Hasil untuk "Women. Feminism"

Angela Mcrobbie

Diana T. Stoeva

This paper was motivated by the worldwide May 12 initiative that aims to celebrate, encourage, and inspire women in mathematics. It presents in short how the May 12 initiative has arisen, what are some of the events in the first years, in particular the Generalized functions online workshop that started in 2021 in this context (and has continued as an annual event ever since), and a brief overview of some female mathematicians who have significant scientific contributions and who are the first women in some aspects: Maryam Mirzakhani (the first female mathematician who was awarded with the prestigious Fields medal; the May 12 initiative appeared in her honour), Hypatia (considered to be the earliest known female mathematician), Sofia Kovalevskaya (the first woman who has been awarded a doctorate in mathematics and considered to be the first woman who got a full professorship in mathematics in the modern academic sense), Emmy Noether (the first woman who gave a plenary lecture at the International Congress of Mathematicians), Karen Uhlenbeck (the first woman awarded with the prestigious Abel Prize), and Ingrid Daubechies (the first woman who became a full professor in mathematics at Princeton University, the first woman elected for President of the International Mathematical Union, the first woman who received the National Academy of Sciences Award in Mathematics). The paper was an invited contribution for the Akademie Intakt of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. It appeared in Akademie Intakt 2021, English Edition, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, 2021, 10-13, and it is submitted to arXiv with a permission from the publisher.

Shijing He, Chenkai Ma, Chi Zhang et al.

As more young women in China live alone, they navigate entangled privacy, security, and safety (PSS) risks across smart homes, online platforms, and public infrastructures. Drawing on six participatory threat modeling (PTM) workshops (n = 33), we present a human-centered threat model that illustrates how digitally facilitated physical violence, digital harassment and scams, and pervasive surveillance by individuals, companies, and the state are interconnected and mutually reinforcing. We also document four mitigation strategies employed by participants: smart home device configurations, boundary management, sociocultural practices, and social media tactics--each of which can introduce new vulnerabilities and emotional burdens. Based on these insights, we developed a digital PSS guidebook for young women living alone (YWLA) in China. We further propose actionable design implications for smart home devices and social media platforms, along with policy and legal recommendations and directions for educational interventions.

Eiji Yamamura, Fumio Ohtake

This study investigates how the view about women's active work changed after the outbreak of the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease. We use individual-level panel data from 2016 to 2024 that cover the period before and after the pandemic. The major findings are as follows: (1) men were more likely to have a positive view than women before COVID-19, whereas women became more likely to have a positive view compared to men after COVID-19; (2) both of men and women were more likely to have a positive view after COVID-19; (3) regardless of the respondents' genders, before COVID-19, older people were less likely to have a positive view; after the COVID-19 outbreak, they became more likely to have a positive view; and (4) married men became more likely to have positive view after COVID-19.

Fabian Stephany, Jedrzej Duszynski

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is diffusing rapidly, yet its adoption is strikingly unequal. Using nationally representative UK survey data from 2023 to 2024, we show that women adopt GenAI substantially less often than men because they perceive its societal risks differently. We construct a composite index capturing concerns about mental health, privacy, climate impact, and labor market disruption. This index explains between 9 and 18 percent of the variation in GenAI adoption and ranks among the strongest predictors for women across all age groups, surpassing digital literacy and education for young women. Intersectional analyses show that the largest disparities arise among younger, digitally fluent individuals with high societal risk concerns, where gender gaps in personal use exceed 45 percentage points. Using a synthetic twin panel design, we show that increased optimism about AI's societal impact raises GenAI use among young women from 13 percent to 33 percent, substantially narrowing the gender divide. These findings indicate that gendered perceptions of AI's social and ethical consequences, rather than access or capability, are the primary drivers of unequal GenAI adoption, with implications for productivity, skill formation, and economic inequality in an AI enabled economy.

Yasmin Zaraket, Céline Mougenot

Mental healthcare services in the UK lack tools and resources to address the cultural needs of Muslim women, often leaving them feeling as though their values are pathologised and limiting trust and engagement [1]. Despite growing awareness of cultural competency, few interventions integrate Islamic frameworks into therapeutic support. This report investigates the design and evaluation of YAQIN, a co-designed AI-based application supporting culturally and faith-sensitive mental health engagement for Muslim women. With almost 1.9 million Muslim women in England in 2021, YAQIN responds to a gap in care [2]. It leverages AIś anonymity and continuous support through a faith-aware chatbot and guided journaling tool grounded in user-centred design and Islamic psychology. The YAQIN design research methodology comprised three stages: contextual investigation and literature review, user research with N=14 stakeholders including Muslim women and mental health experts, and prototype development informed by deductive thematic analysis, personas, journey maps, and design specifications. Evaluation involved a co-designed user study with five participants: four Muslim women and one mental health expert who reviewed therapeutic alignment and cultural sensitivity after using the chatbot prototype. Feedback focused on tone, faith relevance, emotional resonance, and the Retrieval-Augmented Generation pipeline enabling contextual continuity. Participants highlighted YAQINś ability to bridge cultural gaps in trust and therapeutic confidence. Feedback included suggestions of including linguistic diversity and routine-based guidance. This project demonstrates how culturally sensitive AI can improve mental healthcare accessibility and trust for marginalised communities and highlights the potential of faith-integrated technology in healthcare innovation.

