Hasil untuk "The city as an economic factor. City promotion"

María Isabel Esquivel Alvirde, María Elena Delgado Ayala, Andrea Edurne Jiménez Ruíz

La innovación social, es un instrumento clave para hacer frente a diversas problemáticas que el Estado e instituciones no han logrado resolver; es una estrategia integral que resulta de la situación en desventaja de determinado grupo de personas que gracias a la colaboración y empoderamiento colectivo logran mejorar aspectos relacionados con su calidad de vida. Esta investigación pretende exponer cómo a través de los emprendimientos gastronómicos, la innovación social se presenta en el corredor turístico Ixtapan de la Sal-Tonatico, Estado de México. El enfoque es de tipo cualitativo, se empleó la metodología de casos múltiples, teniendo como muestra 20 emprendimientos ambulantes de venta de gastronomía de calle, además se hizo uso de observación directa no participante y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Resultados: en lugares como los pueblos mágicos las mujeres han aprovechado la actividad turística para llevar a cabo sus emprendimientos, mismos que se vislumbran como catalizadores de oportunidades en temas como:  efecto multiplicador hacia otros sectores (stakeholders), aprovechamiento de tendencias de turismo actuales, promoción del consumo local de la cultura culinaria de los Pueblos Mágicos. Por otra parte, el grupo de mujeres también se enfrenta a desafíos respecto a su actividad, al permanecer al margen de la informalidad.

Chiharu Miyajima, Mai Nagasaka, Hiromasa Aoki et al.

The Hippo pathway, a kinase cascade, coordinates with many intracellular signals and mediates the regulation of the activities of various downstream transcription factors and their coactivators to maintain homeostasis. Therefore, the aberrant activation of the Hippo pathway and its associated molecules imposes significant stress on tissues and cells, leading to cancer, immune disorders, and a number of diseases. Cellular senescence, the mechanism by which cells counteract stress, prevents cells from unnecessary damage and leads to sustained cell cycle arrest. It acts as a powerful defense mechanism against normal organ development and aging-related diseases. On the other hand, the accumulation of senescent cells without their proper removal contributes to the development or worsening of cancer and age-related diseases. A correlation was recently reported between the Hippo pathway and cellular senescence, which preserves tissue homeostasis. This review is the first to describe the close relationship between aging and the Hippo pathway, and provides insights into the mechanisms of aging and the development of age-related diseases. In addition, it describes advanced findings that may lead to the development of tissue regeneration therapies and drugs targeting rejuvenation.

