Hasil untuk "Banking"

A. Demirguc-Kunt, E. Detragiache

M. Sathye

R. Malaquias, Yujong Hwang

Уалід Тузані, Хамід Еламрані, Мохаммед Лааруссі

The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into banking operations is attracting growing interest worldwide due to its ability to promote efficiency optimisation, risk reduction, and improved profitability. Major markets such as China and India have already demonstrated the positive impact of AI, particularly through intelligent credit scoring and conversational chatbots, thereby enhancing customer satisfaction. However, the Moroccan context remains understudied, despite the banking landscape gradually becoming more digitalised, and there being an urgent need for innovations focused on improving the customer experience in terms of personalisation, trust, and user-friendliness. To address this issue, we will conduct a systematic review of academic literature published between 2020 and 2025, adopting the PRISMA protocol. Focusing our research on Scopus, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore enabled us to identify and select around 30 studies that met our strict criteria (application of AI in banking, financial performance, customer satisfaction measures, etc.). The selected articles were coded and analysed based on their empirical and methodological contributions. The results highlight the beneficial overall effect of AI on banking performance, including profitability, risk management, and operational efficiency, while emphasising the importance of trust and personalisation in improving the customer experience. In Morocco, the scarcity of empirical data makes targeted research necessary in order to assess the concrete impact of AI on local banks and support their digital transformation. In conclusion, this review suggests several areas for future research and offers a framework to inform AI adoption strategies in emerging banking institutions.

Shunbo Yuan, Yong Liu, Ruihong Yao et al.

Lina Kurniawati, Guntur Kusuma Wardana, Muhammad Riza Hafizi

Sharia banking in Asia has experienced rapid asset growth and has become a major contributor to the global Islamic finance industry. However, this asset growth has not always been accompanied by stable profitability due to high operating costs and financing risks. This study aims to examine the FDR, DAR, CAR, CIR, and NPF on ROA in Islamic banking in Asia. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach with panel data regression analysis. The results show that, partially, the variables FDR, DAR, and CAR do not have a significant effect on ROA, while the variables CIR and NPF have a significant negative effect on ROA in Islamic banks in Asia. Simultaneously, all independent variables have a significant effect on ROA in Islamic banks in Asia. This study explains that asset efficiency and quality are important factors that affect the profitability of Islamic banking in Asia. The implication of this study is the need to strengthen financing risk management and improve operational efficiency to maintain the financial performance of Islamic banking.

