Hasil untuk "Bibliography. Library science. Information resources"

Jiangen He, Wen Lou

This study provides the first comprehensive empirical mapping of how organizational structures and research portfolios co-occur across U.S. Library and Information Science (LIS) schools. Analyzing 14,705 publications from 1,264 faculty members across 44 institutions (2013--2024), we employ computational methods including word embeddings and topic modeling to identify 16 distinct research themes organized into three foundational dimensions: Library and Knowledge Organization (LKO), Human-Centered Technology (HCT), and Computing Systems (CS). Our mixed-method analysis reveals significant differences in research composition across organizational types: Computer-affiliated schools cluster tightly in computationally-intensive research and differ significantly from all other school types, while independent Information schools demonstrate the greatest research diversity. Temporal analysis of LIS schools reveals complex evolutionary dynamics: 51.4% are moving toward HCT, 37.8% toward CS, and 37.8% toward LKO, with many schools simultaneously shifting along multiple dimensions. Contrary to narratives of computational dominance, HCT emerged as LIS's primary growth vector. These patterns challenge assumptions about field fragmentation, revealing structured diversification shaped by but not determined by organizational positioning. The study provides empirical foundations for institutional strategic planning, accreditation policy, and understanding LIS's evolving disciplinary identity amid computational transformation.

Olena Politova

The aim of the article is to analyse the content of the research source base concerning the use of digital projects of libraries and archives in the context of training professionals in the information sphere. Research methods. In this study, bibliographic, analytical, problem-thematic and chronological methods are applied, fundamental principles of scientificity and objectivity are used. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the source base related to the use of information content from modern digital projects is studied within the interdisciplinary framework, particularly with regard to the training of higher education seekers in the field of information science. Main conclusons. This article provides a concise overview of the source base of the research dedicated to digital projects of libraries and archives in the context of their implementation in the training process of information sphere professionals. The necessity of a comprehensive research of using informational content from current digital projects in the preparation of higher education applicants in library studies, archival studies and audiovisual arts is argued. It is found that the corpus of sources on the issue of using such projects in the development of science and education includes thesis research, monographs, textbooks, practical manuals, scientific articles, abstract reviews; the authors of these editions and publications prove the socio-cultural significance of digital projects for society, as well as their importance for users and for the professional development of information sphere specialists; a tendency toward strengthening cooperation between information institutions in digitising documents and creating a single platform for presenting electronic resources in a user-friendly format is established. Based on the review of sources, it is grounded that digital projects of archives and libraries have special importance in building an effective and functional system of information education and broad perspectives for use in the educational process: primarily for modernising the content of certain academic programmes and developing students’ digital competencies.

Satyam Mishra, Phung Thao Vi, Shivam Mishra et al.

We introduce SafeRL-Lite, an open-source Python library for building reinforcement learning (RL) agents that are both constrained and explainable. Existing RL toolkits often lack native mechanisms for enforcing hard safety constraints or producing human-interpretable rationales for decisions. SafeRL-Lite provides modular wrappers around standard Gym environments and deep Q-learning agents to enable: (i) safety-aware training via constraint enforcement, and (ii) real-time post-hoc explanation via SHAP values and saliency maps. The library is lightweight, extensible, and installable via pip, and includes built-in metrics for constraint violations. We demonstrate its effectiveness on constrained variants of CartPole and provide visualizations that reveal both policy logic and safety adherence. The full codebase is available at: https://github.com/satyamcser/saferl-lite.

Ghulam Farid, N. Warraich, Sadaf Iftikhar

Digital information security management (DISM) is considered an important tool to ensure the privacy and protection of data and resources in an electronic environment. The purpose of this research is to look into the applications of DISM policies in terms of practices and implementation in academic libraries. It also identifies the challenges faced by academic libraries in applying these DISM practices regarding policy. A systematic literature review was conducted to achieve the objectives of the study. The data were collected from well-known different databases, that is, Library Information Science and Technology Abstracts (LISTA), Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA), IEEE Xplore, Emerald Insight, ACM Digital Library, Scopus, Sage journals, Taylor & Francis, ProQuest, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar. It followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to choose relevant articles with keyword searching. Some academic libraries have developed DISM policies on data protection, data backup, information security (IS) systems, the development of hardware and software, the training of library staff, data protection from malware and social engineering, and data security and privacy. A few libraries have developed a mechanism to protect and secure users’ sensitive data from hackers, viruses, malware and social engineering. Findings indicated that both organisations and users trust libraries due to their strict privacy and data security policies. However, some academic libraries did not adopt and implement DISM policies in their organisations, even though they had written DISM policies. Libraries have been facing issues with the DISM policy on data security and privacy, data backup, IS systems, hardware and software upgrades and technical support of library staff. They also face budgetary challenges and a lack of readiness among librarians to adopt emerging tools and technology such as DISM. Library professionals faced challenges in developing and implementing the DISM policy. For data security and privacy, stakeholders, administrators and library professionals must promote the DISM policy culture in academics. This study is beneficial for library professionals, policymakers, administrators and management to make DISM policies and implement them in their organisation or libraries to secure sensitive, personal data and resources. This article is the first review of DISM policy in academic libraries of its kind and would be useful for information professionals, stakeholders and administrators.