Asghar Mirfardi, Dorna Salamatian

About half of the world's population are women, and their attitudes toward the environment play an important role in the sustainable development of society. This study aimed to investigate gender differences in environmental attitudes. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data via the survey method. Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha, and construct validity was assessed through Factor analysis. The statistical population comprised all students of the humanities faculties at Shiraz University, with a sample size of 400 cases estimated using the Cochran formula and selected through stratified sampling.The study integrated theories such as ecofeminism, the Theory of Planned Behavior, the Magic Bullet theory, and Parsons' theory for model development. Results indicated no significant difference in environmental attitudes between male and female students. While there was no significant relationship between environmental attitudes and the use of environmental awareness sources, there was a notable difference in environmental attitudes among male students based on marital status, with single men exhibiting stronger environmental attitudes.Additionally, a direct and significant relationship was found between social responsibility and the dependent variable. There was also a significant difference in environmental attitudes based on educational level, particularly among female MA students who showed stronger environmental attitudes. Consequently, gender differences in environmental attitudes were evident when considering various social and background factors.The results of the multivariate regression analysis highlighted that social responsibility and marital status (being single) had the most substantial impact on students' environmental attitudes, collectively explaining 48% of the variance in the dependent variable. Overall, there appears to be a trend of gender convergence and dedifferentiation in the attitudes of male and female students toward the environment.‌Environment, Women, Sources of Environmental Awareness, Students ‌‌IntroductionEnvironmental problems exist worldwide and are not confined to specific regions. Sociologists posit that many environmental issues stem from human behavior, with attitudes serving as a significant background for such behavior. Environmental attitude encompasses beliefs and emotions that shape an individual's perspective on the environment, either positively or negatively. Approximately half of the global population comprises women, and their attitudes and behaviors toward the environment play pivotal roles in societal development.Given the increasing presence of women in social and academic spheres and their influential roles within families, this study aims to elucidate gender differences in the environmental attitudes of humanities students at Shiraz University. It seeks to answer the following questions: What are the disparities in environmental attitudes between male and female students? What correlations exist between the use of environmental awareness resources, social responsibility, educational level, and students' environmental attitudes? Is there a significant relationship between marital status and students' environmental attitudes? MethodologyThe present study employed a survey method to collect data. A structured questionnaire was utilized for this purpose. Cronbach's alpha and construct validity via factor analysis were employed to assess the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, respectively. The statistical population comprised all students enrolled in the humanities faculties of Shiraz University. These faculties encompassed the Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Theology and Islamic Studies, Law and Political Sciences, Economics, Management, and Social Sciences, and the Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology.Based on Cochran's formula, the sample size was initially estimated at 387 students. However, to achieve a more precise estimation, the sample size was increased to 400 students. The students were selected using a stratified sampling method. FindingsThe results indicate a significant difference among male students based on their marital status, whereas no significant difference was found in the environmental attitude of female students based on marital status. There is a significant difference at the 99% confidence level in the environmental attitude among all students and female students based on their educational level. However, there is no significant difference in environmental attitude based on gender, field of study, or social class among all students, or based on educational level, field of study, or social class among male students or female students.A significant relationship was found between the social responsibility of humanities students at Shiraz University and their environmental attitude. No significant relationship was observed between environmental attitude and the use of environmental awareness resources among all students, female students, or male students.The results of the multivariate regression test indicated that variables such as social responsibility and marital status (single) had the greatest impact on students' environmental attitudes, respectively. Overall, the variables included in the multiple regression model explained 48% of the variance in the dependent variable. ResultIn today's world, there is not much difference between the environmental attitudes of women and men. The reason for this may be the use of modern and equal education for both genders. Awareness through education leads to increased knowledge, concern, and the development of a responsible environmental attitude in both sexes. Therefore, the use of equal education diminishes gender and demographic differences in environmental perspectives and enhances collective agreement to protect the environment.‌ReferencesAbedi Sarvestani, A. & Shahrak, M. R. (2021). Analysis of forest guard staff’s attitudes towards the new environmental paradigm case study of Golestan province. Geoghraphy and Environmental Planning, 33(1), 1-18. (In Persian)Ahmadi, A., Ghasemi, M. & Saber Demirchi, H. (2018). 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S. S. Hosseini, Y. Gholami, H. Dolvand et al.

The aim of this study is structural modeling of the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on active post‐pandemic transport in Dorood City, Iran, emphasising both tourism and development of a long‐term tourist market through the promotion of low‐carbon travel markets.The research tool was a researcher‐made questionnaire randomly distributed among citizens of Dorood City. The impact of various factors, including economic, social, medical, and accessibility, on active transportation during the pandemic and its impact on transportation in the post‐COVID‐19 era has been investigated.The social factor has the highest factor load with a weight of 0.94. In contrast, with the lowest factor load i.e., 0.60, the economic factor proved to have the least impact on the choice of active transportation. It was found that the variable of active transport use in the post‐pandemic era with a factor load of 0.66 is the most influential factor, while the social consequences of the pandemic in the post‐pandemic era with a factor load of 0.49 turned out to be the most significant. The least effective ariable was found to occur in the post‐pandemic era.Active transport links during the pandemic in Dorood City with a regression coefficient of 0.77 had a statistically significant impact on the use of this type of transport in the post‐pandemic period. This data can be incorporated in the transport development plan with an emphasis on active transfer as an effective option for the development of sustainable tourism.

Nayeli Maldonado

La usabilidad se refiere a la facilidad de uso de un sitio web, permitiendo a los usuarios realizar acciones de manera sencilla y contribuyendo a una navegación satisfactoria. En este sentido, facilita la creación y transmisión de una imagen online idónea del destino turístico, consiguiendo así fidelizar a los turistas. El propósito de esta investigación es analizar la usabilidad de los sitios web de las principales ciudades turísticas europeas, para así identificar los elementos que influyen en la experiencia del usuario y poder establecer una guía de buenas prácticas que ayuden en el diseño de sitios web usables. Para ello se aplica una metodología mixta, utilizando como herramientas la revisión literaria, las heurísticas de Nielsen, Website Grader y un cuestionario realizado a 10 expertos en la materia. Los resultados identifican los elementos positivos y los errores más comunes que presentan estos sitios web y resaltan la relación existente entre los factores objetivos y subjetivos en la usabilidad; si bien aspectos técnicos son importantes, la experiencia y satisfacción del usuario son fundamentales en la medición de la usabilidad. Además, se concluye que hay una relación entre el volumen de turistas y los recursos que se destinan al mantenimiento de la usabilidad.

