Hasil untuk "By religion"

G. Davie

G. Geertz

R. Warner

H. Gooren

R. Putnam, David E. Campbell, Shaylyn Romney Garrett

S. Jejeebhoy, Z. Sathar

Lee A. Kirkpatrick

R. Hood, Peter C. Hill, B. Spilka

A. Mahoney

Ioana Cheres, Adrian Groza, Ioana Moldovan et al.

Increasingly artificial intelligence (AI) has been cast in "god-like" roles (to name a few: film industry - Matrix, The Creator, Mission Impossible, Foundation, Dune etc.; literature - Children of Time, Permutation City, Neuromancer, I Have no Mouth and I Must Scream, Alphaville etc.). This trend has accelerated with the advent of sophisticated Large Language Models such as ChatGPT. For this phenomenon, where AI is perceived as divine, we use the term GPTheology, where ChatGPT and other AI models are treated as potential oracles of a semi-divine nature. This paper explores the emergence of GPTheology as a form of techno-religion, examining how narratives around AI echo traditional religious constructs. We draw on community narratives from online forums - Reddit - and recent projects - AI-powered Mazu Statue in Malaysia (Lu, 2025); "ShamAIn" Project in Korea (He-rim, 2025); AI Jesus in a Swiss Church (Kennedy, 2024). These examples show striking similarities to technological notions of the Singularity and the development of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). Additionally, we analyse how daily interactions with AI are acquiring ritualistic associations and how AI-centric ideologies clash with or are integrated into established religions. This study uses a dataset of Reddit posts discussing AI to identify recurring themes of salvation, prophecy, and demonization surrounding AI. Our findings suggest that new belief systems are developing around AI, and this carries both philosophical and sociotechnical implications. Our paper critically analyses the benefits and dangers, as well as the social, political and ethical challenges of this development. This transdisciplinary inquiry highlights how AI and religion are increasingly intertwined, prompting necessary questions about humanity's relationship with its creations and the future of belief.

Yohanes Parihala, Rachel Iwamony, Olivia R. Sekewael

The Maluku conflict from 1999 to 2004 provides valuable data for building interreligious shared communities. In the pursuit of peace, religion and the local culture of Maluku played a significant role. This article explicitly analyzes the religious and cultural texts that contribute to maintaining the peace of Maluku. This article argues that the Eucharist (Luke 22:14–20) and the shared-meal traditions of makan patita and fayatat in Maluku share common values—sharing, hospitality, sacrifice, and peace—that can be woven together as a model for sustaining interreligious harmony in Maluku. The celebration of the Eucharist is an essential part of Christian tradition, and interreligious people in Maluku still practice makan patita or fayatat. This shared narrative can contribute to building shared interreligious communities. The shared community could become a space to build a life together that embraces each other. This study uses a qualitative research approach by analyzing three main themes, namely exploring the meaning of the Eucharist in Luke 22:14-20; analyzing the practice and value of eating patita or fayatat in Maluku; and ending with the construction of contextual theology by intertwining the Eucharist and makan patita or fayatat as a model for maintaining peace in Maluku.

J. Barrett

Muhammed Saeed, Muhammad Abdul-mageed, Shady Shehata

Large language models (LLMs) are widely deployed for open-ended communication, yet most bias evaluations still rely on English, classification-style tasks. We introduce \corpusname, a new multilingual, debate-style benchmark designed to reveal how narrative bias appears in realistic generative settings. Our dataset includes 8{,}400 structured debate prompts spanning four sensitive domains -- Women's Rights, Backwardness, Terrorism, and Religion -- across seven languages ranging from high-resource (English, Chinese) to low-resource (Swahili, Nigerian Pidgin). Using four flagship models (GPT-4o, Claude~3.5~Haiku, DeepSeek-Chat, and LLaMA-3-70B), we generate over 100{,}000 debate responses and automatically classify which demographic groups are assigned stereotyped versus modern roles. Results show that all models reproduce entrenched stereotypes despite safety alignment: Arabs are overwhelmingly linked to Terrorism and Religion ($\geq$89\%), Africans to socioeconomic ``backwardness'' (up to 77\%), and Western groups are consistently framed as modern or progressive. Biases grow sharply in lower-resource languages, revealing that alignment trained primarily in English does not generalize globally. Our findings highlight a persistent divide in multilingual fairness: current alignment methods reduce explicit toxicity but fail to prevent biased outputs in open-ended contexts. We release our \corpusname benchmark and analysis framework to support the next generation of multilingual bias evaluation and safer, culturally inclusive model alignment.

Michael Correll, Lane Harrison

In this provocation, we suggest that much (although not all) current uncertainty visualization simplifies the myriad forms of uncertainty into error bars around an estimate. This apparent simplification into error bars comes only as a result of a vast metaphysics around uncertainty and probability underlying modern statistics. We use examples from religion to present alternative views of uncertainty (metaphysical or otherwise) with the goal of enriching our conception of what kind of uncertainties we ought to visualize, and what kinds of people we might be visualizing those uncertainties for.

Ajwad Abrar, Nafisa Tabassum Oeshy, Mohsinul Kabir et al.

Note: This paper includes examples of potentially offensive content related to religious bias, presented solely for academic purposes. The widespread adoption of language models highlights the need for critical examinations of their inherent biases, particularly concerning religion. This study systematically investigates religious bias in both language models and text-to-image generation models, analyzing both open-source and closed-source systems. We construct approximately 400 unique, naturally occurring prompts to probe language models for religious bias across diverse tasks, including mask filling, prompt completion, and image generation. Our experiments reveal concerning instances of underlying stereotypes and biases associated disproportionately with certain religions. Additionally, we explore cross-domain biases, examining how religious bias intersects with demographic factors such as gender, age, and nationality. This study further evaluates the effectiveness of targeted debiasing techniques by employing corrective prompts designed to mitigate the identified biases. Our findings demonstrate that language models continue to exhibit significant biases in both text and image generation tasks, emphasizing the urgent need to develop fairer language models to achieve global acceptability.

