ABSTRACT This paper aims to clarify the concept of the “Selection, Tradition, Creation” Exhibition (1941) by the French furniture decorator and architect Charlotte Perriand (1903–1999), to analyze her interpretation of Japanese “folklore” during her one‐year stay in Japan to teach export crafts. Perriand's works (mainly tables, chairs and carpets) exhibited were directly influenced by Japanese folk crafts. However, almost all of them were variations on the prototypes of forms Perriand had developed in France. In other words, Perriand made a shift in materials and techniques (bamboo, straw materials and weaving techniques), a reduction in the size of furniture (a reference to traditional Japanese lifestyle) and a transfer of patterns (Japanese symbolic signs) in order to interpretate the Japanese “folklore” discovered by the modern Japanese through their own forms. It was both a way of understanding Japan and a reflection on her own design methods.
Architecture, Architectural engineering. Structural engineering of buildings
منطقه گرایی در طول بازه زمانی گسترده حضور خود در عرصه معماری رویکردهای متفاوتی داشته به نحوی که از رویکردهای رویکرد شکلی - تاریخی که محوریت هویتی داشتند، به سمت رویکردهای اقلیمی -پدیدارشناسانه متمایل شده، توجه به مباحث اجتماعی، فرهنگی، زیستبوم و ارتباطات انسانی را جایگزین مباحث سبکی، شکلی و زیبایی شناسی نموده است. طی سالهای واپسین قرن بیستم تا به امروز، تئوری معماری منطقهای از منظرهای مختلف گرایشات زیادی گرفته و بسط یافته و با عملکرد خود نیز متناسب تر شده است. لذا با بررسی پیشینه موضوع دیدگاه های ارائه شده از سوی صاحب نظران به ویژه الکساندر زونیس، لیان لفور، لوئیز مامفورد و کنت فرامپتون به منظور تدوین مبانی نظری تحقیق در مورد کنکاش و تدوین قرار گرفته و انواع منطقه گرایی و رویکردهای مختلف آن همراه با مصادیق مربوطه بررسی خواهد شد که به ارائه مدل تحلیلی دیدگاه های منطقه گرایی منتهی می گردد. در این راستا با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی مبتنی بر منطق استدلال استقرایی، از داده های متنی و تجارب معماری، حرکت و با بیرون کشیدن مفاهیم مستتر در آن، به تدریج به سطوح انتزاعی تری از منطقه گرایی دست خواهیم یافت. نتایج مطالعات و تحلیل دیدگاه صاحب نظران و مصادیق معماری معاصر نشان از آن دارد که رویکردهای امروز منطقه گرایی در پی تعدیل اندیشه های تعصب گرایانه و محدودیت آفرین پیشین و تقویت نگرش زیست محیطی و استفاده از مزایای توسعه پایدار می باشند.
Architectural engineering. Structural engineering of buildings
Sonja M. Hyrynsalmi, Grischa Liebel, Ronnie de Souza Santos
et al.
The discipline of software engineering (SE) combines social and technological dimensions. It is an interdisciplinary research field. However, interdisciplinary research submitted to software engineering venues may not receive the same level of recognition as more traditional or technical topics such as software testing. For this paper, we conducted an online survey of 73 SE researchers and used a mixed-method data analysis approach to investigate their challenges and recommendations when publishing interdisciplinary research in SE. We found that the challenges of publishing interdisciplinary research in SE can be divided into topic-related and reviewing-related challenges. Furthermore, while our initial focus was on publishing interdisciplinary research, the impact of current reviewing practices on marginalized groups emerged from our data, as we found that marginalized groups are more likely to receive negative feedback. In addition, we found that experienced researchers are less likely to change their research direction due to feedback they receive. To address the identified challenges, our participants emphasize the importance of highlighting the impact and value of interdisciplinary work for SE, collaborating with experienced researchers, and establishing clearer submission guidelines and new interdisciplinary SE publication venues. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the current state of the SE research community and how we could better support interdisciplinary research in our field.
Hashini Gunatilake, John Grundy, Rashina Hoda
et al.
Empathy, defined as the ability to understand and share others' perspectives and emotions, is essential in software engineering (SE), where developers often collaborate with diverse stakeholders. It is also considered as a vital competency in many professional fields such as medicine, healthcare, nursing, animal science, education, marketing, and project management. Despite its importance, empathy remains under-researched in SE. To further explore this, we conducted a socio-technical grounded theory (STGT) study through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 22 software developers and stakeholders. Our study explored the role of empathy in SE and how SE activities and processes can be improved by considering empathy. Through applying the systematic steps of STGT data analysis and theory development, we developed a theory that explains the role of empathy in SE. Our theory details the contexts in which empathy arises, the conditions that shape it, the causes and consequences of its presence and absence. We also identified contingencies for enhancing empathy or overcoming barriers to its expression. Our findings provide practical implications for SE practitioners and researchers, offering a deeper understanding of how to effectively integrate empathy into SE processes.