Luz Jourdain

Las Ciudades Inteligentes y los Destinos Turísticos Inteligentes (DTI) son nuevos conceptos que nacen de la necesidad de innovar a través de la tecnología, para así poder desarrollar tanto ciudades como destinos dentro de los diferentes ejes con los que cuentan los DTI (Gobernanza, Innovación, Accesibilidad, Tecnología y Sostenibilidad) y beneficiar de esta forma a sus ciudadanos y visitantes. Esta investigación busca, a partir del comparativo de cuatro ciudades latinoamericanas en distintas fases de desarrollo e implementación del modelo DTI, proponer acciones y buenas prácticas para que la ciudad de Santo Domingo avance en su estrategia de destino turístico inteligente. Para ello, se ha seguido una metodología cualitativa a través de revisiones bibliográficas, del análisis comparativo de las acciones desarrolladas en las ciudades, caso de estudio y de las entrevistas realizadas a tres profesionales con conocimiento en el área de turismo y en DTIs. Así, se ha llegado a la conclusión de que la ciudad de Santo Domingo no cumple con algunos indicadores que son fundamentales para ser un destino turistico inteligente. Se proponen acciones de mejora para superar las debilidades.

Masture Sadat Masoudian, Zahra Sadat SaeidehZarabadi

AbstractUndoubtedly, the tourism industry is one of the most important sources of income, and paying attention to the tourists’ ‘movement’ as the pillars of the tourism system, has an undeniable role in the development of this industry because a path can be determined for tourist’s movement with any purpose and on any scale of tourism. Therefore, considering how tourists move is very important in determining and designing tourist routes, and it is obvious that the quality of these routes has a significant impact on tourism promotion. The present study aims to investigate tourists’ movement by analyzing the relationship between the spatial structure of these routes and the natural movement on them. For this purpose, the Jolfa tourism axis located in the historical context of District 5 of Isfahan Municipality was selected as the case study. Then, the justified graph and axial map of these routes are designed by the Space Syntax theory and its relative concepts and tourists’ movement on these routes are analyzed and compared using the AGRAPH software application and its indicators which include Total Depth, Mean Depth, Relative Asymmetry, Integration, and Control Value. The present study falls within the category of descriptive-analytical studies in terms of procedure (selected by the researcher) and applied studies in terms of objective. The data were collected using library and field study methods. The research results indicate that Khaqani Street, Kelisa Alley, and Khajeh Abed Alley with integration(i) indices 20.67, 14.95, 13.78, and the total depth(TDn) of 72,85,89, respectively, have the highest integration and the lowest total depth. Thus, naturally, the potential for movement and presence of tourists and pedestrians on this route is more than in other parts of the Jolfa axis. Although Jolfa Alley has less permeability and access than other spaces on this axis in terms of spatial structure, due to the presence of Vank Church, Jolfa Square, and other tourist attractions, it welcomes many tourists and pedestrians daily. Therefore, it can be concluded that in addition to the indicators studied in AGRAPH software, other factors are also effective in attracting pedestrians and their movement.Keywords: Jolfa Tourism Axis, Spatial Structure, Natural Movement, Space Syntax, AGRAPH. IntroductionTourism, as one of the biggest sources of income for countries, has attracted the attention of planners for many years because it can be considered a powerful tool for the development of different regions and improving the economic status of people. One of the most important actions in determining tourism spaces in cities is determining special tourism routes. Since walking is the oldest and most necessary form of human movement and the enjoyable walking experience can have an impact on tourists' better understanding of the environment, tourist routes with walking potential are one of the important factors for attracting tourists. Therefore, the quality of tourist routes in cities, especially in historical cities, is one of the necessities of spatial organization to attract tourists. Isfahan is one of the ten important tourist destination cities in Iran, and among its districts, District 5, and especially its historical neighborhoods, which are located south of the Zayandeh Rood River, have a lot of potentials to attract domestic and foreign tourists. But at present, it has not been successful in this matter as it should be; therefore, the purpose of this study is to answer this important question: