Hasil untuk "Unlocalized maps (Asian studies only)"

Yu-Tong Su, Zhengxiang Li

Large-scale structure (LSS) and tracer bias connect observable populations to the cosmic matter distribution. While galaxies are standard tracers, transient events such as gravitational-wave sources can also probe LSS despite large localization uncertainties. Fast radio bursts (FRBs), owing to their cosmological distances and dispersion-measure information, provide a promising complementary tracer of LSS. However, most FRBs lack precise localization and redshift measurements, introducing severe angular and radial errors that dilute the clustering signal. Here we construct an end-to-end framework to infer the linear large-scale bias of unlocalized FRB populations using the isotropic two-point correlation function. Our pipeline adopts the Landy-Szalay estimator with noise-matched random catalogs, a Monte Carlo forward model accounting for localization smearing, and likelihood-based inference with covariance matrices from lognormal mock samples. We test the method on synthetic FRB samples at redshifts z=0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 with injected bias values b=1.2, 1.5, and 2.0. The measured correlation functions closely follow smeared theoretical predictions, confirming that positional uncertainty dominates clustering suppression. Despite sample variance, the inferred bias posteriors recover the true inputs and preserve relative bias ordering. Discrimination is strongest at low redshift and weakens at higher redshift, where low-bias populations become poorly constrained. Our results demonstrate that meaningful large-scale clustering information can be extracted from poorly localized FRBs when smearing effects are properly modeled, establishing a practical route for future FRB-based LSS investigations.

Ingrid Austveg Evans

While methodological considerations of positionality and disciplinary reflexivity have long been standard components of ethnographic studies, this is still not the case in codicology. Within the field of Arabic and Islamic manuscripts, recent debates on provenance and the use of digital archives have once again emphasised the need for increased awareness of issues tied to the individual researcher’s access to and use of collections located in both the Global North and Global South. This article draws on my experience of working with digital reproductions of premodern Arabic manuscripts from my living room in Berlin during the COVID-19 pandemic. Beginning with the notion of unauthorised underground manuscript corpora that circulate among researchers, I provide an overview of current debates on the ethical dimensions of digital codicology in Arabic and Islamic Studies. Pointing out the need for a synoptic consideration of colonial history and researcher positionality, I ultimately argue for the methodological value of including an “epistemic politics” at the forefront of manuscript research.

Amanda tho Seeth, Jafar Suryomenggolo

This special issue critically examines the socio-political and economic impacts of the Joko Widodo (Jokowi) government (2014–2024) on marginalised communities in Indonesia, focusing on the intersection of government policies and local struggles. Despite economic growth, Indonesia has experienced democratic backsliding, characterised by oligarchic influence, weakened institutions, and rising corruption. These challenges have exacerbated the marginalisation of vulnerable groups, particularly in rural and indigenous areas, where top-down development projects have deepened social inequality, land disputes, and environmental degradation. However, the issue also highlights grassroots resistance, with communities engaging in "everyday resistance" and "politics of marginality" to challenge these policies. Case studies include struggles over land in Flores, political-economic turmoil in West Papua, and the challenges faced by rural social movements and people with disabilities. The editorial critiques Jokowi’s developmental policies, questioning their social and ecological consequences while pointing to the resilience of local communities as a crucial counterbalance to elite-driven politics. It calls for further research into these dynamics as Indonesia pursues its "Golden Indonesia 2045" vision.

Grace Leksana

Antje Missbach

Jaihyun Park, Ryan Cordell

Warning: This paper contains examples of offensive language targetting marginalized population. The digitization of historical texts invites researchers to explore the large-scale corpus of historical texts with computational methods. In this study, we present computational text analysis on a relatively understudied topic of how Asian workers are represented in historical newspapers in the United States. We found that the word "coolie" was semantically different in some States (e.g., Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Wyoming, Oklahoma, and Arkansas) with the different discourses around coolie. We also found that then-Confederate newspapers and then-Union newspapers formed distinctive discourses by measuring over-represented words. Newspapers from then-Confederate States associated coolie with slavery-related words. In addition, we found Asians were perceived to be inferior to European immigrants and subjected to the target of racism. This study contributes to supplementing the qualitative analysis of racism in the United States with quantitative discourse analysis.

Matthew Rho, Yexin Tian, Qin Chen

We provide a detailed overview of various approaches to word segmentation of Asian Languages, specifically Chinese, Korean, and Japanese languages. For each language, approaches to deal with word segmentation differs. We also include our analysis about certain advantages and disadvantages to each method. In addition, there is room for future work in this field.

