Hasil untuk "Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying"

Yan WU, Suke WU, Zhiqiang ZHAO

ObjectiveThe low-altitude economy covers low-altitude manufacturing, flight operations, support services and comprehensive service industries, and has the characteristics of spatially three-dimensional, regional dependence, digital ecology, industrial integration and radiation driving. With the continuous development of digitization and informatization, these characteristics increasingly affect the interaction between low-altitude activities and urban and natural environments, which provides new ideas for the development of landscape architecture, and the coordinated development of the two is an important issue in the transformation of landscape architecture.MethodsThe knowledge map method was used to analyze the research status of environmental low-altitude economy at home and abroad. By combing and reading relevant literature at home and abroad, the research trends of low-altitude economy in logistics, aviation, ecological monitoring and other fields were systematically analyzed by reviewing literature research, case studies and comparative analysis. ResultsBy analyzing the domestic and foreign research, the internal mechanism of the cross research between landscape architecture and low-altitude economy is revealed four aspects. In the aspect of technology application, low-altitude aircraft tend to be transformed from perception tools to "design intelligence" which can guide ecological design and space construction. In the aspect of spatial planning, landscape architecture will realize the spatial transformation from plane extension to three-dimensional reconstruction under the development of low-altitude economy. In the aspect of ecological impact, the research focus has changed from identifying environmental risks by using low-altitude facilities to systematic assessment and control of ecology. In the aspect of humanistic experience, the combination of low-altitude economy and cultural narrative has further stimulated the vitality of landscape architecture discipline. It is found that under the influence of low-altitude economy, the development of landscape architecture faces some new problems, such as imperfect policies and regulations, insufficient adaptability of spatial planning system, systematic lack of ecological protection, technical bottleneck restriction, homogenization dilemma of cultural and tourism integration, including lack of unified standards for low-altitude facility design, traditional two-dimensional planning being difficult to meet the needs of air-space coordination, ecological destruction caused by noise and habitat disturbance, lack of ecological protection system, etc. There are technical bottlenecks in data processing and flight stability; homogenization of tourism products, focusing on tourism over cultural innovation. In order to promote the coordinated development of the two, this paper puts forward the implementation path of the integration of low-altitude economy and landscape architecture: to ensure the adaptation of policies and regulations, to improve policies and regulations and technical standards, to formulate low-altitude greening design and ecological evaluation standards, and to lay a foundation for the integration of landscape architecture and low-altitude economy; Conduct spatial value evaluation, clarify the use, development subject and income distribution mechanism of each low-altitude area, promote the market-oriented operation of public resources, and use unmanned aerial vehicles to carry out ecological background analysis and evaluate the ecological carrying capacity of low-altitude activities; Conduct functional compound planning, make landscape architecture break through the limitation of traditional ground perspective, bring low-altitude airspace into the vertical space system of landscape architecture, add low-altitude related infrastructure in the garden, and realize efficient coordinated utilization of airspace and ground resources; In ecological service monitoring, we should increase the investment in R&D of UAV technology, low-altitude aircraft noise reduction technology, flight safety guarantee technology, etc., improve the intelligent level of landscape architecture monitoring and management, and establish a new ecological assessment mode; Promote the integrated development of culture and tourism, break through the homogenization dilemma from three dimensions of cultural empowerment, spatial differentiation and experience depth, and integrate garden cultural elements into low-altitude experience links, to improve the overall operation effect. ConclusionBased on the research, we have drawn conclusions in three aspects. 1) The global low-altitude economy industry will become the next development hotspot, and it should accelerate the integration with transportation logistics, cultural tourism and other formats, expand more application scenarios, promote the integration of landscape architecture and related industries, and activate the new vitality of landscape architecture. 2) Green space and parks in cities will become important carriers for low-altitude transportation in the future, and planning and design of low-altitude composite public space will be the focus of research, and research will move from two-dimensional garden aesthetic space to three-dimensional traffic spatial pattern. 3) The development of unmanned aerial vehicle and related technologies provide refined intelligent solutions for intelligent garden management, and low-altitude monitoring data provide new tools for ecological value assessments of gardens, significantly improve ecological monitoring and management levels.