What is the relationship between the spatial structure of Jolfa tourist routes and the movement of tourists in it? To answer this question, firstly, the subject of the tourism route is briefly discussed, and then the concepts of the theory of Space Syntax which is one of the most important theories in analyzing the structure of urban spaces are explained. Materials and MethodsThe present study falls within the category of descriptive-analytical studies in terms of procedure (selected by the researcher) and applied studies in terms of objective. The approach of this research is mixed and includes quantitative and qualitative methods. The theoretical foundations have been collected by documentary and library studies, and to examine the case study, available documents and survey studies have been used. AutoCAD and Photoshop software were used to draw the existing and axial maps. To analyze the data, the Space Syntax method, the justified graph, and AGRAPH software were used. In this way, first, based on Space Syntax theory, the axial map of the case study is drawn, then the justified graph of different spaces of the Jolfa tourism axis is created and the results are analyzed and compared according to the concepts of this theory. In the next step, the results of the axial map analysis in AGRAPJ software are analyzed and all the results are compared with each other.Research FindingsThe results obtained from justified graphs and AGRAPH software indicate that among the spaces located on this axis, Khagani Street (Integration =20.67), in terms of accessibility and permeability compared to other spaces on this axis is the best. After that, there are Khaje Abed Alley (Integration = 14.33), Kelisa Alley (Integration = 13.78), and Sang Tarashha and Tabriziha Alleys (Integration = 13.34), which indicates proper accessibility and high potential of these spaces for pedestrian movement. After these four spaces, Chaharsouqiha and Shekarchian Alleys (Integration = 11.33), Meydan-e-Bozorg, Bazarche, and Kelisaye Vank (Vank Church) Alley (Integration = 10.81) are placed in the next order in terms of accessibility. Namazkhane Maryam and Jolfa Alleys compared to other spaces on this axis have the lowest integration value and as a result, the lowest permeability and accessibility (integration = 9.63). Therefore, the larger value of integration leads to better access to the space. Discussion of Results and ConclusionsIn general, spatial configuration and structure is the first and most important factor guiding movement, and pedestrians naturally choose routes with higher integration and greater accessibility for walking. But the results of the research show that other factors are also effective in attracting and directing pedestrians in addition to the indicators investigated by AGRAPH software. The results obtained from the analysis of the spatial structure of the Jolfa axis represent the principle that this axis in terms of spatial structure has the necessary potential for pedestrian movement and attracting tourists, in addition to the existence of valuable historical buildings, and if the presence of tourists (urban, national, and international tourists) is less in some spaces, it indicates weakness in other infrastructures. By identifying these issues and trying to fix them, the Jolfa tourism axis can be one of the most powerful tourism hubs in Isfahan because this axis has many cultural heritages such as churches, historical houses, schools, historical baths, etc. and, on the other hand, due to its compatibility and cultural affinity with foreign tourists, it has many capabilities to attract domestic and foreign tourists. References- Abbaszadegan, M. (2002). Space syntax method in urban design process. 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Investigating and analyzing the behavior pattern of tourists in accessing urban attractions using GIS (Case study: Shiraz). Journal of Research and Urban Planning, 4(12), 1-12 (in Persian).- Hillier, B. (2007). Space is the machine: A configurational theory of architecture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.- Kalantari, S., Ekhlasi, A., Andaji Garmaroudi, A., & Khalilbeigi Khamene, A. (2019). Analysis of the relationship between spatial structure and motivation behaviors of users by space syntax (Case study: Central Campus of Tehran University). Quarterly Journal of Environmental-based Territorial Planning (JETP), 11(43), 215-234 (in Persian).- Khodabandelo, H., Soltanifard, H., & Zanganeh, Y. (2018). Feasibility study of the pedestrian movement in the central part of qom city using VIKOR model and space syntax theory. Journal of Geographical Urban Planning Research, 6(2), 427-449 (in Persian).- Manum, B. (2009). A-graph complementary software for axial-line analysis. 