Anand O. R, K. Sumesh

In this paper we generalize a specific quantized convexity structure of the generalized state space of a $C^*$-algebra and examine the associated extreme points. We introduce the notion of $P$-$C^*$-convex subsets, where $P$ is any positive operator on a Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$. These subsets are defined with in the set of all completely positive (CP) maps from a unital $C^*$-algebra $\mathcal{A}$ into the algebra $B(\mathcal{H})$ of bounded linear maps on $\mathcal{H}$. In particular, we focus on certain $P$-$C^*$-convex sets, denoted by $\mathrm{CP}^{(P)}(\mathcal{A},B(\mathcal{H}))$, and analyze their extreme points with respect to this new convexity structure. This generalizes the existing notions of $C^*$-convex subsets and $C^*$-extreme points of unital completely positive maps. We significantly extend many of the known results regarding the $C^*$-extreme points of unital completely positive maps into the context of $P$-$C^*$-convex sets we are considering. This includes abstract characterization and structure of $P$-$C^*$-extreme points. Further, using these studies, we completely characterize the $C^*$-extreme points of the $C^*$-convex set of all contractive completely positive maps from $\mathcal{A}$ into $B(\mathcal{H})$, where $\mathcal{H}$ is finite-dimensional. Additionally, we discuss the connection between $P$-$C^*$-extreme points and linear extreme points of these convex sets, as well as Krein-Milman type theorems.

Shiho Maeshima

Facilitated by technological advances in cameras, printing methods and equipment, photojournalism blossomed throughout the world during the interwar period. It offered readers insights into the contemporary world, providing access to diverse peoples and remote locations through a combination of photographs and text. Japan was no exception. However, unlike Europe or North America, where the primary medium for disseminating knowledge through images was photo magazines or newspapers, in interwar Japan it was mass-market women’s magazines that popularised the practice of using images to convey information within society. This paper specifically examines representations seen in a particular photo-article genre known as the “life pictorial”, published in the best-selling women’s magazine Shufu no tomo (“Housewife’s Friend”). The analysis of these articles demonstrates how they contributed to the circulation of an imagined geography in 1930s Japanese society by presenting an image of a utopian multicultural Japanese empire that covertly intimated a distinct social, ethnic and racial hierarchy. Furthermore, this analysis explores how the magazine guided and shaped its readers’ visual literacy by training them in how to “read” these photo articles, in a time before state censorship became fully entrenched.

E. Sander, J. D. Meiss

In this paper, we focus on a numerical technique, the weighted Birkhoff average (WBA) to distinguish between four categories of dynamics for quasiperiodically-forced circle maps. Regular dynamics can be classified by rotation vectors, and these can be rapidly computed to machine precision using the WBA. Regular orbits can be resonant or incommensurate and we distinguish between these by computing their "resonance order." When the dynamics is chaotic the WBA converges slowly. Such orbits can be strongly chaotic, when they have a positive Lyapunov exponent or weakly chaotic, when the maximal Lyapunov exponent is zero. The latter correspond to the strange nonchaotic attractors (SNA) that have been observed in quasiperiodically-forced circle maps beginning with the models introduced by Ding, Grebogi, and Ott. The WBA provides a new technique to find SNAs, and allows us to accurately compute the proportions of each of the four orbit types as a function of map parameters.

Roland Seib

Noorhaidi Hasan

John Wilkinson, Fabiano Escher, Ana Garcia

For over a decade China has supplanted Europe as the principal stimulus for the production and export of soy from Brazil, overwhelmingly in the form of whole beans rather than meal. Medium-term projections, whether from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) or Brazil’s Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA), suggest that this dynamic will continue, while China’s Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA) forecasts are somewhat more modest. In this article, a range of new factors are taken into account, which point to a more uncertain future. These include: Brazil’s alignment in the US-China trade war and the tensions this is creating both diplomatically and within the soy sector itself; the measures China is adopting to diversify its agricultural commodity supply bases; China’s increasing commitment to global climate goals; the impact of food innovation and consumer trends on global meat consumption; and the policies China is putting into place to increase domestic capacity. All these factors, it is argued, may call into question the current dynamism of the Brazil-China soy nexus over the medium term, with the unintended consequence of easing of the pressure on Brazil’s fragile Cerrados and Amazon ecosystems.

Ferdiansyah Thajib

This paper chronicles my fieldwork among Muslim queer people in Indonesia. The ethical thrust of “following the heart” lies in the continuous reinvention of research devices in order to keep up with what we feel during, before and after fieldwork, how we are affected by encounters with others, and how others are affected by us. This idea of “following what the heart tells one to do” can be traced back to the old opposition between body and mind, where the head is thought to be rational and cold, and the heart is considered to be emotional and warm. Here, I truncate the metaphor’s dichotomous meaning and discuss the potential values of applying it as an ethics of doing affective ethnography in vulnerable settings. Anthropological knowledge production in vulnerable contexts is not only about providing careful interpretation and representation of the affective experiences of our research participants, but also about making ourselves affectively vulnerable as researchers. This ethics is both a method and a source, remaining existentially inscribed into the researchers’ embodied realities and continuing to shape our academic practices and everyday livings.