Mateus F. Rocha Maia, Gisela Barcellos de Souza

O rio Paraopeba, afluente do São Francisco, desempenhou um papel fundamental nas expedições paulistas pelas futuras terras de Minas Gerais nas últimas décadas do século XVII. Inicialmente, a região do médio Paraopeba foi alvo da busca pelo ouro, mas desenvolveu um caráter agropecuário em parte do período colonial e imperial. No entanto, no início do século XX, a construção da Variante do Paraopeba pela Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil (EFCB) transformou a dinâmica do território, que antes funcionava fora do controle direto das administrações centrais. Com base na visão holística do território de Saverio Muratori (1967), este estudo reavalia os efeitos da ferrovia na reversão das estruturas de longa duração observadas em duas cachoeiras deste rio e em ruínas presentes na paisagem. São analisados a rota de exploração (1670-1690) e quatro períodos morfológicos distintos: a colonização inicial (1690–1730), a distribuição de sesmarias (1730–1810), a estagnação e transição para a mineração de ferro (1810–1910) e a era ferroviária (1910–1940). Nos anos que se seguiram, enquanto a ocupação do fundo de vale era incentivada, os empreendimentos mineradores se estabeleceram em cotas superiores. Essa dupla condição estrutura parte dos dilemas entre as ocupações e o avanço da mineração na contemporaneidade.

Alejandro Guerrero Hurtado

El artículo analiza una de las modalidades de urbanización periférica agenciadas por el capital financiero-inmobiliario en la sabana de Bogotá: el macroproyecto de interés social nacional Ciudad Verde. Tomando como base el estudio de la variación de precios de la vivienda nueva en cada etapa de desarrollo del macroproyecto, se busca demostrar la consolidación paulatina de un esquema de especulación inductiva para la formación de rentas urbanas de magnitud creciente entre 2010 y 2020. Para esto, en la primera parte se considera la formación histórica del capital financiero-inmobiliario en Colombia, aportando elementos para su delimitación conceptual. En la segunda parte, se aborda el proceso de consolidación urbanística de Ciudad Verde por etapas y se subraya el papel del Estado en la configuración de rentas urbanas. En la última parte, se presenta una síntesis teórica en dos momentos: la imbricación aditiva de la estructura de rentas en el macroproyecto, que explica el auge de los precios de la vivienda por encima de la inflación y, en segundo lugar, la distribución espacial de dicha estructura, que ofrece pistas sobre las próximas fases de expansión de la frontera urbana en el área de estudio.

Gonzalo José López Garrido

Resumen La segunda mitad del Siglo XX en Estados Unidos supuso la puesta en marcha de una serie de iniciativas federales que distribuyeron fondos para el desarrollo suburbano y de infraestructura, dejando los tejidos urbanos de las ciudades deteriorados y a sus barrios diezmados en población y sin recursos, provocando el surgimiento de iniciativas que han asumido el autodesarrollo de proyectos empleando una amplia gama de enfoques participativos como metodología. Esta intersección entre una urgente crisis urbana y una metodología con gran potencial para el urbanismo conforma el marco histórico y teórico en el que se desarrolla este trabajo. Partiendo de la pregunta: ¿Es posible generar impacto urbano con la implementación de metodologías participativas como parte fundamental del proyecto de diseño y planificación urbana?, se examinan estas iniciativas, estableciendo una genealogía de modelos de participación ciudadana que suponen un marco común para analizar la participación en urbanismo. La investigación busca aportar una serie de estrategias de las cuales el urbanista pueda disponer a la hora de realizar su trabajo con una comunidad, y redefinir su papel como el agente capaz de gestionar procesos de diseño participativos y mediar entre la comunidad y las instituciones en la realización de un proyecto urbano.AbstractThe second half of the 20th century in the United States saw the implementation of a series of federal initiatives that distributed funds to suburban and infrastructure development, leaving the urban fabric of cities deteriorated and their neighborhoods decimated in population and without resources, causing the emergence of initiatives that have assumed the self-development of projects using a wide range of participatory approaches as methodology. This intersection between an urgent urban crisis and a methodology with great potential for urbanism conforms the historical and theoretical framework for this work. From the question: Is it possible to generate urban impact with the implementation of participatory methodologies as a fundamental part of the urban planning and design project? these initiatives are examined establishing a genealogy of citizen participation models that represent a common framework to analyze participation in urban planning and design. The research seeks to provide a series of strategies for the urban planner to use when carrying out their work with a community, and to redefine their role as the agent capable of managing participatory design processes and mediating between the community and the institutions in the realization of an urban project.

Sandra Ines Sánchez

Las epidemias, han impactado desde siempre de manera explosiva e imprevisible. Pero estos procesos de transformación no se producen aislados, ya que esferas enteras de la cultura también pueden realizar sus propias transformaciones o movimientos bajo la forma de cambios graduales, coexistiendo ambos a la vez, y creando nuevas sinergias. Se analizará el escenario actual de pandemia en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires en el que se reforzaron las políticas urbanas neoliberales sobre la base de la violación a todo tipo de derechos, fundamentalmente, de los sectores vulnerables. Con el ASPO, DISPO y la mediatización, la pobreza urbana (que significa inequidades: en los servicios de infraestructura y transporte público, en la calidad de los espacios verdes, en la accesibilidad y disfrute de la ciudad), se fue constituyendo en síntoma de procesos de transformación social y urbana atravesados por lo local y lo global.