7th International Space Syntax Symposium. Stochholm: KTH.- Mehri, F., & Davoudpour, Z. (2019). Application of space syntax theory in reduction of the socio- spatial segregation of urban neighborhoods. Journal of Human Geography Research, 51(2), 357-371 (in Persian).- Mira Aalami, S. F., & Safari, H. (2020). Evaluation of the wayfinding process in Kashef Al-Saltaneh tea museum and tomb in lahijan city using the space syntax method. Armanshahr Journal of Architecture and Urban Planning, 13(31), 169-179 (in Persian).- Movahed, A., Sahraeyan, Z., & Soleimani, M. (2019). Analysis of the relationship between the spatial structure and neighborhood urban sprawl by using space syntax (Case study: Shiraz city). Journal of Geography and Planning, 23(68), 265-284 (in Persian).- Nasr, T. (2019). Identification of key factors affecting on the Shiraz city tourism with a future studies approach. Journal of Research and Urban Planning, 10(37), 55-66 (in Persian).- Pakzad, J. (2014). Urban space design guide. Seventh Edition. Tehran: Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, Deputy of Urban Development and Architecture (in Persian).- Rahmati Gavari, R., Tahbaz, M., Ghodousi Far, S. H., & Zare Mirakabad, F. (2019). Centrality criteria for analyzing the functional layout of space. Journal of Iranian Architecture and Urbanism (JIAU), 10(17), 159-173 (in Persian).- Rashidzadeh, E., & Habibi, F. (2020). Cultural analysis of space in Kurdish residential architecture; Case study: Traditional houses in Mukrian (the city of Sardasht). Journal of Iranian Islamic City, 10(40), 17-31 (in Persian).- Razavizadeh, A. S., & Ghaffari, A. (2020). Assessment of behavioral patterns in the Sultan Mir Ahmad Neighborhood-Kashan, using space syntax analysis technique. Journal of Urban Sustainable Development, 1(1), 15-26 (in Persian).- Rismanchian, O., & Bell, S. (2010). The application of space syntax in studying the structure of the cities. Journal of Fine Arts, 2(43), 49-56 (in Persian).- Saeid Izadi, M., & Sharifi, A. (2015). Evaluating Carl frish's design on spatial structure configuration concerning old contexture in Hamadan (using space syntax technique). Bagh-e Nazar, 12(35), 15-26 (in Persian).- Scorza, F., Fortunato, G., Carbone, R., Murgante, B., & Pontrandolfi, P. (2021). Increasing urban walkability through citizens’ participation processes. Sustainability, 13(11), 5835.- Seyyed Hashemi, S. J., & Jayhani, H. R. (2020). Studying the effect of urban development plans on spatial configuration of Sultan Mir Ahmad neighborhood in Kashan. Journal of Urban Studies, 9(35), 33-46 (in Persian).- Siami, G., & Harivandi, N. (2017). Assessment of walkability in urban networks based on space syntax (Case study: 9th district municipality of Mashhad). Journal of Geographical Urban Planning Research, 5(1), 147-171 (in Persian).- Soares, I., Yamu, C., & Weitkamp, G. (2020). The relationship between the spatial configuration and the fourth sustainable dimension creativity in university campuses: The case study of Zernike campus, Groningen, the Netherlands. Sustainability, 12(21), 9263.- Soltani Fard, H., & Saberi Karizi, Z. (2018). Investigating the effects of configuration on spatial quality of urban parks (Case study: Mashhad urban parks). Journal of Urban Studies, 7(27), 27-40 (in Persian).- Tabatabae Malazi, F., & Sabernejad, J. (2016). The space syntax analytical approach in understanding the configuration of Qeshm vernacular housing (Case study: Laft village). Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, 35(154), 75-88 (in Persian).- Van Nes, A. (2021). Spatial configurations and walkability potentials, measuring urban compactness with space syntax. Sustainability, 13(11), 5785.- Van Nes, A., & Yamu, C. (2020). Exploring challenges in space syntax theory building: The use of positivist and hermeneutic explanatory models. Sustainability, 12(17), 7133.- Wang, S. M., & Huang, C. J. (2019). Using space syntax and information visualization for spatial behavior analysis and simulation. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA), 10(4), 510-521.- Yamu, C., Van Nes, A., & Garau, C. (2021). Bill Hillier’s legacy: Space syntax, a synopsis of basic concepts, measures, and empirical application. Sustainability, 13(6), 3394.- Yazdanpanah, Z., Jafari Mehrabadi, M., & Shokrgozar, A. (2020). Study on the desirability of pedestrian precincts with an approach to urban tourism (Case Study: Central pedestrian precinct of Rasht). Journal of Tourism Planning and Development, 9(1), 71-86 (in Persian).- Zarei, S., & Yeganeh, M. (2019). Evaluation of homogeneity and disreputability of the social sustainability in Persian traditional house (Case study: Kashan). Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Urban Design, 7(1), 99-111 (in Persian).