Yang Sun, Haibo Yuan, Bingqiu Chen

Precise correction of dust reddening is fundamental to obtain the intrinsic parameters of celestial objects. The Schlegel et al. (SFD) and the Planck 2D extinction maps are widely used for the reddening correction. In this work, using accurate reddening determinations of about two million stars from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) data release 5 (DR5) and Gaia DR2, we check and calibrate the SFD and Planck maps in the middle and high Galactic latitudes. The maps show similar precision in reddening correction. We find small yet significant spatially dependent biases for the four maps, which are similar between the SFD and Planck2014-R maps, and between the Planck2014-Tau and Planck2019-Tau maps. The biases show a clear dependence on the dust temperature and extinction for the SFD and Planck2014-R maps. While those of the Planck2014-Tau and Planck2019-Tau maps have a weak dependence on the dust temperature, they both strongly depend on the dust spectral index. Finally, we present corrections of the SFD and Planck extinction maps within the LAMOST footprint, along with empirical relations for corrections outside the LAMOST footprint. Our results provide important clues for the further improvement of the Galactic all-sky extinction maps and lay an significant foundation for the accurate extinction correction in the era of precision astronomy.

Daniela Paredes Grijalva

Zack Li, Giuseppe Puglisi, Mathew S. Madhavacheril et al.

We present simulated millimeter-wavelength maps and catalogs of radio galaxies across the full sky that trace the nonlinear clustering and evolution of dark matter halos from the Websky simulation at $z<4.6$ and $M_{\rm halo}>10^{12} M_{\odot}/h$, and the accompanying framework for generating a new sample of radio galaxies from any halo catalog of positions, redshifts, and masses. Object fluxes are generated using a hybrid approach that combines (1) existing astrophysical halo models of radio galaxies from the literature to determine the positions and rank-ordering of the observed fluxes with (2) empirical models from the literature based on fits to the observed distribution of flux densities and (3) spectral indices drawn from an empirically-calibrated frequency-dependent distribution. The resulting population of radio galaxies is in excellent agreement with the number counts, polarization fractions, and distribution of spectral slopes from the data from observations at millimeter wavelengths from 20-200~GHz, including \emph{Planck}, ALMA, SPT, and ACT. Since the radio galaxies are correlated with the existing cosmic infrared background (CIB), Compton-$y$ (tSZ), and CMB lensing maps from Websky, our model makes new predictions for the cross-correlation power spectra and stacked profiles of radio galaxies and these other components. These simulations will be important for unbiased analysis of a wide variety of observables that are correlated with large-scale structure, such as gravitational lensing and SZ clusters.

Silvia Lavagnini

We derive a series expansion by Hermite polynomials for the price of an arithmetic Asian option. This series requires the computation of moments and correlators of the underlying price process, but for a polynomial jump-diffusion, these are given in closed form, hence no numerical simulation is required to evaluate the series. This allows, for example, for the explicit computation of Greeks. The weight function defining the Hermite polynomials is a Gaussian density with scale $b$. We find that the rate of convergence for the series depends on $b$, for which we prove a lower bound to guarantee convergence. Numerical examples show that the series expansion is accurate but unstable for initial values of the underlying process far from zero, mainly due to rounding errors.

Richard Quang-Anh Tran

This article examines the relationship between urban space, normative sexuality and animal metaphors in two Vietnamese classics of modern reportage, namely Tam Lang’s “I Pulled a Rickshaw” (1932) and Vu Trong Phung’s “Household Servants” (1936). Both reportages are set in colonial Hanoi, and both provide a glimpse of the explosive growth of urban space and its perceived effects on the city’s inhabitants. While scholars examining early twentieth-century Vietnamese urban reportages have tended to focus on their historical and ethnographic value, the article pays special attention to a key dimension that defines the genre: their figurative lan-guage. The article demonstrates that the distinction between human and animal is intertwined with each author’s critique of colonial modernity. For both Lang and Phung, urban space repre-sents a postlapsarian descent of the human to the animal level. Far from embodying liberation, urban space metaphorically figures as a disruption of certain ideals of human sociality founded on a moral regime, whereby the category of the “human” is distinguished from the animal by norms of self-regulation and self-moderation. Insofar as it is founded on such a regime, norma-tive sexuality and urban space embody antinomies of each other.

Albrecht Rothacher