving from a combination of the competition for our limited attention and the structure of the social network, without the need to assume different intrinsic values among ideas.

R. Green, D. Newbery

R. Burt

S. Lippman, R. Rumelt

F. Meyer

M. Osborne, A. Slivinski

S. Makridakis, A. Andersen, R. Carbone et al.

P. Aghion, C. Harris, P. Howitt et al.

Is more intense product market competition and imitation good or bad for growth? This question is addressed in the context of an endogenous growth model with "step-by-step" innovations, in which technological laggards must first catch up with the leading-edge technology before battling for technological leadership in the future. In contrast to earlier Schumpeterian models in which innovations are always made by outsider firms who earn no rents if they fail to innovate and become monopolies if they do innovate, here we find: first, that the usual Schumpeterian effect of more intense product market competition (PMC) is almost always outweighed by the increased incentive for firms to innovate in order to escape competition, so that PMC has a positive effect on growth; second, that a little imitation is almost always growth-enhancing, as it promotes more frequent neck-and-neck competition, but too much imitation is unambiguously growth-reducing. The model thus points to complementary roles for competition (anti-trust) policy and patent policy.

T. Birkhead, A. Møller

Bonnie M. Meguid

M. Porter

A. Shleifer

Wenqiang Zhu, Xin Wang, Chaoqian Wang et al.

Cooperation and competition coexist and coevolve in natural and social systems. Cooperation generates resources, which in turn, drive non-cooperative competition to secure individual shares. How this complex interplay between cooperation and competition shapes the evolution of social dilemmas and welfare remains unknown. In this study, we introduce a two-layer evolutionary game model, in which one layer is a cooperative public goods game, and the other is a competitive involution game, with cross-layer feedback linking the two. We find that feedback can either promote or inhibit cooperation, depending on the baseline conditions. For example, moderate resource and synergy factor values can promote social welfare when feedback strength is large. This provides an approach to adjusting the strength and asymmetry of cross-layer feedback to promote cooperation and social welfare. We thus emphasize the importance of managing feedback mechanisms to balance cooperation and competition in complex social systems.

Patrick Zimmer, Philip Bittihn, Yoav G. Pollack

Cellular renewing active matter - assemblies of proliferating and apoptotic cells - underlies tissue homeostasis, morphogenesis, and clonal competition. Previous work in one-dimensional periodic systems identified a fitness advantage associated with rapid dead-cell clearance, an "opportunistic" competition mechanism. Extending this framework, we study two-dimensional cellular aggregates and show that dimensionality modifies the interplay between competition mechanisms for clones with different clearance rates: in 2D, opportunistic and homeostatic-pressure-based competition jointly shape clonal selection, to varying degrees. We then introduce an explicit circular confinement to probe how boundaries modulate this interplay. While opportunistic competition persists, distinct timescale-dependent behaviors emerge through weakened homeostatic-pressure-based competition near boundaries. Structural analysis reveals that confinement promotes tangential alignment and spatially heterogeneous homeostatic pressure, thereby reshaping competitive outcomes at tissue edges. Our study connects newly discovered competition mechanisms with more realistic biological contexts, highlighting how dimensionality and spatial constraints influence tissue structures and modulate competition in heterogeneous cell populations, with implications for tumor growth dynamics and tissue development.

Xianglong Xing, Qing Qi, Shouzheng Tong et al.

Vegetation restoration is one of the most effective means to reestablish wetlands. However, little is known about how plant communities expand and compete after wetland restoration because of the dearth of data from long-term monitoring. In this study, we monitored a restored Carex tussock wetland over a 15-year period, assessed the extent of Carex tussock expansion, analyzed the effects of interspecific competition and environmental factors on Carex tussock growth, and explored the driving mechanisms of the expansion of Carex tussock community. Our results demonstrate that the Carex tussock community continued its outward dispersal after restoration, with a total expansion area of 770 m2. The ecological characteristics and species diversity in the restoration area were higher than those in the expansion area. Additionally, both the density and biodiversity of Carex tussock in the restoration area decreased with the age of the restoration. Experiments indicated that competition and water level significantly influenced the growth of Carex tussock and Carex exhibited weaker competitiveness in a mixed constructure model. The structural equation model revealed that topography was the primary driver of Carex tussock expansion. The priority effect of Carex dispersal mitigated the impact of competition on expansion. This study offers new insights for future wetland restoration practices, particularly concerning Carex tussock ecosystems.