Ali Ghanbari Barzian, Darush Rahemi, Ali Seraj Hamdani

AbstractToday, cultural capital and its promotion are emphasized in reducing and controlling social issues such as environmental crises. It seems that sustainable development, especially its environmental aspect, depends on cultural and social factors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the cultural and social factors affecting the optimal performance of water resources protection and exploitation groups in Isfahan province. This research is based on sociological theories, the socio-psychological theory of Schwartz's altruistic behavior, Giddens's view, Moore and Maranz's view, and Stern's view. The research method is of descriptive-correlational survey type. The study population included all organizational forces and affiliated companies under the supervision of Isfahan Regional Water Company in 1400 (2021). The total number of statistical population was estimated to be 362 people. Then, 196 people were selected using Morgan's table. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics (mean, variance, standard deviation, minimum and maximum, frequency, and percentage) and inferential statistics (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling method) were also used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 24 and AMOS version 24. The results showed that cultural factors (social trust, social participation, and water conflicts) and social factors (environmental awareness, environmental attitudes, and culture of improving consumption patterns) had an effect on the optimal performance of water conservation and exploitation groups in Isfahan province. Environmental awareness (with a Beta weight of 0.235), environmental attitudes (with a Beta weight of 0.555), consumer culture modification culture (with a Beta weight of 1.063), social trust (with a Beta weight of 0.830), social participation (with a Beta weight of 0.929) and water conflicts (with a Beta weight of 0.909) had an effect on the optimal performance of water conservation and exploitation groups in Isfahan province. Accordingly, the environmental behaviors of citizens and institutions should be eco-oriented and based on people's values, beliefs, and environmental awareness. Therefore, in the new management and practical actions in water sustainability and its environmental challenges, in addition to technical factors, the attitude and environmental knowledge of man and the cultural aspects of his behaviors should also be noticed. The result of this research showed that environmental awareness and knowledge and the weak level of social participation of local users are factors affecting the efficiency and effectiveness of water resources protection groups in Isfahan.Keywords: Environmental Awareness, Conservation and Exploitation Groups, Social Trust and Social Participation, Water Justice and Water Security. Introduction:Water is of fundamental importance in human development. Man's ability to control and exploit water resources to meet his needs has led to the emergence of complex civilizations. In fact, the spread of public belief about the occurrence of climate change is so great that when this phenomenon is brought up, every member of the society remembers their experience in this field. This research aims to investigate and analyze the level of social participation and environmental awareness and the modification of the consumption pattern and water conflicts on the performance of water resources protection and exploitation groups until the role of the mentioned factors from the point of view of these groups is scientifically measured and investigated. The main goal is to introduce these factors and their impact on protecting valuable water resources. Materials and Methods:In this research, a cross-sectional survey method was used with the two goals of description and explanation. At the level of analysis, the goal is to find relationships between independent and dependent variables and try to explain the changes or variance of the dependent variable with respect to the independent variables. The statistical population investigated in this research is all the organizational forces and the forces of affiliated companies under the supervision of the Vice President of Protection and Operation of Isfahan Regional Water Company, which is in the form of quantitative and qualitative protection and operation groups with different classes of subscribers. In other words, consumers of all types of water resources at the level of Isfahan province are connected. The total number of the statistical population was 362 people. Using Morgan's table, 196 people were selected as the statistical sample. A researcher-made questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. It was pre-tested with a statistical sample of 15 people. Research FindingsThe results of the research showed that based on three economic, social, and technical approaches, the agricultural sector was given the first priority with the greatest weight. The weight of the agricultural sector in the mentioned approaches was 0.851, 0.710, and 0.789, respectively. In the environmental approach, the environment sector (Hamon Lagoon) was ranked as the best option with a weight of 0.603, and the agriculture and drinking sectors were ranked second and third with a weight of 0.364 and 0.033, respectively. Discussion of Results and ConclusionComparing the results of the current research with domestic and foreign studies, we conclude that cultural and social factors have an effect on the optimal performance of groups for the protection and exploitation of water resources in Isfahan province. In addition, cultural factors (environmental awareness, environmental attitudes, and consumption pattern modification culture) have an effect on the desired performance of groups for the protection and exploitation of water resources in Isfahan province. Social factors (social trust, social participation, and water conflicts) have an effect on the optimal performance of groups for the protection and exploitation of water resources in Isfahan province. Persian References- Abedi, S. (2020). Water governance and evaluation of its impacts on water and food security. Journal of  Water and Sustainable Development, 7(1), 1-12.- Akbarzadeh, P., Yazdani, M. R., & Nikoo, Sh. (2020). Studying the requirement of water police to control groundwater resources in the Villages Iij, Jovin and Soufiabad of Sorkheh – Semnan. Journal of Geography and Environmental Sustainability, 9(4), 89-102.- Anbari, M., Mohammadi, A., & Rostami, M. (2013). Translation of John Hannigan's environmental sociology. Second Edition. Tehran: Tehran University Press.- Arshadi, M. (2018). Social justice and water, an introduction to concepts and approaches. Kerman: Iran Water Management Think Tank.- Hoshmandan Moghadam Fard, Z., Akhbar, I., & Shams, A. (2016). 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Shogo Mlozi