Anne Bertrand

Sarah Lindley, Chandralekha Singh

In this investigation, we analyzed individual interviews with six female undergraduate physics majors at a large, public, research university in the US to understand their progression at different transition points to becoming physicists. Following the frameworks of standpoint theory, Schlossberg's transition theory, and domains of power, we focused our analysis on how these women initially developed an interest in physics before coming to college and how important transition points in college impacted their physics self-efficacy and sense of belonging. We find that the transitions from high school to college introductory courses and then into the physics major were bottlenecks at which women faced new challenges. Our findings suggest that although women develop initial fascinations with physics in a myriad of unique and interesting ways, they tend to follow a similar trajectory that harms their physics self-efficacy and sense of belonging over time. Finally, although we focused on women who had persisted in pursuing a physics degree thus far, their accounts point to an unsupportive physics culture that could drive other women and students from marginalized demographic groups out of the discipline.

Erika Ábrahám, Miguel Goulão, Milena Vujošević Janičić et al.

Computer science attracts few women, and their proportion decreases through advancing career stages. Few women progress to PhD studies in CS after completing master's studies. Empowering women at this stage in their careers is essential to unlock untapped potential for society, industry and academia. This paper identifies students' career assumptions and information related to PhD studies focused on gender-based differences. We propose a Women Career Lunch program to inform female master students about PhD studies that explains the process, clarifies misconceptions, and alleviates concerns. An extensive survey was conducted to identify factors that encourage and discourage students from undertaking PhD studies. We identified statistically significant differences between those who undertook PhD studies and those who didn't, as well as gender differences. A catalogue of questions to initiate discussions with potential PhD students which allowed them to explore these factors was developed and translated to 8 languages. Encouraging factors toward PhD study include interest and confidence in research arising from a research involvement during earlier studies; enthusiasm for and self-confidence in CS in addition to an interest in an academic career; encouragement from external sources; and a positive perception towards PhD studies which can involve achieving personal goals. Discouraging factors include uncertainty and lack of knowledge of the PhD process, a perception of lower job flexibility, and the requirement for long-term commitment. Gender differences highlighted that female students who pursue a PhD have less confidence in their technical skills than males but a higher preference for interdisciplinary areas. Female students are less inclined than males to perceive the industry as offering better job opportunities and more flexible career paths than academia.

Ulrich Kaiser, Jose Mata

We examine whether gender norms - proxied by the outcome of Switzerland's 1981 public referendum on constitutional gender equality - continue to shape local female startup activity today, despite substantial population changes over the past four decades. Using startup data for all Swiss municipalities from 2016 to 2023, we find that municipalities that historically expressed stronger support for gender equality have significantly higher present women-to-men startup ratios. The estimated elasticity of this ratio with respect to the share of "yes" votes in the 1981 referendum is 0.165. This finding is robust to controlling for a subsequent referendum on gender roles, a rich set of municipality-specific characteristics, and contemporary policy measures. The relationship between historical voting outcomes and current women's entrepreneurship is stronger in municipalities with greater population stability - measured by the share of residents born locally - and in municipalities where residents are less likely to report a religious affiliation. While childcare spending is not statistically related to startup rates on its own, it is positively associated with the women-to-men startup ratio when interacted with historical gender norms, consistent with both formal and informal support mechanisms jointly shaping women's entrepreneurial activity.

Khaled Igbaria

This study discusses how Laila Al-Othman engages with issues to determine the nature of her feminist agenda. The different ways in which her novel, Ṣamt al-Farāshāt [Silence of the Butterflies], addresses several feminist issues, mainly forced marriage, rape and sexual abuse, gender-based physical sexual violence, and enforced silence, are explored. This paper focuses on demonstrating social obstacles and continuous trauma caused by a sequence of pain experienced by Arab females in their patriarchal society. It explores the freedom granted to these women in different aspects of life, including their sexuality within a marriage, even if temporarily. This study argues that the novel reveals a sustained effort to raise the banner of feminism and a strong desire to liberate Arab women from patriarchal domination. Al-Othman successfully and uniquely represents women as victims of gender-based traumatic sexual and physical violence, forced silence, and general oppression in patriarchal Arab society, who need help, support, protection, and liberation. They are not represented as independent or free. Methodologically, it employs a qualitative literary analysis in addition to trauma theory psychoanalysis, concentrating on feminist issues highlighted in the novel. The narrative techniques are not a focus of this study.

P. I. MOTA

Annalí Casanueva, Davide Rossi, Stefano Zacchiroli et al.

Despite its promise of openness and inclusiveness, the development of free and open source software (FOSS) remains significantly unbalanced in terms of gender representation among contributors. To assist open source project maintainers and communities in addressing this imbalance, it is crucial to understand the causes of this inequality.In this study, we aim to establish how the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the ability of women to contribute to public code. To do so, we use the Software Heritage archive, which holds the largest dataset of commits to public code, and the difference in differences (DID) methodology from econometrics that enables the derivation of causality from historical data.Our findings show that the COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted women's ability to contribute to the development of public code, relatively to men. Further, our observations of specific contributor subgroups indicate that COVID-19 particularly affected women hobbyists, identified using contribution patterns and email address domains.