Farhad Sharifi Bagha, Jafar Haqiqat, Zahra Karimi Takanloo

<p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p style="text-align: left;">The purpose of the current research is to investigate the relationship between the monetary policy shock via exchange rate channel on the management quality index in the banking system within a productivity approach. The current research is applied in terms of its purpose and analytical-descriptive in terms of its method. This study utilizes 96 variables of seasonal time series data that affect the management quality index within the bank productivity framework, one of the critical indicators for assessing the health of the banking system. The analysis covers the period from 1378:1 to 1401:4 and employs the Factor-Augmented Vector Autoregression (FAVAR) model to investigate the effect of monetary policy via exchange rate channel on the management quality index in the banking system. Among the many variables influencing the productivity of the whole bank, which are extracted from the bank's balance sheet, the amount of expenses (financial expenses, administrative and general expenses) and the amount of profit (net investment interest, interest received from foreign currency deposits) were investigated. The results indicated that the monetary policy shock through the exchange rate channel had a significant negative relationship with the selected variables and caused a decrease in the amount of profit and an increase in the amount of expenses, which led to a decrease in the overall productivity of the bank.</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Key Words:</strong> management quality in the banking system, productivity approach, monetary policy shock, exchange rate</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>1.Introduction</strong></p> <p style="text-align: left;">Productivity is one of the concepts of economics and management, which is defined as: "the amount of goods or services produced compared to each unit of energy or labor spent without reducing quality&rdquo;, in other words "effectiveness along with efficiency". In the operational concept, productivity is the ratio between output values ​​and input values ​​used in the production process. In fact, the purpose of productivity is to maximize output and minimize input. On the other hand, one of the most important challenges of the banking system in any economy is its reaction to shocks and economic fluctuations. Any unexpected phenomenon that has an unpredictable effect on economic variables is considered a shock, which can be classified as environmental, external, internal or supply and demand shocks. The adoption of monetary policies is the process by which the central bank or the country's monetary authority controls the supply of money or other monetary variables and imposes fluctuations on the economy as a type of economic policies.</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>2.Literature Review</strong></p> <p style="text-align: left;">Sofin (2005) in a study entitled &ldquo;the source of changes in profitability in commercial banks in developing countries; The case study of the country of Malaysia&rdquo; has investigated the productivity of all production factors in commercial banks in Malaysia during the period from 1998 to 2003 using the Malmquist index. In this study, the interest income of the banks from the place of granting various types of facilities, the amount of loan paid as the bank's income and the volume of various types of bank deposits, labor force and fixed assets of the bank's branches were taken into consideration. In total, the results of this study showed that the productivity of production factors in Malaysian banks decreased by 7% during the period under review. The negative effects of technological changes have been one of the reasons for the decrease in the productivity of banks. In a study, Sanbat (2016) has investigated monetary policy transmission channels in the United States using the FAVAR model and 154 monthly time series variables in the time period from 1970 to 2014. To this end, the effect of monetary policy shock on bank portfolio variables and economic activity variables and the effect of lending on economic activity variables have been investigated. The research findings indicate the existence of a credit channel in America. Also, it was found that the contractionary monetary policy causes a decrease in loan supply, which leads to a dcrease in economic activities. Elborn et al. (2019) in a study aimed at Do SVARs detect unconventional monetary policy shocks? revealed that the used identification schemes fail to recover real unconventional monetary policy shocks in the Eurozone. In their identification schemes, information on the size of the central bank's balance sheet is key to distinguishing monetary policy shocks from other shocks that reduce financial market stress. In the present study, we show that replacing ECB balance sheet size with random numbers leads to statistically indistinguishable shock response functions and time series of abnormal monetary policy shocks. In contrast, using monetary policy shocks identified by forward rate data by Jaroski and Karadi, we argue that unconventional monetary policies have not had a statistically significant effect on real economic activity.</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>3.Methodology</strong></p> <p style="text-align: left;">Regarding the purpose, the present study is applied research, utilizing an analytical-descriptive methodology. The FAVAR or the Factor-Augmented Vector Autoregression model presented by Bernanke, Boivin and Elias (2003) has been used to solve the problems related to the VAR model. Therefore, using 96 variables of seasonal time series data affecting the management quality index within the bank productivity approach which is one of the most important indicators of assessing the health of the banking system, and employing the factor-added empirical model (FAVAR), the effect of monetary policy via the exchange rate channel on the management quality index in the banking system was investigated during the period of 1378:1-1401:4</p> <p style="text-align: left;">In order to investigate the mechanism of the impact of monetary policy shocks via exchange rate channel on the variables affecting the health of the banking system, the two-stage method of principal components was used. Therefore, first, the following equation was estimated without considering the Yt vector, based on which the number of optimal factors was selected. The equation can be written using model variables as follows:</p> <p style="text-align: left;">After determining the number of optimal factors, the equation was estimated. This equation can be shown as follows:</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>4.Result</strong></p> <p style="text-align: left;">The purpose of the current research was to investigate the relationship between the monetary policy shock through the exchange rate channel on the management quality index in the banking system within the productivity approach. Regarding the relationship between the variables, it was expected that the value of each variable from the previous period will have a positive effect on the current value of the variable, in such a way that, for example, an increase in the exchange rate in the past period increases or decreases the variables in the current period. The monetary policy through the exchange rate channel has led to a direct effect on the deposits of the banking network and, as a result, the power to grant facilities and operational income, which, in turn, affects one of the most important indicators of the health of the banking system, which is the management quality index (i.e., productivity). For this reason, fluctuations caused by monetary policy shocks in the exchange rate, as one of the most fundamental factors affecting the health of the banking system, can have a significant negative impact. Thus, the results showed:</p> <p style="text-align: left;">Monetary policy shocks via exchange rate channel have a significant negative impact on the bank's profit.</p> <p style="text-align: left;">Monetary policy shocks via exchange rate channel have a significant positive effect on the amount of expenses in the bank.</p> <p style="text-align: left;">As a result, it can be said that the relationship between the monetary policy shock via exchange rate channel has a negative significant relationship with the management quality index (i.e., productivity).</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>5.Discussion</strong></p> <p style="text-align: left;">In recent years, the exchange rate fluctuations caused by the policies of monetary and financial authorities of the country to pursue different goals and the banking-oriented nature of Iran's economy have caused the optimal management of resources and the ability of bank allocation as well as the resulting revenues to have a great impact on the country's financial performance. One of the most important indicators that can be used to attract bank resources and assess how to use resources (optimal allocation of resources) and incomes, is the productivity index in the discussion of management quality. Productivity is a combination of efficiency and effectiveness. The obtained results indicate that the impact of the monetary policy shock via exchange rate channel has increased over a certain period on the target factors. During this time, the number of changes in the target variables by the variables themselves decreases and the changes in the variables caused by the shock of the exchange rate channel increase. Therefore, monetary policy shocks through the exchange rate channel have a significant negative impact on productivity, and consequently, have a negative impact on the quality index of bank management. Moreover, monetary policy shocks through the exchange rate channel have a significant negative impact on the amount of profit earned in the bank and a significant positive effect on the amount of bank expenses.</p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;</p>