Irina IGNATESCU - MANEA, Oana NECULAI, Ana – Maria TOMA
Nowadays, the quality of human life in terms of the human-nature connection is greatly diminished because the activities take place mainly inside buildings. The authors aim to offer a solution for the kindergarten children from temperate climatic regions, especially for children from Romania, to spend more time in contact with nature. Thus, the designed kindergarten is aiming to meet the essential requirements in construction (mechanical resistance and stability; fire safety; hygiene, health and environment; safety and accessibility in operation; noise protection; energy saving and thermal insulation; sustainable use of natural resources) but also to offer beneficiaries direct contact with land and green plants, regardless of season or climatic conditions.
Architectural engineering. Structural engineering of buildings, Engineering design
This article explores the teaching methodologies and theoretical frameworks pertinent to instructing novice car drivers in the applied geometry necessary for maintaining dynamic safe following distances. The study integrates principles from physics, geometry, and psychomotor abilities to provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing safe driving practices. It explores the laws of motion, reaction times, and vehicle dynamics, alongside geometric relationships governing perceived distance and car size. The article also elucidates instructional strategies for novice drivers to develop critical thinking, psychomotor skills, and adaptive behaviours essential for safe distance maintenance.
Architectural engineering. Structural engineering of buildings, Engineering design
The integrated building-bridge structure system represents integrated railway stations in China and has emerged as a new structural approach in recent years. This paper presents a case study on large shaking table tests that explore various seismic responses of a pile group system based on the Kunming South Railway Station. The study focused on the dynamic characteristics of both the soil and the pile-superstructure interaction. Findings indicate that pile damage is concentrated on the side facing the direction of vibration, with the middle pile experiencing greater damage than the corner pile. Hysteresis is observed in the growth of the pore pressure ratio during soil liquefaction in saturated conditions. Both the bending moment and the ground pressure acting on the pile
increase with the degree of liquefaction. The maximum pile bending moment occurs at the interface between liquefied and non-liquefied soil layers. During seismic events, the side piles facing the vibration direction experience increased seismic surcharge, while the central piles are subjected to lower loads due to the isolation effect of the side piles.
Architectural engineering. Structural engineering of buildings, Structural engineering (General)
Induni Mahisha Kumari Vijaya Kumar, Muhammad Sohail Mazhar, Shah Nawaz
Globally, industrial hemp offers consumers with over 25,000 value-added products that are valued at approximately US$4.2 billion of current market value and likely to surpass US$26.6 billion by 2025. In Northern Australia, the industrial hemp sector is at infancy stages of development. Given the suitability of certain Northern Australia’s geographical zones in terms of soil, water, and climate, a study was conducted to identify potential industrial hemp value chains. Probable value chains were developed by characterizing the production to market segments of the supply chains to determine the return on investment and analyzing the capacity of the stakeholders in terms of communication and relationships. Consequently, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of the developed value chains were analyzed. This study collected data from three complementary sources that included review of the literature, results of variety trials evaluation conducted in Northern Australia, and survey of hemp industry stakeholders. Results suggested that Northern Australia offers conducive growing conditions for hemp that allows for the development of three value chains including seed, fiber and silage. The research recommended ongoing investment in the industry through engagement of public and private sector while focusing on further establishment of the industry.
Architectural engineering. Structural engineering of buildings, Structural engineering (General)
Sayan Chatterjee, Ching Louis Liu, Gareth Rowland
et al.
The increasing popularity of AI, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), has significantly impacted various domains, including Software Engineering. This study explores the integration of AI tools in software engineering practices within a large organization. We focus on ANZ Bank, which employs over 5000 engineers covering all aspects of the software development life cycle. This paper details an experiment conducted using GitHub Copilot, a notable AI tool, within a controlled environment to evaluate its effectiveness in real-world engineering tasks. Additionally, this paper shares initial findings on the productivity improvements observed after GitHub Copilot was adopted on a large scale, with about 1000 engineers using it. ANZ Bank's six-week experiment with GitHub Copilot included two weeks of preparation and four weeks of active testing. The study evaluated participant sentiment and the tool's impact on productivity, code quality, and security. Initially, participants used GitHub Copilot for proposed use-cases, with their feedback gathered through regular surveys. In the second phase, they were divided into Control and Copilot groups, each tackling the same Python challenges, and their experiences were again surveyed. Results showed a notable boost in productivity and code quality with GitHub Copilot, though its impact on code security remained inconclusive. Participant responses were overall positive, confirming GitHub Copilot's effectiveness in large-scale software engineering environments. Early data from 1000 engineers also indicated a significant increase in productivity and job satisfaction.