Rhita-Maria Ouazzani, Caroline Bot, Sylvie Brau-Nogué et al.

The Commission Femmes et Astronomie conducted a statistical study that aims at mapping the presence of women in French professional Astronomy today, and set a starting point for studying its evolution with time. For the year 2021, we proceeded with a sub-set of 8 astronomy and astrophysics institutes, hosting a total of 1060 employees, among which PhD students, post-doctoral researchers, and academic, technical, and administrative staff, representing around 25% of the community. We have investigated how the percentage of women vary with career stage, level of responsibility, job security, and level of income. The results of this preliminary study seem to illustrate the leaky pipeline, with one major bottleneck being the access to permanent positions. It appears that the proportion of women steadily decreases with the security of jobs, with the career stage, with the qualification level and with the income level.

Ainamar Clariana-Rodagut, Alessio Cardillo

The research presented here uses the tools of social network analysis to empirically show a socio-cultural phenomenon already addressed by the social sciences and history: the historical marginalisation of women in the field of cinema. The novelty of our approach lies in the use of a large amount of heterogeneous historical data. On the one hand, we built a network of interactions between people involved in the film field in Ibero-America during the first half of the twentieth century. On the other hand, we propose a $k$-core decomposition and a multi-layered analysis, as a quantitative way to study the position of women within the cultural melieu. After conducting our analysis, we concluded that women were mostly situated in the outer $k$-shells of the empirical network, and their distribution was not uniform across the $k$-shells. From a qualitative perspective, these results can be interpreted as the consequence of the lack of evidence of the participation of women in the public sphere.

Carlos Herold Junior, Bruna Solera, Eliane Regina Crestani Tortola et al.

Neste artigo analisamos representações sobre as mulheres na história do movimento nudo-naturista no Brasil, tomando como fontes revistas naturistas produzidas na década de 1950. É evidenciada a grande atenção dada pelos proponentes do movimento às mulheres no que se refere a três aspectos: a) a propagação dos benefícios do nudismo às mulheres; b) a avaliação sobre o que pensavam ser a natureza das mulheres; e c) a consideração da beleza corporal feminina no nudismo. Concluímos que as representações nudistas impactaram no processo de manutenção e mudança em relação à mulher durante as primeiras décadas do século XX no contexto brasileiro, divulgando outros modos de expor e ver o corpo feminino.

Amanda Gouws

This article investigates rape through the lens of biopolitics, using Agamben’s notion of a state of exception and bare life. I will argue that there needs to be a closer look at the neglected sexual and gender dimensions of biopolitics in settler colonial societies, and specifically at the continuities of sexual violence of the settler colony with high levels sexual violence in present day South Africa. Women in post-colonial South Africa are included in a state of exception giving rise to bare life through the abandonment by the law and state agencies that have to implement the law. I end by considering the possibilities of resistance against bare life.

Mirjana Pović, Vanessa McBride, Priscilla Muheki et al.

The African Network of Women in Astronomy and STEM for GIRLS in Ethiopia initiatives have been established with aim to strengthen the participation of girls and women in astronomy and science in Africa and Ethiopia. We will not be able to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals without full participation of women and girls in all aspects of our society and without giving in future the same opportunity to all children to access education independently on their socio-economical status. In this paper both initiatives are briefly introduced.

Leandro Reinaldo da Cunha

O presente documento traz uma compilação dos termos mais recorrentes utilizados pelo Grupo de Pesquisa Direito e Sexualidade e o seu respectivo significado.

Sandra Soler Campo, Magdalena Alegret Pampols

Durante los diferentes periodos históricos las mujeres han tenido pocas oportunidades de desarrollarse personal y laboralmente dentro de la música. Cuando hablamos concretamente de música clásica, son escasos los referentes femeninos en el ámbito de la composición, la interpretación de ciertos tipos de familias de instrumentos (fundamentalmente viento, metal y percusión) y la dirección orquestal. A lo largo de la historia, a menudo se permitía que las mujeres se formaran como músicos amateurs, pero no como profesionales. Aunque el sexo masculino ha asimilado progresivamente el hecho de compartir las tareas del hogar durante el último cuarto de siglo, la mujer continúa asumiendo la carga principal. A modo de ejemplo, en el periodo Renacentista, las mujeres tuvieron que lidiar con un conjunto de estereotipos sexuales en torno a la práctica de ciertos instrumentos musicales. La siguiente propuesta didáctica pretende introducir a los alumnos de educación secundaria la figura de la mujer compositora y directora de orquesta. Dicha propuesta girará en torno a la figura de Ethel Smyth. Para ello se ha utilizado una metodología activa y cooperativa y materiales como ordenadores con conexión a internet y material tangible. Los resultados han sido muy positivos, llegando a realizarse actividades competenciales y transversales y fomentando el espíritu crítico de los alumnos.