Edited by Tessai Hayama, Takayuki Ito, Takahiro Uchiya et al.

This volume presents the proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Knowledge, Information and Creativity Support Systems (KICSS 2025), held in Nagaoka, Japan, on December 3-5, 2025. The conference, organized in cooperation with the IEICE Proceedings Series, provides a multidisciplinary forum for researchers in artificial intelligence, knowledge engineering, human-computer interaction, and creativity support systems. The proceedings include peer-reviewed papers accepted through a double-blind review process. Selected papers have been recommended for publication in IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems after an additional peer-review process.

Nikolić Zoran R., Spasojević Čedo

The thought of Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527) in the history of political ideas is regarded as the beginning of modern political theory, which abandons the classical Socratic view of politics condensed in the virtue of citizens as the foundation of the polis (the state), as well as the medieval Christian worldview of Thomas Aquinas, where the state and politics are subordinated to religion and Christian morality. Politics becomes distinguished as public as opposed to private, and into political theory Machiavelli introduces the concepts of power, force, strength, and violence as legitimate political notions-a kind of Copernican turn away from the classical political theory of antiquity, where "trust in mute force, which the ancient Greeks considered a non-political instrument…" (Tadić, 1996: 56), now becomes axiomatic. In political reality, new rules apply-the virtuous citizen is replaced by homo politicus. Machiavelli, in the reality of politics, analyzes concrete political phenomena from the perspective of realism and the application of the empirical method. Among other things, Machiavelli says that "many have imagined republics and principalities that never actually existed" (Machiavelli, 2012: 65). Machiavelli's concept of the state and power is founded on the experience of the Florentine friar Savonarola and the famous dictum that unarmed prophets have failed: "It is necessary to know that there are two ways of fighting: by law and by force" (Machiavelli, 2012: 73). In The Prince, Machiavelli emphasizes that "there can be no good laws without a good army, and where there is a good army, there must be good laws" (Machiavelli, 2012: 53). In this paper we analyze the concept of a "good army" in Machiavelli as an unclear and disputable term. By applying methods of content and discourse analysis of Machiavelli's works, we will demonstrate his understanding of a good army within the framework of his theoretical innovation, his new method, through the research question of whether it means a well-armed army, a standing army of monarchical states (France, Spain), the adventurer companies, compagnie di ventura, hired by Italian city-states, or an army that, in the spirit of Augustine, wages war in good faith-or something else? Machiavelli criticizes mercenary warfare and introduces the notion of an armed people, a citizen militia, into his teaching. We will explain the concept of the armed people through his republicanism, his view of the people as the pillar of preserving the state, of the political community in freedom, and the category of friendship between ruler and people. In addition, the paper will address the reach of Machiavelli's idea of the "good army" in the political thought and practice of contemporary society, namely, how far his idea corresponds with the concept of total defense, which in various forms is practiced in a number of states around the world.

J. Frazer

Liliane Lins-Kusterer, Nicolle Melo Vieira, Carlos Brites

Abstract Background Despite the critical importance of humanized healthcare for transgender individuals, no existing measures specifically assess care humanization for this population. The Transgender Health Care Humanization Scale (THcH Scale) was developed to address this gap, yet it initially lacked confirmatory validation. This study validates the Transgender THcH scale for evaluating healthcare providers’ sensitivity towards transgender patients. Methods This study involved 443 healthcare professionals and students from a public university and associated hospital. Participants were divided randomly into two groups for Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity, EFA confirmed data suitability for factor analysis. Factors were identified using parallel analysis with an oblique Promax rotation to allow for inter-factor correlations. The internal consistency of the factors was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. CFA was performed using Maximum Likelihood estimation, with goodness-of-fit evaluated by multiple indices. The THcH Scale’s divergent validity was assessed through Spearman’s correlation analysis with the Duke University Religion Index (DUREL). Results Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses confirmed the scale’s two-factor structure with excellent psychometric properties, including high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.8) and good fit indices (χ²/df = 1.74, CFI = 0.972, TLI = 0.964, GFI = 0.989, RMSEA = 0.069, SRMR = 0.043). Divergent validity was established through moderate correlations with the DUREL index. Conclusions The THcH scale is a reliable and valid tool for promoting sensitivity and awareness among healthcare professionals, thereby enhancing healthcare access and quality for the transgender population. Further research should expand its application to primary care and diverse populations and settings.

Mohammad Jawwad Yusnan, Linamalini Mat Nafi, Nurin Zahidah Ahmad Zainuddin

Nowadays, Malaysians regardless of ages, faiths, and ethnicities are interested in learning Arabic. Research conducted by Che Radiah & Masittah (2011) indicates that children, teenagers, adults, and even the elderly have demonstrated the ability to acquire Arabic, either through formal or informal means. Arabic may be studied not only in classrooms and higher education institutions, but also at mosques, suras, public and private Arabic education facilities, etc. Muhammad Sabri (2015) asserts that the Arabic language is fundamental to every Muslim worshiper. It is unsurprising that one of the primary motivations for individuals taking an Arabic language course is to enhance their understanding and deepen their knowledge of religion. This study was conducted to analyze the Arabic language teaching methodology in several Arabic language study centers in Malaysia as well as the factors of Arabic language learning among course participants.. This study applied qualitative study with an interview method. It is anticipated that the study's findings will assist curriculum designers in creating student-centered modules.