Cathy Lisa Schneider

Maria Federica Ottone

A red thread intertwines the narration of the characters who marked the history of architecture in the last century. On the one hand this thread leads to considering the architect as the victim of a “cynical and cheating” world to which he seems inevitably subjected; on the other hand, to reconsidering the role of some important architects who gave architecture a “political” meaning, that went beyond the object of his own production. In demonstrating this thesis, the author of the book resurrects slogans such as «architecture as goods at the service of the capital» or as “supplying” architects (Benjamin) or those who «conform to habit, who wearily repeat the already known», in a sort of servile compliance with laws of capitalism and economics. The text of Biraghi thus tells the story of a discipline, namely that of architecture, through those characters who most represented a way of operating strongly inspired by ideology and criticism of the real world, to find desecrating or clearly utopian forms, despite everything, of reading phenomena and proposing alternative exits. The list of quotes and characters (known and less well known) who represented this nonconformist attitude is very long and this short text would not be enough to underline how thorough the research carried out by the author has been. Contextually the body of the bibliographic apparatus should be pointed out, which attests the importance, within the editorial panorama, of a current of thought linked to the principle of disciplinary “autonomy”, and which makes us understand how much the detachment from reality and its development dynamics has been deliberately planned and achieved. In particular, the figure of Pier Vittorio Aureli is highlighted, and rightly so, as emblematic of a provocative attitude taken to the extreme. The reading of this story is then accompanied into the background by the figure of Manfredo Tafuri, whose quotations always appear very lucid, but a lucidity that sometimes reveals a slight cynicism; as if, having understood the turn that the intellectual architect was taking, he would sit in a corner waiting to watch him die. Death which Tafuri himself clearly announces and which, unfortunately, took place: «the death of architecture as a system of practices, as a profession that traditionally holds at its core the idea of designing and organizing space». Nevertheless, it was not death, but a radical change that has yet to be completed. The awareness arises that the intellectual architect can no longer be allowed to perpetuate his function as a critical observer, without participating by right, and by virtue of his training opened to confrontation and strongly generalist (the schools of architecture have opted for a so-called “fan” training), to the dynamics of reconstruction of his own country. Of course, it is obvious to say that the figure of the architect is inextricably linked to his “political” role, but it is worth reiterating it even in the event that it is posed with a spirit of service. A quote from Giancarlo De Carlo reveals the reasons why architecture hardly interests anyone, clients and much less as “goods”: «it doesn’t interest ordinary people because it doesn’t offer anything that interests their expectations». Therefore, according to a more current orientation and corresponding to the pro-European logic, the “necessity”1 as a “political” category should be re-evaluated today: the need to build and rebuild, the need to change housing models, the need to design open spaces, the need to work socially to sharing our ideas, the need to appropriate new technologies in order to take the role that belongs to us, the need to confront ourselves with current issues: two of which, environment and health. In the final part of the book, the author begins to play in this new reality, trying to extricate himself from the “complexities and contradictions” that emerged at the beginning of the century: division of labor and specialisms, processes, technologies, loss of authorship. What emerges as an interpretation is the split between the figure of the architect-producer and the architect-supplier, the first capable of having a leading position within the design processes, the other as a mere executor of products (goods) within an economic dynamic aimed at satisfying substantially ordinary needs. After all, Cristiano Toraldo di Francia in an interview that traces the years of his militancy as an intellectual architect, disenchantedly affirms that «mass intellectual production is a real thing, in a certain sense utopia has come true»2. What is certain is that the history of architecture had been written through this double register, and looking at the producers alone, we would have missed many architectural works made by supplying architects, without giving up anything of their quality or professional ethicsas their primary objective to respond to people’s expectations, despite the market conditions to which they were subjected. We refer to figures such as Luigi Moretti, Giuseppe Vaccaro, Marcello Piacentini, Mario Fiorentino, Roberto Gabetti and Aimaro Isola, and others who have worked with awareness within a productive logic without giving up shares of quality and professional ethic. A question arises: could the excess of introspective and self-referential analysis have contributed to the loss of interest in architecture?

Foodification Democracy

Gabriele Paolinelli

Marina Rigillo

I Wayan Yogik Adnyana Putra

Ground Zero Monument is a remembrance for Bali bombing attack that took place on October the 12th 2002. Its development however has invited various unanticipated informal activities such as those entail food vendors' effort to sell their products and the use of the surrounding sidewalks as sitting areas by tourists and visitors. These have in subsequence reduced the scale of public space surrounding the Monument and thus hindered the comfort of pedestrians who use the sidewalks. The main objective of this research is to examine behavioral patterns of visitors in using public space available around the Ground Zero Monument. This research applied qualitative descriptive method. It indeed concludes several findings. First, the use of public space surrounding the monument takes place at certain times only. Second, there are two types of behaviors takes place: innate (natural) and imitative behaviors. Reasons behind these behaviors include personal; situational, cultural, and space availability factors. Keywords: behavior, public space, innate, imitative, Ground Zero Monument

Carmem Fátima Casanova, Adalberto Pandolfo, Natalia Hauenstein Eckert et al.