V. Sokolov

The study of issues of the history of the formation and development of branch book printing in the territory of Ukraine is conditioned by the need to study the origins of modern information resources from various branches of natural sciences, as well as insufficient coverage and analytical processing of the array of old prints and manuscripts of the 17th–18th centuries natural and scientific subjects, in particular from the sciences of living nature. The problems of the origin, creation, distribution, and functioning of life sciences publications that were printed on the territory of Ukraine in the 18th century, and the characteristics of their importance as a separate phenomenon in the development of science, culture, and enlightenment in Ukrainian society, have not yet been comprehensively studied. In Viktor Sokolov’s article “Information about living nature and the spread of natural and scientific knowledge in publications and manuscripts in Ukraine in the 18th century” on the basis of the analysis of primary sources and materials of scientific publications, the peculiarities of the development of natural and scientific book printing in the territory of Ukraine, the formation of the repertoire of publications and the functioning of books from various branches of science about living nature in the 18th century are highlighted. Not pretending to fully study all aspects of the study of publications and manuscripts about living nature in Ukraine in the 18th century, the author set the main goal of researching the historical conditions of their creation, distribution and functioning; to determine the main trends and features of the development of book printing of works that described and characterized the phenomena of living nature, as well as to reveal the significance of individual books of the proposed topic in the scientific and cultural and educational development of Ukraine in the 18th century. The research methodology consists in applying both general scientific study methods (description, comparison, analogy, deduction, induction, analysis, etc.) and historical (historical-comparative, historical-typological, chronological, etc.) research methods. The functional method was used in the study of the role of the natural science book and the activity of printers. The study of the book publishing repertoire was carried out using analytical-thematic and structural-typological methods. Statistical and bibliographic methods were also used in the work, which helped to consistently reveal the functions and dynamics of books that provided information from various branches of life sciences. The scientific novelty of the work is that, for the first time, an array of publications and manuscripts on living nature sciences, which were created or functioned on the territory of Ukraine in the 18th century, was analyzed; the genre-typological and thematic composition of the mentioned publications was investigated (on the example of the characteristics of individual books of the mentioned topic, their content, composition of authors, polygraphic design, centers of creation, etc. were analyzed); the functional purpose and features of the use of books from various branches of life science are characterized; their importance in the spread of natural and scientific knowledge and enlightenment in Ukraine in the 18th century is clarified. Conclusions. It was established that the socio-practical needs of everyday life, education, science, and cultural development prompted the emergence and distribution of natural science books, in particular on the sciences of living nature, and industry book printing in general, simultaneously contributing to the formation of various branches of natural sciences, including from biology (for example, such as physiology, microbiology, histology, etc.), determined their further development in the future. It has been proven that book printing from certain branches of scientific and practical activity, in particular from medicine, veterinary medicine, and economics, had a greater demand than other publications on natural and scientific topics and almost always brought profit to the publishers. Works from the specified fields of knowledge, which had information from various branches of life sciences, were willingly published by printing houses of educational institutions, monasteries, official and private printing houses, because, in addition to profit, there was an acute practical necessity and a certain social need in their printing. It was found that, despite the fact that the majority of books on this topic corresponded to the nature of local needs, some publications are gaining international importance (for example, the works of J.-K. Gaur, J. A. Wolstein, etc.). It is substantiated that on the territory of Ukraine in the 18th century publications that contained information from various branches of wildlife sciences were designed for a wide range of readers: students, teachers, specialists and educated people of the Ukrainian population at that time; they were distinguished by an accessible, popular presentation of the material, a practical orientation, and a breadth of coverage of the material. Among natural and scientific publications, by genre and typological features, the largest number is recommendation and practical advisors. A certain number of publications can be classified as educational and scientific literature. It was found that in the second half of the 18th century in Ukraine, works on botany, zoology, and other living nature sciences by researchers such as Malpighi, Bachmann, Haller, Buffon, Linnaeus, etc. were read by scientists, teachers, students, cultural and educational figures, and the educated population. However, books were the most common among natural science works at that time from medicine and veterinary medicine. Among the medical publications that were printed in Ukraine in the 18th century, in addition to medical advisors, the most published works dealt with the treatment of smallpox, measles, apoplexy, various infectious diseases, and obstetrics. Among publications on veterinary medicine, printers gave more preference to works on horse breeding. It has been proven that natural science books in Ukraine in the 18th century, in particular from various branches of living nature sciences, were one of the most important factors in the development of scientific thought, changes in people’s worldview, and had a direct impact on real life. It is motivated by the fact that domestic book printing on natural sciences, in particular publications from various branches of life sciences, satisfied public needs in this literature and, in part, reflected the level of development of one or another branch of science in Ukraine. It was revealed that in the 18th century in Ukraine, scientific research in various branches of science about living organisms was reduced mainly to the accumulation and description of various information about the flora and fauna of the country. In particular, industrial and hunting animals, agricultural pests, economic and medicinal plants were studied, the description and characteristics of which had a practical direction. It was revealed that the thematic and genre-typological syncretism of publications reflected the corresponding state of development of science, a certain uncertainty of the target purpose, however, with the development of production, various spheres of education, science and social and practical activities of people, the development of the very types, types and genres of publications gradually took place. However, among natural and scientific publications of the 18th century, due to the syncretism of genre-typological features, it becomes problematic to separate, for example, scientific works from textbooks. Moreover, in such sciences as medicine and veterinary medicine, where there was a lot of information from various branches of knowledge about living nature, most printed books were at the same time practical advisors, since it was the practical needs of life that prompted the development, for example, such branches of living nature sciences as physiology, microbiology, histology, etc. It was established that in the 18th century progressive scientists of Ukraine were aware of the achievements of science in the same way as the cultural figures of Western Europe. In the original, they got acquainted with the works of Buffon, Linnaeus, Newton, Galileo, Copernicus, Leibniz and other European scientists, as evidenced by the catalogs of libraries of educational institutions and monasteries, descriptions of book collections of private individuals (scientists, teachers, Cossack elders, etc.), letters and other documents. If by the 18th century scientific literature entered Ukraine in the form of translations made in Poland into Latin or Polish, already from the second half of the 18th century, new cultural currents and scientific achievements of advanced European countries begin to spread much faster in Ukraine in the form of works in the original language than in the previous period. Of course, due to the lack of independence and certain historical conditions that developed in the country in the 18th century, the distribution of the latest Western European publications, to a certain extent, «compensated» for the insufficient development of science, education, and natural science book printing in Ukraine compared to the advanced countries of Europe.