Case studies are a popular and noteworthy type of research study in software engineering, offering significant potential to impact industry practices by investigating phenomena in their natural contexts. This potential to reach a broad audience beyond the academic community is often undermined by deficiencies in reporting, particularly in the context description, study classification, generalizability, and the handling of validity threats. This paper presents a reflective analysis aiming to share insights that can enhance the quality and impact of case study reporting. We emphasize the need to follow established guidelines, accurate classification, and detailed context descriptions in case studies. Additionally, particular focus is placed on articulating generalizable findings and thoroughly discussing generalizability threats. We aim to encourage researchers to adopt more rigorous and communicative strategies, ensuring that case studies are methodologically sound, resonate with, and apply to software engineering practitioners and the broader academic community. The reflections and recommendations offered in this paper aim to ensure that insights from case studies are transparent, understandable, and tailored to meet the needs of both academic researchers and industry practitioners. In doing so, we seek to enhance the real-world applicability of academic research, bridging the gap between theoretical research and practical implementation in industry.
There is an increasing need to assess the correct behavior of self-adaptive and self-healing systems due to their adoption in critical and highly dynamic environments. However, there is a lack of systematic evaluation methods for self-adaptive and self-healing systems. We proposed CHESS, a novel approach to address this gap by evaluating self-adaptive and self-healing systems through fault injection based on chaos engineering (CE) [ arXiv:2208.13227 ]. The artifact presented in this paper provides an extensive overview of the use of CHESS through two microservice-based case studies: a smart office case study and an existing demo application called Yelb. It comes with a managing system service, a self-monitoring service, as well as five fault injection scenarios covering infrastructure faults and functional faults. Each of these components can be easily extended or replaced to adopt the CHESS approach to a new case study, help explore its promises and limitations, and identify directions for future research. Keywords: self-healing, resilience, chaos engineering, evaluation, artifact
Elizabeth Bjarnason, Mirko Morandini, Markus Borg
et al.
The RET (Requirements Engineering and Testing) workshop series provides a meeting point for researchers and practitioners from the two separate fields of Requirements Engineering (RE) and Testing. The goal is to improve the connection and alignment of these two areas through an exchange of ideas, challenges, practices, experiences and results. The long term aim is to build a community and a body of knowledge within the intersection of RE and Testing, i.e. RET. The 2nd workshop was held in co-location with ICSE 2015 in Florence, Italy. The workshop continued in the same interactive vein as the 1st one and included a keynote, paper presentations with ample time for discussions, and a group exercise. For true impact and relevance this cross-cutting area requires contribution from both RE and Testing, and from both researchers and practitioners. A range of papers were presented from short experience papers to full research papers that cover connections between the two fields. One of the main outputs of the 2nd workshop was a categorization of the presented workshop papers according to an initial definition of the area of RET which identifies the aspects RE, Testing and coordination effect.
Many professionals from several disciplines need to cooperate in designing and constructing tall buildings since their design and construction require more complex systems and technologies in terms of structure, installation, facade, vertical circulation and fire systems compared to low-rise buildings. The architects who design tall buildings have to know the architectural and structural design considerations of tall buildings and their interrelations well. This study is expected to reveal the status of tall buildings completed in Turkey and help designers understand architectural forms, floor plans, core planning and structural systems of tall buildings. For this purpose, the factors affecting architectural and structural design were examined, and the relation between the architectural–structural system was revealed for tall buildings completed in Turkey. In order to study architectural and structural considerations, 230 constructed tall buildings in Turkey were selected and analyzed in detail. According to the results of the study, it is seen that the prismatic form is widely used as the building tower form in Turkey, the shear-frame system as the structural system, the residential function as the building function, the single symmetrical central core as the building core, and the rectangular plan as the building floor plan alike.