Li Xiaoting, Xue Zexu, Lu Yuqi et al.

Innovation and entrepreneurship are core drivers of high-quality economic development; however, their inherent characteristics, high risk, heavy investment, and slow return, significantly constrain efficiency in the spatial allocation of financial capital. Difficult and expensive financing has long been a key bottleneck restricting the high-quality development of innovation and entrepreneurship in China. As the primary financing channel for enterprises, bank credit efficiency is strongly influenced by geographical distance: Bank-enterprise proximity can alleviate information asymmetry, reduce transaction costs, and ultimately strengthen financial support for innovation and entrepreneurship. However, against the backdrop of rapid digital finance development weakening spatial constraints and continuous government Research and Development (R&D) investment shaping the innovation ecosystem, the impact of bank-enterprise proximity on the quality of urban innovation and entrepreneurship is not a simple linear relationship. Its effectiveness may exhibit heterogeneity with changes in institutional environments and resource conditions. Existing studies have neither fully clarified the internal logic of this nonlinear relationship nor sufficiently addressed the boundary-setting role of government R&D investment. Based on this, from the perspective of financial geography, this study used panel data of 213 prefecture-level and above cities in China from 2003 to 2020. Various empirical methods, including baseline regression, threshold effect modeling, heterogeneity analysis, and robustness tests, were comprehensively applied to systematically explore the impact of bank-enterprise geographical proximity on the quality of urban innovation and entrepreneurship, verify the internal mechanisms of financial support, and identify the threshold effect of government R&D investment. Bank-enterprise proximity significantly promoted the quality of urban innovation and entrepreneurship, and this finding remained robust after controlling for endogeneity. Government R&D investment exerted a significant single-threshold moderating effect on this relationship, with a threshold value of 23.3% (measured as the sum of scientific and educational expenditure as a share of total general public budget expenditure). Only when R&D investment exceeded this threshold did the enabling effect of bank-enterprise proximity became significantly amplified; when investment was insufficient, the effect was insignificant. The level of digitalization also presented a single-threshold characteristic: Below the threshold, traditional bank-enterprise geographical proximity played a dominant role, whereas above the threshold, digital finance supplemented geographical proximity by improving information transmission efficiency and replacing its core position. In terms of heterogeneity, in the context of high R&D investment, the promoting effect of bank-enterprise proximity was the most prominent in eastern regions and in super-large or mega cities, followed by central regions and large cities, while it was relatively weak in western regions and medium and small cities owing to weak economic foundations and insufficient resource agglomeration. Further mechanism tests confirmed that alleviating corporate financing constraints was the key channel through which bank-enterprise proximity operated. The academic value of this study is reflected in three dimensions: First, focusing on the new characteristics of the financial geography structure in the digital era, this study verifies the continued importance of bank-enterprise proximity against the background of weakened spatial constraints, enriching the interdisciplinary research in financial geography and innovation economics. Second, this study is the first to identify the single-threshold moderating effect of government R&D investment, clarifying the boundary conditions of the nonlinear relationship between bank-enterprise proximity and innovation and entrepreneurship quality, and providing new empirical support for reconciling divergent conclusions in existing studies. Third, this study constructs a multi-dimensional integrated analytical framework of "government factor (R&D investment)-technological factor (digitalization)," deepening the systematic understanding of the driving mechanism of urban innovation and entrepreneurship quality. At the practical level, this study provides clear implications for local governments to formulate relevant policies. Governments should shorten bank-enterprise distance by optimizing the spatial layout of bank branches, increase R&D investment to exceed the critical threshold of 23.3%, promote the deep integration of digital finance and traditional banking, and strengthen policy support for central and western regions and for medium or small cities. These measures can jointly enhance the synergistic effectiveness of financial support and government intervention in boosting the high-quality development of innovation and entrepreneurship.