M. Simon, O. Polishchuk

Purpose. To provide a thematic bibliographic list of scientific publications that highlight the peculiarities of the biology and cultivation of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca Linnaeus, 1758) in Ukraine and the world.Accordingly, to combine classical and modern scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists. Methodology. The bibliographic core of this list consists of sources available in the library of the Institute of Fisheries of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine or available on the Internet. The latter, in the vast majority, are represented by works with a high level of citation and availability of open, mostly open access to their full-text versions. Holistic and selective methods formed the methodological basis of creating the list. An interdisciplinary approach was used to select and organize the sources in the list, which involved the use of analytical and systematic principles. Findings. A thematic bibliographic list of 158 sources of Ukrainian and foreign authors is presented. Sources are presented in alphabetical order by author or title and are formatted in accordance with the requirements of the State Standard of Ukraine (STSU 8302:2015 “Information and documentation. Bibliographic reference. General provisions and rules of drafting” with amendments — UKND code 01.140.40) and APA style, which is one of the most well-known international standards. The highlighted works are published mainly in Ukrainian and English, and provide an opportunity to follow the development of scientific opinion regarding the peculiarities of the biology and cultivation of pikeperch, starting from the 60s of the XX century. until 2023 inclusive. Practical Value. This thematic bibliographic list can be used in educational, research, organizational and other types of work aimed at the rational use of aquatic live biological resources in general and the preservation of pikeperch populations in particular. With the help of studying the sources highlighted in it, it is possible to increase the efficiency of work with pikeperch in natural and artificial conditions. Keywords: pikeperch (Sander lucioperca Linnaeus, 1758), aquaculture, reservoirs, reproduction, feeding, commercial fish stock, biotechnology, cultivation, population.