Abstract Reinforced concrete roof and floor structures have the highest heating temperatures and are exposed to the most difficult conditions during fires that occur in buildings and structures. The standardized fire resistance of hollow-core slabs made of heavy concrete from Portland cement is regulated as REI 45 or REI 60. The aim of the work is to develop a composition of lightweight fire-resistant concrete and architectural engineering for floor slab devices. The composition of lightweight fire-resistant concrete made from expanded clay aggregates and alumina cement was developed as a result of the work. The degree of fire resistance of the lightweight concrete composition with a bulk density of 1475 kg/m3 has been practically determined; i.e., REI 90. The structural solution of the floor slab has been improved; at the same time, we propose to develop a slab with a flat section made of lightweight fire-resistant concrete. Such floor slabs, along with an increase in the fire resistance limit, improve the heat-insulating ability of a floor due to a significant reduction in the coefficient of the thermal conductivity of lightweight concrete.
It was ascertained that investigations on classification of architectural styles for shells and shell structures are absent. Only one published paper is available where architectural styles with indication of dates of appearance of the styles and dates of attenuation of their application are presented and the names of their founders are given. Now, the interest for the design, analysis, and building of thin-walled shells and shell structures is rising. There are no countries without erected shell structures. Hence, it is necessary to make more exact the classification of these erections and the distribution of them into groups. An aim of this work is collection of information about all known architectural styles as applied to shells and shell structures, and grouping of them due to characteristic traits and indications. All architectural styles were divided into five groups, i.e. avant-gardism, art deco style, modernism, ecotech style, and the newest styles. A special scheme, where distribution of architectural styles on these groups is applied to the examined structures, is given. Mutual influence of styles was revealed and presence of architectural directions and style flows in several styles was shown. The conclusions presented in this paper can demand the future accurate definitions and developments because specialists do not have common views to the list of architectural styles and to their classifications.
From the oldest times football, it has become a social phenomenon, being the most famous sport on the planet. Currently in the develop of football infrastructure is necessary to include related and direct activities such as: soccer coach, mass-media, stadium building, etc. Technological progress had also imposed itself on this game area, researching of the new materials and the manufacturing methods for the soccer ball. In this paper is presented the comparative aerodynamic CFD study of three types of ball: smooth sphere ball, Tsubasa and Pelada ball at three air velocity cases. In first part of the paper are presented the state of the art regarding the ball aerodynamics. The second part highlight the forces that act on the ball surface when it is shot by the player and the mathematical k-e standard turbulence model applied in this study. In the third part are establish the airflow regime by calculating the Reynolds number for each velocity case and the boundary conditions and the CFD simulation are done. The results are presented in the fourth part of the paper, comparing the obtained values for each simulation case. The conclusions and discussion regarding this study are presented in the last part of the paper.
Architectural engineering. Structural engineering of buildings, Engineering design
Development of machine learning (ML) applications is hard. Producing successful applications requires, among others, being deeply familiar with a variety of complex and quickly evolving application programming interfaces (APIs). It is therefore critical to understand what prevents developers from learning these APIs, using them properly at development time, and understanding what went wrong when it comes to debugging. We look at the (lack of) guidance that currently used development environments and ML APIs provide to developers of ML applications, contrast these with software engineering best practices, and identify gaps in the current state of the art. We show that current ML tools fall short of fulfilling some basic software engineering gold standards and point out ways in which software engineering concepts, tools and techniques need to be extended and adapted to match the special needs of ML application development. Our findings point out ample opportunities for research on ML-specific software engineering.
The Princeton Research Software Engineering Group has grown rapidly since its inception in late 2016. The group, housed in the central Research Computing Department, comprised of professional Research Software Engineers (RSEs), works directly with researchers to create high quality research software to enable new scientific advances. As the group has matured so has the need for formalizing operational details and procedures. The RSE group uses an RSE partnership model, where Research Software Engineers work long-term with a designated academic department, institute, center, consortium, or individual principal investigator (PI). This article describes the operation of the central Princeton RSE group including funding, partner & project selection, and best practices for defining expectations for a successful partnership with researchers.
ABSTRACT Mass timber represents a range of composite materials, including glued- or nail-laminated timber, cross-laminated timber, laminated veneer lumber, and mass plywood panels that are increasingly used to construct multi-story structures. The potential of these wood materials has energized the architectural and engineering communities as they seek less energy-intensive building materials. However, performance optimization of mass timber buildings will require careful consideration of the potential effects of moisture intrusion on performance. This paper reviews the roles of moisture in building performance, discusses the potential effects of moisture on mass timber, outlines steps to limit moisture intrusion and, if this cannot be prevented, discusses possible steps for wood protection. The paper concludes with a call for further collaborative research to better understand the role of moisture in mass timber structural performance.