Hasil untuk "Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration"

David Spenger, Stefan Kordel, Lukas Schorner

Addressing the research desideratum of health status and practices of refugees in the settlement phase as well as rural specificities in dealing with health issues, this article explores refugees’ self-reported health status as well as experiences with health infrastructure. Following a salutogenic approach to health, we consider both disease prevention and health promotion and explicitly take into account leisure practices as a way to acquire health resources. Results firstly show a persistence of self-reported diseases and manifold interactions with the settlement process, e.g. housing or language acquisition. Secondly, we found that refugees are looking for (new) leisure activities at the place of living, which allow to gain sovereignty about everyday lives and thus improve their health status. Based on our results, we suggest to take up post-medicinal and life-course approaches in future research designs for a more profound understanding of migrant health.

Artjoms Ivlevs, Roswitha M. King

High or growing rates of smoking tobacco and high rates of emigration are salient features of many low- and middle-income countries, yet the links between migration and smoking remain underexplored. We study the effects of household member emigration on the likelihood of smoking among those staying behind in the countries of former Yugoslavia. Using instrumental variable analysis, we find that the emigration of household members reduces the likelihood of smoking, especially among women and older respondents. These findings support the ‘social remittances’ hypothesis that migration contributes to the transfer of smoking-related norms from destination to source countries. Migration may thus contribute to socioeconomic development of source countries by reducing one of the world's biggest health epidemics: smoking.

Tarik Harroud, Hasnaa Azami Idrissi, Rachid Alillouch

Like many countries in the Global North, Morocco has embraced the digital age in recent years, launching a range of programs aimed at harnessing the benefits of the smart city. Through the growing use of information and communication technologies, the goal is to enhance the management, oversight, and public image of its major urban centers.In this context, a new city was launched in 2006 as a testing ground for international standards in sustainable and smart urban development. Largely financed by international donors and designed by globally recognized experts, the Zenata Eco-city has introduced a range of digital innovations in urban service management and transportation infrastructure, positioning it as a “model” initiative in Morocco. Constructed on a strategic site near Casablanca, previously occupied by numerous shantytowns, the smart city has also had to confront significant social and economic challenges, particularly around the relocation of low-income communities. This contribution highlights the digital and technological tools deployed in Morocco’s first smart city, as well as the socio-spatial impacts they have generated. Special attention is given to how former shantytown residents have appropriated digital platforms and social media as new spaces for protest and civic engagement. Drawing on fieldwork that includes interviews with planners, administrators, and residents, along with analysis of local social media content, the study reveals how digital tools have been leveraged by local associations and communities to assert their rights and resist the exclusionary dynamics of the smart city.

Madeline Paradise

Samuel Robles

Narciso Garay publicó en 1930 Tradiciones y cantares de Panamá, el cual contiene numerosas transcripciones de músicas tradicionales que el autor recopiló en cinco años de viajes a lo largo del territorio panameño como parte de un esfuerzo de construcción de identidad. Los compositores panameños Alberto Galimany, Roque Cordero y Eduardo Charpentier participaron de un proceso resignificación de ese esfuerzo, citando dichas transcripciones y crearon obras en diversos estilos donde recontextualizan la música recopilada por Garay. En este estudio analizamos las citas de estos compositores desde la perspectiva de la formación consciente de identidades y la “Panamá imaginada” de Garay durante las primeras décadas de la república y de la influencia que este repertorio ejerció en la construcción de un paisaje musical “panameño” en el imaginario de las siguientes generaciones de compositores.

Nadia Irina Santillanes Allande

To guarantee the right to mental health for migrants, we analyze the network of services, models, and protocols of attention produced to address the particular needs of this population. Through interviews with governmental and civil society healthcare personnel, part of the network of services and resources available for mental health, we conclude that psychologists operating in civil society organizations and shelters have innovative paths to provide appropriate care adjusted to the context lived by migrants during transit. Unlike the psychiatric dominant model, the psychosocial model of civil organizations provides a social perspective adequate to include in the protocols of the medical official institutions responsible for mental health care in Mexico.

Ajwang’ Warria

Migrant children who are vulnerable to statelessness are a growing at-risk population worldwide, and in South Africa. Migrant children often travel unaccompanied or become separated from their families during the journey, thus increasing their vulnerability. These children are often denied their rights in countries of transit and resettlement and might even be detained due to lack of documentation. They are subject to high levels of violence and status-exclusion within the migratory process. This paper considers statelessness in migrant children in South Africa, and undertakes a review of the literature to understand this phenomenon. The results show that a considerable number of migrant children in South Africa are at risk of statelessness. While all children may have roots that can be traced, situations and technicalities arise within the migration and registration framework that result either in children becoming stateless or at risk of becoming such. These children’s childhoods fall through the gaps as they lack a sense of belonging. They also have limited rights and none of the protection that goes with being recognized as nationals. Social workers are able to play a significant role in assessing and determining if migrant children are either stateless or at risk of becoming stateless and offer appropriate intervention to help them realize their rights, potential and contributions.