This study seeks to determine the perceived risks of tourists visiting Tanzania based on their demographic characteristics by using a five-dimensional framework of tourists’ perceived risk. Data was gathered from 136 international tourists through convenient sampling. The perceived risks studied include political risks, performance risks, physical health risks, plan risks, and financial risks. This study has identified significant differences in the tourists’ perceived risks because of gender, age, level of education, income, past travel experience, number of visits, travel companionship, and nationality, which are discussed in this paper. The findings are expected to assist the policymakers, marketing managers, tourists service providers and other stakeholders in Tanzania’s tourism industry must consider. Other studies in the future may use different sampling techniques; also, a follow-up study may be carried out to find how the situation relating to the risks has improved over time. Finally, this study focused on five types of risks; thus, other studies may look at more types of risks

Danielle Pimentel de Oliveira Santos

The sustainable development of the tourist activity is linked to the level of satisfaction of the resident. The opinion and attitudes of the same ones in reference to the tourist activity allow the development of successful tourist planning policies. The municipalities of Canet d'En Berenguer, Cullera and Oliva suffer from summer overcrowding. In the study carried out, the presence of a sun and beach tourism based on urban development could be observed, which gave way to the search for the local level of satisfaction by means of population surveys. It was perceived that the tourist activity is accepted favorably, however it is also noticed that the sensation of overcrowding is present and generating anthropic pressure in the territory, stereotyping the landscape and altering the character of the destination. It is concluded that the local population is beginning to be annoyed by the overcrowding. To this, the administrations offer complementary services and products, without understanding that the problem lies in the typology of urban use implemented as a form of tourist activity and not as a complement to economic, social and environmental development.

Romain Pinel, Romano Gino Segrado Pavón, Alejandro Collantes Chávez-Costa

Los prestadores de servicios turísticos (PST) de buceo son ampliamente beneficiados por la capacidad de atracción turística del Parque Nacional Arrecifes de Cozumel (PNAC), en el Caribe mexicano, pero los valores, creencias y normas acerca de la conservación del espacio natural son diversas, lo cual dificulta lograr una gestión sostenible de los servicios ecosistémicos frente a la presión turística crónica. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las relaciones entre servicio turístico y los valores, creencias y normas de los PST hacia la conservación del PNAC. El método de recolección de datos fue con un grupo focal de prestadores de servicios turísticos de buceo y colaboradores administrativos del PNAC. Se estableció que las intenciones de los prestadores están predeterminadas por sistemas de influencias externos, regulados por grupos de pares sociales más influyentes. Los resultados son útiles para diseñar políticas públicas de conservación y buenas prácticas ambientales para el aprovechamiento turístico y los usos ecosistémicos en el PNAC.