Dayong Zhang, Jing Cai, D. Dickinson et al.

Non-performing loans (NPLs) represent a major obstacle to the development of banking sector. One of the key objectives of the banking sector reforms in China has therefore been to reduce the high level of NPLs. To do so, Chinese regulatory authorities have injected significant capital into the banking system and scrutinized NPLs since 2003. This paper examines the impact of NPLs on bank behavior in China. Using a threshold panel regression model and a dataset covering 60 city commercial banks, 16 state-owned banks and joint-stock banks, and 11 rural commercial banks during 2006–2012, we test whether lending decisions of Chinese banks exhibit moral hazard. The results support the moral hazard hypothesis, suggesting that an increase in the NPLs ratio raises riskier lending, potentially causing further deterioration of the loan quality and financial system instability. Policy implications of findings are evaluated.

Maryam Sheikhi, Mehrdad Rostami, Gordon Ferns et al.

Background: Although genetic mutations in additional sex-combs-like 1 (ASXL1) are prevalent in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), their exact impact on the AML prognosis remains uncertain. Hence, the present article was carried out to explore the prognostic importance of ASXL1 mutations in AML. Methods: We thoroughly searched electronic scientific databases to find eligible papers. Twenty-seven studies with an overall number of 8,953 participants were selected for the current systematic review. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS), and relapse-free survival (RFS) were extracted from all studies with multivariate or univariate analysis. Pooled HRs and p-values were also calculated as a part of our work. Results: The pooled HR for OS in multivariable analysis indicated that ASXL1 significantly diminished survival in AML patients (pooled HR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.342-2.091). Conclusions: ASXL1 mutations may confer a poor prognosis in AML. Hence, they may be regarded as potential prognostic factors. However, more detailed studies with different ASXL1 mutations are suggested to shed light on this issue.

Lidiia Kostyrko, Ruslan Kostyrko , Liudmyla Zaitseva et al.