Jérémy Pasini

This article proposes an understanding of how the use of mobile phones contributes to the accumulation and implementation of mobility skills in Cameroon. Being mobile is an essential prerequisite in an urbanizing country where jobs, services and family members are increasingly spread throughout space. The main aim of this contribution is therefore to report on the efforts and strategies deployed by individuals to integrate into the "dispersed society". The results indicate that the use of mobile phones facilitates the practical implementation of mobility (orientation, overcoming travel difficulties, etc.), but also represents a new source of risk (theft) to which users try to provide answers.

Patricia Faraldo Cabana, Cristina Fernández Bessa

This paper analyses the level of implementation of the mutual recognition of probation decisions in Spain. Despite the significant number of potential beneficiaries of the measure (sentenced EU national foreigners), this mutual recognition instrument has barely been implemented as of 2018. In order to assess the reasons of this lack of implementation, this article begins by examining the objectives and goals of both the Framework Decision 2008/947/JHA and the Spanish Law No. 23/2014. Then, it shows how the social rehabilitation of the convicted individuals and the protection of victims and general public are critically related to the prevalence of deportation procedures of sentenced EU citizens. These deportations are based on a different rationality, in which national interests are given preference, and their prevalence in Spain has rendered the mutual recognition instruments irrelevant since a significant number of the sentenced individuals who stand to benefit from them end up being deported. This analysis lays bare an incoherent and contradictory system which neglects the constitutional purpose of custodial measures, the social rehabilitation of the sentenced individual.

Russell King, Marek Okólski

In this paper we review the significant political events and economic forces shaping contemporary migration within and into Europe. Various data sources are deployed to chronicle five phases of migration affecting the continent over the period 1945–2015: immediate postwar migrations of resettlement, the mass migration of ‘guestworkers’, the phase of economic restructuring and family reunion, asylum-seeking and irregular migration, and the more diverse dynamics unfolding in an enlarged European Union post-2004, not forgetting the spatially variable impact of the 2008 economic crisis. In recent years, in a scenario of rising migration globally, there has been an increase in intra-European migration compared to immigration from outside the continent. However, this may prove to be temporary given the convergence of economic indicators between ‘East’ and ‘West’ within the EU and the European Economic Area, and that ongoing population pressures from the global South, especially Africa, may intensify. Managing these pressures will be a major challenge from the perspective of a demographically shrinking Europe.

William Berthomiére

Este artículo es una contribución al conocimiento de las migraciones nacidas de la desintegración del bloque comunista. Desde 1989, más de 650.000 judíos han marchado de la ex-Unión Soviética para ir a Israel. Así, ese Estado se convierte en uno de los países del mundo que sufrió más intensamente los efectos de ese acontecimiento geográfico de mayor importancia. En esta contribución intentamos presentar, a través de algunos resultados de nuestro trabajo, las características de esta migración y contestar a las preguntas inherentes a tales problemáticas: ¿cómo Israel gestiona esa migración?, ¿cúales son sus efectos sobre un espacio tan atormentado y debatido?… Insistiremos también sobre los lazos establecidos entre Israel y la ex-URSS con la ayuda de las redes de migrantes. En conclusión, intentaremos situar ese movimiento en el nuevo contexto de migraciones en el cual vemos la integración progresiva de Israel en el sistema migratorio europeo con la entrada de trabajadores extranjeros y la presencia de una población en situación ilegal.

Josep Pich Mitjana, Juan Pastrana Piñero, Josep Contreras Ruiz

La biografía de Gonzalo de Reparaz Rodríguez-Báez puede ser vista como la cuadratura del círculo, ya que estuvo vinculado a la mayor parte de las principales ideologías del período en el que vivió, pero siempre fue un contumaz defensor del imperialismo. Estuvo vinculado al republicanismo anticlerical y partidario de la autonomía de las colonias antillanas, al liberalismo progresista, al polaviejismo, al clericalismo reaccionario, al regionalismo, al republicanismo radical y al anarquismo, pero siempre fue un defensor del iberismo y del africanismo.

Elisabeth Eide, Maria Kjølstad, Anja Naper

This article analyses the mainstream press coverage of the terror in Norway post 22.07.2011 and discusses how and in what context the concepts of 'freedom of expression' and 'multiculturalism' occur. The aim has been to map important discursive trends in the aftermath of the terror. A clear division between different victim positions is identified. One blames majority society for not granting enough space to extreme right wing views on Islam and diversity/multiculturalism; another one sees the terror connected to a majority society that already has demonstrated a high degree of hostility towards migrants and Muslims. Thus, two different understandings of the status for freedom of expression in Norway occur, linked to differing positions on the diversity society.