Jean-Sébastien Sauvé, Madelaine Hare, Geoff Krause et al.

The aim of the Canadian publications in Library and Information Science (LIS) database is to help break down the silos in which the two main target audiences - LIS faculty members and academic librarians - conduct their research. As part of a larger project entitled "Breaking down research silos", we created a database of research contributions by Canadian LIS researchers (academics and practitioners). This was motivated by a desire to make research by Canadian LIS scholars and practitioners more visible and foster collaboration between these two groups. The aim of this paper is to introduce the database, describe the process through which it was created, provide descriptive statistics of the database content, and highlight areas for future development.

Zhiwei Liu, Weiran Yao, Jianguo Zhang et al.

The booming success of LLMs initiates rapid development in LLM agents. Though the foundation of an LLM agent is the generative model, it is critical to devise the optimal reasoning strategies and agent architectures. Accordingly, LLM agent research advances from the simple chain-of-thought prompting to more complex ReAct and Reflection reasoning strategy; agent architecture also evolves from single agent generation to multi-agent conversation, as well as multi-LLM multi-agent group chat. However, with the existing intricate frameworks and libraries, creating and evaluating new reasoning strategies and agent architectures has become a complex challenge, which hinders research investigation into LLM agents. Thus, we open-source a new AI agent library, AgentLite, which simplifies this process by offering a lightweight, user-friendly platform for innovating LLM agent reasoning, architectures, and applications with ease. AgentLite is a task-oriented framework designed to enhance the ability of agents to break down tasks and facilitate the development of multi-agent systems. Furthermore, we introduce multiple practical applications developed with AgentLite to demonstrate its convenience and flexibility. Get started now at: \url{https://github.com/SalesforceAIResearch/AgentLite}.

N. Mazov, V. Gureyev

Natalia Cheradi

The article describes the objectives of university libraries in the current context of the development of higher education in the Republic of Moldova. The library is an important part of the university infrastructure; it contributes to the development of education and science by satisfying the informational needs of users, capitalizing on document collections and modern informational resources. The current challenges in the operation of university libraries influence the quality of basic activities: acquisition of documents and resources, organization and use of collections, bibliographic and documentary information activity, cataloguing-classification activity, provision of information services, user training, etc. The place of the scientific library in the process of education and research in higher education institutions is determined by the degree of exploitation of the informational potential of the library and the accessibility of information, documents, services and resources. The library, without adequate support at the level of policies, regulations, funding, must adapt on the fly to the new social-economic realities. In order to continue implementing the mission of providing relevant information and services to its users, the university library must be connected to the trends of evolution manifested in the technological environment, while preserving the completeness of traditional functions and activities.

Tai Le Quy, Gunnar Friege, Eirini Ntoutsi

Ensuring fairness is essential for every education system. Machine learning is increasingly supporting the education system and educational data science (EDS) domain, from decision support to educational activities and learning analytics. However, the machine learning-based decisions can be biased because the algorithms may generate the results based on students' protected attributes such as race or gender. Clustering is an important machine learning technique to explore student data in order to support the decision-maker, as well as support educational activities, such as group assignments. Therefore, ensuring high-quality clustering models along with satisfying fairness constraints are important requirements. This chapter comprehensively surveys clustering models and their fairness in EDS. We especially focus on investigating the fair clustering models applied in educational activities. These models are believed to be practical tools for analyzing students' data and ensuring fairness in EDS.

Balaram Panda

Data Science is a modern Data Intelligence practice, which is the core of many businesses and helps businesses build smart strategies around to deal with businesses challenges more efficiently. Data Science practice also helps in automating business processes using the algorithm, and it has several other benefits, which also deliver in a non-profitable framework. In regards to data science, three key components primarily influence the effective outcome of a data science project. Those are 1.Availability of Data 2.Algorithm 3.Processing power or infrastructure