Based on the analysis of the dynamics of implementation of public-private partnership (PPP) projects in Ukraine, key problems have been identified and its priorities in financial support for the recovery of the native energy sector have been determined. It is appointed that PPP concession agreements are the main mechanisms for attracting investment in the global electric power industry. The expediency of using the concession model on BOT terms for the implementation of large projects in the energy sector is substantiated, which will contribute to the intensification of investment attraction and will allow to distribute risks between the state and business. Recommendations on the formation of an information platform for participants in the implementation of PPP projects on the basis of disclosure of information on the effectiveness of concession operations in accounting and financial statements have been developed. The tools for the formation of the financial mechanism of public-private partnership, where the priority is budget and venture financing, are substantiated. To make decisions on the implementation of PPP investment projects, an approach to assessing the financial support of project initiatives is recommended, the basis of which is the proposed criteria for compliance with financial security, the choice of funding sources, indicators of scenario analysis and efficiency. The proposed methodical approach to assessing the effectiveness of PPP allows us to assess the synergistic effect, which reflects the totality of economic, social and environmental effects. The formulated recommendations for improving the relationship between the state and business will contribute to the intensification of the attraction of private investment resources on the basis of PPPs for the restoration of the energy sector in Ukraine.

Malka Liaquat, Ghina Ahmed, Hina Ismail et al.

With the emergence of a green environment and green business, the banking sector has also enforced green practices. This study aims to explore the impact of motivational factors and green behaviors on the environmental performance of banking sector employees. This is a quantitative study and data has been collected through a cross-sectional survey of the questionnaire in the banking sector. 300 questionnaires were distributed to the bank employees. PLS-SEM was used to find the statistical results. The study finds a positive impact of Extrinsic motivation and Intrinsic motivation on Employee Environmental Performance, the mediating effect of Task-related Green Behaviors was also found to be positive. The study does not support the effect of Voluntary Green Behaviors on Employee Environment Performance and its mediating effect was also not supported. The study findings and deep knowledge of the impact of motivational and behavioral employee environmental performance on banking sector employees have provided new directions for researchers and policymakers. This study will help the policymakers in strategically developing rewarding policies for the employees that would definitely create a positive impact on performance. The results of the study have provided empirical confirmation of employees’ motivational needs and their impact on green behaviors that collectively impact employee environmental performance.

Yuliia Shapoval, Yevhen Bublyk, Sergiy Korablin

The paper builds on the existing literature on monetary policy frameworks, exploring their role in balancing price stability, economic growth, and social equity. The aim is to analyze the influence of macroeconomic, in particular monetary, factors on income inequality in Ukraine. Using annual data from 1999 to 2021, the study employs multiple regression analysis to assess the impact of inflation, unemployment, monetization, and the key policy rate on income inequality. The results indicate that inflation and unemployment significantly contribute to rising inequality, while increased monetization and higher key policy rates reduce it. The findings underscore the need for a monetary policy framework that not only targets inflation but also addresses employment, as unemployment has a delayed yet substantial effect on inequality. Although the negative correlation between monetization and inequality suggests that efforts to curb inflation could inadvertently increase inequality, it also indicates that enhancing financial inclusion through increased liquidity could produce positive redistributive effects. Given the limitations of inflation targeting, including its tendency to overlook employment objectives, delayed effects on inequality, and potential contradiction with financial inclusion goals, a flexible approach to inflation targeting may be a more effective strategy for reducing income inequality in Ukraine.

W. Chaouali, Imene Ben Yahia, Nizar Souiden

F. Boissay, F. Collard, F. Smets

Corina MURAFA, Theodor COJOIANU

The article explores which financial instruments have the highest potential to deliver the transition to a low-carbon economy in Romania, given the structure of the national economy. Based on a Scopus comprehensive query resulting in 364 analysed articles on green and sustainable finance in Romania, the paper fills a research gap by looking not only at stakeholders' perception of this emerging field in Romania or by describing different kinds of green financial instruments, but by analysing which instruments are most likely to have the highest leverage and impact to mobilize finance towards decarbonizing the local economy. The banking sector in Romania accounts for 75% of total financial system assets, total net assets in the Romanian banking sector amounting to approx. 140 bio. EUR and dwarfing the Stock Exchange, bonds, European Structural and Investment Funds, etc. While green bonds have seen double digit growths, green loans and other banking instruments (debt denial, etc.) have the highest potential to decarbonize the national economy most effectively.