A grande maioria dos parques brasileiros continua irregular, mesmo depois de anos da criação da primeira Unidade de Conservação. As novas regras e leis vigentes ainda não garantem as melhores formas de gestão dessas áreas, que atualmente se apresentam ineficientes na administração e repassadas à população com qualidade ínfima de uso. O objetivo desta pesquisa se baseou em avaliar o sistema de gestão das Unidades de Conservação do tipo Parques Naturais Municipais no norte do Rio Grande do Sul, visando proporcionar um levantamento do seu atual gerenciamento através de um diagnóstico por meio da avaliação de quatro fatores: ambientais, sociais, econômico-financeiros e institucionais. A metodologia de abordagem utilizou questionários aplicados aos gestores e visitas às áreas. Os pontos positivos e negativos em cada um dos parques foram pontuados como forma de compreensão dos problemas, para que ações futuras possam ocorrer de forma eficiente na preservação das áreas protegidas do norte do estado do Rio Grande do Sul.

Mauro Castro-Coma, Marc Martí-Costa

Existe un creciente interés y una emergente literatura académica en los estudios urbanos sobre los comunes y su aplicación. Por un lado, destacan aquellas aportaciones que aplican al ámbito urbano, los estudios de Elinor Ostrom sobre las formas de autogestión de los recursos naturales de uso común. Por el otro, la literatura crítica sobre el neoliberalismo, las nuevas formas de acumulación por desposesión y las resistencias a ellas en forma de movimientos sociales también han abordado los comunes en la ciudad desde diferentes perspectivas de origen marxista. En este trabajo se ordenan y se analizan las contribuciones de ambas aproximaciones, sus puntos críticos, así como sus posibles complementariedades, para avanzar hacia una mejor conceptualización y una futura agenda de investigación sobre los comunes urbanos.

Francesco Casadei, Aldopaolo Palareti

<p>In this paper, we discuss some aspects of the relationship between computer science and historical disciplines, with reference to teaching, dissemination and research on specific topics of urban history, highlighting the support provided by computing resources to study, analysis and presentation of themes of urban landscape history. We consider two case studies: some urban changes in Bologna from 1861 to the reconstruction after World War II, and the role of the tourism in urban history of Rimini from half of 19th century to the present day. This study is part of a larger research and educational project on urban history, with various levels of thematic and technical complexity.</p>

Romano Del Nord

University hospitals are characterized by the coexistence of care, research and training facilities and by the mission to achieve excellent results in the healthcare services provided. These activities, which are respectively subordinate to the Hospitals and University Institutions of Medicine, reach their maximum level of efficiency when programmed and managed with the principles of maximum integration and synergy in organizational, functional and, not least, physical and spatial terms. Based on this knowledge, a group of researchers from the Interuniversity Centre TESIS developed a PRIN research project – this article summarizes its contents and results – aimed at defining the design approach principles on the basis of which to work out innovative solutions to be tested in the creation of Cities of Health, IRCCSs (Scientific Institutes for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care) and Hospitals of excellence.

Pietro Capone

Il tema del presente contributo si inserisce a cavallo di due filoni di studi propri del Construction Management: la Sicurezza Cantieri e la Costruibilità. Per affrontare la questione si fa riferimento ad  un approccio che riconosce un ruolo chiave all’attività progettuale in generale ed, in particolare, alla evoluzione del Progetto Esecutivo in Costruttivo. Il metodo proposto consente, intervenendo sulla rappresentazione grafica degli elaborati progettuali, da una parte la valutazione specifica e dettagliata delle condizioni di sicurezza per la realizzazione dell’elemento in oggetto, e contestualmente di verificarne le condizioni di cantierabilità, in una fase precedente il cantiere e quindi in un momento in cui è ancora possibile intervenire, se del caso, con modifiche, più o meno significative sul progetto senza che esso ne risulti snaturato nella sua primitiva impostazione.

Tiziana Ferrante, Teresa Villani

Student housing, a particular and quite significant part of social housing, and innovation in processing and production of industrial building components made of a material (wood) not adequately inquired: two fields of research that have been explored for a long time allowing here to share and compare experiences gained thus far. By a selection of samples of wooden student housing in Europe we have documented the performances of this material and we have underlined, at the same time, through what happens abroad, the need of an organic national social housing plan that can meet an unsatisfied demand and boost the construction industry during this particular stage of economic crisis.

Roberto Palumbo

Sílvio Soares Macedo

Fabrizio Gallanti