M. S. Rafeeva

The purpose of the article is to reveal the functional features of the Republican Library for Science and Technology of the Republic of Belarus as the main information structure ensuring the innovative activity of the country. In the modern conditions, the successful development of science and technology is one of the factors of national security. Achievement of the set government tasks is impossible without systematic analytical study of patents, scientific and technical literature, as well as technical normative legal acts. The necessary information base has been established in Belarus, which is located in the Republican Library for Science and Technology, which is the largest center of information on science and technology and the only one of the republican libraries of Belarus with its regional structure. Regional scientific and technical libraries operate as branches in each of the region centers. In each regional center there work, statured as branches, regional libraries for scientific and technical literature, which provide equal access to library resources for users from different parts of the country. One of the main tasks of RLST and its regional branches is library and information-bibliographic servicing enterprises, organizations and institutions of the republic – their collective subscribers. Since its establishment and for 45 years of its history, RLST has been providing information support for the scientific and technical sphere of Belarus, being the state repository of patents, the depository of technical normative legal acts and other documents in the field of standardization, industrial catalogs, scientific and technical publications, providing access to national and international resources, actively using electronic services in its work. The article briefly describes the contribution of RLST staff to the study of the history of invention in Belarus. Examples of resources created on the basis of case studies are given. Working with children and youth to increase their interest in scientific and technological activities and to promote the ideas of sustainable development in Belarus is one of the new vectors of RLST educational work.

Tim Gorichanaz

Introduction. Hope is a positive attitude oriented toward a possible (yet uncertain), desired outcome. Though hope is a virtue, hopelessness is widespread and seems related not only to current events but also to information about current events. This paper examines how hope can be sparked through information. Method. This study uses the philosophical methods of conceptual analysis and design to advance a theoretical argument. Analysis. First, a conceptualization of hope is offered, drawing on work primarily in virtue ethics. Then, four types of information sources for hope are theorized, building on and synthesizing work from philosophy and psychology. Results. Four categories of information source conducive to hopefulness are identified: information for forming beliefs about the past or future; information for engaging the moral imagination regarding possibilities for the future; information for sparking desire for particular moral outcomes; and information for metacognition, or about how we become informed with respect to hope. Conclusions. Hope is, in many cases, responsive to information. This suggests a moral opportunity for information professionals and scholars to work toward connecting people with information for hope, particularly in difficult times. Avenues for further research, particularly in information behavior and practices, are suggested.

I. Pavlichenko

The article discusses the issues of popularization of scientific knowledge on the basis of public libraries. The author substantiates the importance of library and information institutions in the process of spreading scientific knowledge among wider population. The article considers the problematic aspects and tasks of libraries in the direction of improving the scientific literacy of users.The author characterizes the project “Information-Communication Platform for the popularization of Science”, developed by specialists of the Mikhail Lermontov Interdistrict Centralized Library System (St. Petersburg), which covers a wide range of scientific areas providing a general overview of topics and more specific information for those who wish to obtain in-depth sight into a particular subject area. Special attention is paid to the organizational issues of the implementation of platform: the purpose of creation, the target audience, the basic principles, the main objectives of the project. The article considers the forms of mutually beneficial cooperation in the popularization of scientific knowledge within the framework of the project with partner organizations. The author describes the requirements for the operation of interface. The platform contains three major types of information resources: documentary full-text data bases, bibliographic resources and media resources. The platform anticipates interactive communication of library users — students and representatives of pedagogical community — with well-known scientists for discussing technical developments and achievements of humankind with particular attention to subjects of current interest: pandemic, coronavirus, vaccination. The information-communication platform allows monitoring the interest of young people in various scientific areas. Participation in the project motivates young people to scientific activity, which is one of the basic factors of reproduction of scientific personnel potential.

Charles-Antoine Julien, Banafsheh Asadi, Jesse David Dinneen et al.

Controlled topical vocabularies (CVs) are built into information systems to aid browsing and retrieval of items that may be unfamiliar, but it is unclear how this feature should be integrated with standard keyword searching. Few systems or scholarly prototypes have attempted this, and none have used the most widely used CV, the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), which organizes monograph collections in academic libraries throughout the world. This paper describes a working prototype of a Web application that concurrently allows topic exploration using an outline tree view of the LCSH hierarchy and natural language keyword searching of a real-world Science and Engineering bibliographic collection. Pilot testing shows the system is functional, and work to fit the complex LCSH structure into a usable hierarchy is ongoing. This study contributes to knowledge of the practical design decisions required when developing linked interactions between topical hierarchy browsing and natural language searching, which promise to facilitate information discovery and exploration.