Ina Mutmainah, Annisa Apriliantika

Purpose – The present study examines the impact of Islamic corporate governance and social responsibility on financial performance. Methodology – The study was designed with a quantitative approach. Purposive sampling was used in this study. Data were garnered through panel data from annual reports on Islamic banking in Indonesia and Malaysia from 2018 to 2020. The data were analyzed employing the Path Analysis. Findings – Study findings demonstrate that Islamic social responsibility and corporate governance did not significantly impact financial performance. Additionally, disclosing its Islamic ethical identity, Islamic corporate governance had a substantial impact on financial performance. Islamic social responsibility, however, had no impact on financial performance when Islamic ethical identity was disclosed. Implication – The findings offer empirical insights for managing Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia and Malaysia to elevate the application of Islamic corporate governance and social responsibility. This transparently demonstrates the quality of governance and social responsibility of Islamic banking with the disclosure of Islamic ethical identity following the standards applied by Islamic banking affecting stakeholder satisfaction. Originality – This research contributes significantly to the realm of Islamic banking management. It examines the level of stakeholder satisfaction through the enactment of Islamic corporate governance as a form of supervision of management performance, Islamic social responsibility as a form of corporate concern for the surrounding environment and Islamic ethical identity disclosure to promote the image of Islamic banking.

Van Dan Dang, Hoang Chung Nguyen

Purpose ─ The paper empirically explores the conditioning role of loan portfolio diversification in the monetary policy pass-through via the bank lending and risk-taking channels. Methods ─ Data of Vietnamese commercial banks during 2007–2019 is employed to perform regression using the two-step system generalized method of moments in dynamic panel models. For robustness, we approach different choices of monetary policy indicators, ranging from interest-based tools to quantitative-based policy, and consider a rich set of sectoral exposure measures to proxy loan portfolio diversification. Findings ─ Lower interest rates or greater liquidity injection during monetary expansion may increase bank lending and bank risk, thus confirming the working of the bank lending and risk-taking channels of monetary policy transmission. Notably, the potency of these banking channels may be weakened for banks diversifying loan portfolios more into various economic sectors. Implication ─ The findings call for monetary authorities to concentrate on certain types of banks, depending on their loan portfolios when setting monetary policy. When managing banking supervision, banking supervisors should also acknowledge the tradeoff between bank lending and bank risk in response to monetary shocks. Originality ─ For the first time, this paper explores the conditional role of loan portfolio composition and thus further supports the recent upsurge in empirical studies highlighting the role of business models in monetary policy pass-through.

Mahdi Salehi, Grzegorz Zimon, Maryam Seifzadeh

The present study investigates the relationship between management characteristics (managerial entrenchment, CEO narcissism, overconfidence, board effort, real and accrual-based earnings management) and the audit report readability of listed firms. In other words, this paper seeks to answer the question of “whether management characteristics can have a favourable effect on the audit report readability or not.” The multivariate regression model is used for this study. Research hypotheses were also examined using a sample of 1004 observations on the Tehran Stock Exchange during 2012–2018 and by employing multiple regression patterns based on a panel data technique and fixed effects model. The results show a negative and significant relationship between managerial entrenchment and real and accrual-based earnings management and the audit report readability, based on the FOG index, and a positive and significant relationship between management narcissism, CEO overconfidence, and board effort and the audit report readability, based on the FOG index. Moreover, a negative and significant relationship exists between management entrenchment, CEO overconfidence, real and accrual-based earnings management, and audit report readability based on text length and Flesch indices. A positive and significant relationship was evident between CEO narcissism and board effort and audit report readability based on the same indices. Besides, research models were also examined for more confidence using other additional methods, including FE, T + 1, ABB, and GMM, which confirm the study’s preliminary results. Since the present study is the first paper to investigate such a topic in the emergent markets, it provides valuable information about intrinsic and acquisitive characteristics of management for users, analysts, and legal institutions that contribute significantly to financial statement readability.

Daniel Mehrad, S. Mohammadi