Rui Mesquita Cordeiro

O propósito central deste artigo é a análise da política de cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento brasileira a partir da ótica da relação estado/sociedade civil. Trata-se de um trabalho exploratório, que busca levantar questões e tendências amplas sobre novos fenômenos referentes à cooperação sul-sul e a participação da sociedade civil na política externa brasileira, com vistas a contribuir com uma agenda de pesquisa futura sobre o tema. A abordagem analítica utilizada no artigo é a histórico-estruturante, através de uma metodologia que por um lado envolve uma revisão teórico-bibliográfica multidisciplinar sobre temas de análise da política externa brasileira, da cooperação técnica internacional, do desenvolvimento e da sociedade civil. Ademais, também se fez uso da revisão e análise de relatórios, notas públicas e pesquisas realizadas pela ABC, IPEA, ABONG, INESC e outros pesquisadores e analistas destas áreas. Completando a abordagem metodológica, para fins de triangulação de informações, também se realizou uma entrevista semiestruturada com o ministro Marco Farani, Diretor Geral da ABC. Inicialmente, o artigo caracterizará uma interpretação dos três principais ciclos de desenvolvimento pelo qual vem passando o país; posteriormente, se analisa a política externa brasileira a partir da sua cooperação para o desenvolvimento, bem como a relação estado/sociedade civil no âmbito da cooperação. Na sua parte final, algumas considerações são feitas a respeito da corrente fase da política de cooperação e de sua relação com a sociedade, no que tange a identificação dos principais entraves para seu avanço rumo ao futuro.

Sara Brezigar

This article presents the results of a study on Third Country Nationals [TCNs] who live in Slovenia. The article focuses on discrimination on ethnic and racial grounds and explores whether TCNs experience discrimination on these grounds in five areas of their lives: housing, schooling, health care, the labour market and in contacts with public administration. The author identifies three factors that at least partially explain the different experiences and degrees of discrimination reported by interviewees.

Tineke Fokkema, Laurence Lessard-Phillips, James D. Bachmeier et al.

This article investigates the transnational behaviour of the children of immigrants – the second generation – in 11 European and two U.S. cities. We find evidence that transnational practices such as visits to the home country, remittances and use of ethnic media persist only among a minority of the second generation. At a personal level, these second-generation transmigrants are less socio-culturally integrated but more economically integrated in the host country. They also tend to live in those cities and countries with policies that are more assimilationist or exclusionary than multicultural.

Peter Kivisto, Nauja Kleist, Fiona Murphy et al.

Marijanca Ajša Vižintin

Za uspešno integracijo otrok priseljencev so potrebne različne oblike vključevanja. Osnovna šola Dragomirja Benčiča Brkina Hrpelje je postala v šolskem letu 2008/09 ena od osmih šol v Sloveniji, ki je – poleg poučevanja slovenščine kot drugega/tujega jezika – uvedla poučevanje maternih jezikov in kultur otrok priseljencev, makedonščine in albanščine. Opisani so trije začetki poučevanja materinščine otrok priseljencev v Sloveniji z vidika njihovih učiteljev in njihovo sodelovanje s šolo.

María Isabel Quiñones-Arocho

[First paragraph]
 The women of Azua: work and family in the rural Dominican Republic, by BARBARA FINLAY. New York: Praeger, 1989. xi + 190 pp. (Cloth US$ 35.00)
 The psychosocial development of Puerto Rican women, edited by CYNTHIA T. GARCIA COLL & MARIA DE LOURDES MATTEI. New York: Praeger, 1989. xiii + 272 pp. (Cloth US$ 45.00)
 Women and the sexual division oflabour in the Caribbean, edited by KEITH HART. Mona, Jamaica: Consortium Graduate School of Social Sciences, UWI, 1989. 141 pp. (Paper n.p.)
 
 The three books under review work have a common theme: the impact of changing gender expectations on Caribbean women. The authors are mainly concerned with recent political and economie changes that might have contributed to either the improvement or deterioration of women's status in these societies. The questions raised by the contributors are strikingly similar: What has been the impact of dependent economie development on women's lives and has this resulted in increased labor participation (a problem explored for rural Dominican women as well as for Jamaican and Barbadian women) or in the migration to metropolitan centers, with its psychosocial consequences (an issue raised for Puerto Rican women living in the United States)? If patriarchal values (often referred to as traditional values) prevail in these societies, then what impact might wage work, migration, or improved education have on those values? Could it be the disintegration of the nuclear family with an increased proportion of female-headed households (Hart), higher rates of mental illness as a result of dysfunctional aceulturation (Garcia Coll and Mattei), or even an improvement of women's status within their families and communities (Finlay)?

Michiel Baud

[First paragraph]
 Coloring the Nation: Race and Ethnicity in the Dominican Republic. DAVID HOWARD. Oxford: Signal; Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 2001. x + 227 pp. (Paper US$ 19.95)
 Race and Politics in the Dominican Republic. ERNESTO SAGAS. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2000. xii + 161 pp. (Cloth US$ 49.95, Paper US$ 24.95)
 Peasants and Religion: A Socioeconomic Study of Dios Olivorio and the Palma Sola Movement in the Dominican Republic. JAN LUNDIUS & MATS LUNDAHL. London: Routledge, 2000. xxvi + 774 pp. (Cloth US$ 135.00)
 
 The social and political relations between the Dominican Republic and Haiti, and especially their racial and ethnic contents, are extremely difficult to approach in an even- handed and unbiased way. Much ink has been spilled over the conflictive relations between these two countries, and on race relations in the Dominican Republic. Much of what has been said must be considered unfounded or biased, not to mention sensationalist. The books under review try to pro vide new insights into the issue and at the same time to steer clear of these problems.