Erdem Bıyık, Aditi Talati, Dorsa Sadigh

Reward learning is a fundamental problem in human-robot interaction to have robots that operate in alignment with what their human user wants. Many preference-based learning algorithms and active querying techniques have been proposed as a solution to this problem. In this paper, we present APReL, a library for active preference-based reward learning algorithms, which enable researchers and practitioners to experiment with the existing techniques and easily develop their own algorithms for various modules of the problem. APReL is available at https://github.com/Stanford-ILIAD/APReL.

Xuecheng Liu, Luoyi Fu, Xinbing Wang et al.

The von Neumann graph entropy is a measure of graph complexity based on the Laplacian spectrum. It has recently found applications in various learning tasks driven by networked data. However, it is computational demanding and hard to interpret using simple structural patterns. Due to the close relation between Lapalcian spectrum and degree sequence, we conjecture that the structural information, defined as the Shannon entropy of the normalized degree sequence, might be a good approximation of the von Neumann graph entropy that is both scalable and interpretable. In this work, we thereby study the difference between the structural information and von Neumann graph entropy named as {\em entropy gap}. Based on the knowledge that the degree sequence is majorized by the Laplacian spectrum, we for the first time prove the entropy gap is between $0$ and $\log_2 e$ in any undirected unweighted graphs. Consequently we certify that the structural information is a good approximation of the von Neumann graph entropy that achieves provable accuracy, scalability, and interpretability simultaneously. This approximation is further applied to two entropy-related tasks: network design and graph similarity measure, where novel graph similarity measure and fast algorithms are proposed. Our experimental results on graphs of various scales and types show that the very small entropy gap readily applies to a wide range of graphs and weighted graphs. As an approximation of the von Neumann graph entropy, the structural information is the only one that achieves both high efficiency and high accuracy among the prominent methods. It is at least two orders of magnitude faster than SLaQ with comparable accuracy. Our structural information based methods also exhibit superior performance in two entropy-related tasks.

A. Antopolsky

The author considers the problem of including unpublished digital scientific documents published on the websites of scientific institutions of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) in the system of library and information services. The paper describes the study of this class of information objects conducted in May — June 2020 on 200 websites of academic institutions of social and humanitarian profile. The author discovered the unpublished scientific materials of socio-humanitarian profile on the websites of 158 institutions; five institutions had no websites or did not work; and 37 websites didn’t have the materials the author was looking for. The research is based on the data included in the Navigator of information resources on social Sciences (NIRON), developed at the Institute of Scientific Information on Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INION RAS). The author proposes classification of unpublished documents, which includes both well-known types of scientific documents, such as dissertations and reports on research work, which processing is regulated, and new types, specific for modern scientific communication, such as overviews on activities of institutions and scientific departments. In total, the described class of unpublished scientific documents consists of 10 types, some of them are divided into subtypes. The paper discloses the quantitative data of the conducted accounting, including distribution of documents by the retrospective depth. For scientific reports, the author made the comparison with the data on reports in the Unified state information system for recording the results of research, development and technological works for civil purposes. The article analyses the specific features of presenting different types of unpublished scientific materials on the websites. The author proposes to include these documents in the service system using the information-reference system. When designing such a system, many controversial issues arise, in particular: the problems of metadata, the choice of subject classification, determination of the exact composition of unpublished digital scientific documents, unification of the retrospective depth, the feasibility of their reworking and editing for unification, inclusion of unpublished documents in bibliographic databases and lists, and the possibility of using them in the anti-plagiarism system. These and other problems require further research and solutions.

Mike Thelwall

Researchers may be tempted to attract attention through poetic titles for their publications, but would this be mistaken in some fields? Whilst poetic titles are known to be common in medicine, it is not clear whether the practice is widespread elsewhere. This article investigates the prevalence of poetic expressions in journal article titles 1996-2019 in 3.3 million articles from all 27 Scopus broad fields. Expressions were identified by manually checking all phrases with at least 5 words that occurred at least 25 times, finding 149 stock phrases, idioms, sayings, literary allusions, film names and song titles or lyrics. The expressions found are most common in the social sciences and the humanities. They are also relatively common in medicine, but almost absent from engineering and the natural and formal sciences. The differences may reflect the less hierarchical and more varied nature of the social sciences and humanities, where interesting titles may attract an audience. In engineering, natural science and formal science fields, authors should take extra care with poetic expressions, in case their choice is judged inappropriate. This includes interdisciplinary research overlapping these areas. Conversely, reviewers of interdisciplinary research involving the social sciences should be more tolerant of poetic license.