Naydu Judith Jácome-Castilla, Magda Mildreth Rodríguez-Castilla, Marta Milena Peñaranda-Peñaranda

Currently, the term "Social Responsibility" has become strongly associated with corporate image, becoming a key factor in reflecting an organization's commitment to its stakeholders, as well as in implementing actions that promote the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. From this perspective, aspects such as the environment, good treatment of internal and external clients, community engagement in corporate policies, the protection of human rights, and long-term sustainability allow organizations to carry out their activities, seeking not only profit and economic growth, but also directly impacting quality of life, sustainability, respect, and equity. Viewed from the perspective of business management and humanistics, CSR assesses the level of organizational development in relation to respect for and promotion of stakeholder rights. Therefore, based on these postulates, we proceeded to characterize the socially responsible practices related to the human rights dimension carried out by 117 MSMEs dedicated to providing services in the city of Ocaña, Norte de Santander. Based on a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional research, results were obtained that demonstrate how respect for human rights, equality, and social equity are important aspects for employers in the sector, despite the fact that most of them do not have a methodology and/or human resource recruitment strategies that contribute to diversity within their companies.

Hiroki Nakamura

Vanessa GB Gowreesunkar, Seraphin Hugues, Mustafeed Zaman

There is growing evidence that tourism entrepreneurs not only contribute in the socio-economic development of a nation but also in the overall attractiveness of a destination. In fact, numerous studies on the topic have led researchers to conclude that local entrepreneurs are important stakeholders and their supportiveness and/or non-supportiveness has a considerable impact on overall tourism development of a nation. Mauritius, as a small beach destination, is not exempt from this phenomenon. The island, which is popular for its sea, sun and sand, is dependent on its tourism enterprises to promote local resources and sustain tourism businesses. As a result, understanding the exact factors that account for local entrepreneurs’ support and/or non-support for tourism is important, failing which it might be difficult to develop tourism in a sustainable and socially compatible manner. At present, there is a dearth of research in the field of tourism entrepreneurship in Mauritius whereas this sector continues to be an important pillar of the local tourism industry. To address this knowledge gap, the present study analyses local entrepreneurs’ support for tourism development in a specific region of Mauritius. Methodologically, the study takes place using the mixed mode. The quantitative part of the study related to the administration of questionnaires and these were followed by the development of a hypotheses meant to be tested in a logistic regression model. The qualitative data was derived from semi-structured interviews conducted with formal and informal tourism entrepreneurs. The findings culminate into a Logit Model which statistically explains the factors that account for entrepreneurs’ supportiveness towards tourism. The uniqueness of this study lies in the fact that it is the first to propose a Logit Model on local entrepreneurs’ support for tourism development. Findings derived from the study generate important information on factors motivating entrepreneurs to support tourism and are helpful to tourism planners and promoters as well as policy makers. The study winds up with some discussions and proposes avenues for future research.

José Luis Perelló Cabrera

Las actuales tendencias de los viajes y el turismo están sujetas a complejas redes de comportamientos. Nuevos segmentos de viajeros, ligados a destinos turísticos por lazos de identidad, origen y familiaridad; se posicionan en el mercado de viajes y turismo a partir de la movilidad migratoria. La emigración cubana hacia los países desarrollados, fundamentalmente hacia los Estados Unidos y otros países emisores de turismo, se convierte en uno de los fenómenos sociales de mayor impacto para el desarrollo turístico de la Isla. Si en la última década la diáspora se asentó, en mayor o menor medida, en todos los países desarrollados, que son al mismo tiempo los principales emisores de turismo, a partir de ahora están en condiciones de realizar los mayores gastos de viaje en su país de origen. La diáspora cubana deberá constituirse, en los próximos años, en principal mercado turístico; siendo, al mismo tiempo, el mayor generador de ingresos turísticos al destino, puesto que no incurre en gastos importantes con los operadores internacionales. Nuevos productos autóctonos reclamará este segmento cuando visite su país de origen, que sin lugar a dudas, se convertirá en el mercado turístico principal, generador de importantes ingresos.

Lidia Beltran, Josep Roca

Desde el principio del turismo como una actividad masiva a mediados del siglo XIX, nuevas destinaciones turísticas han aparecido para satisfacer el turismo en masa. Entre los diferentes desarrollos urbanos que han tenido lugar hasta ahora, el objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar en el modelo de desarrollo turístico que se está expandiendo internacionalmente, las Nuevas ciudades de vacaciones. Estos asentamientos urbanos pueden alcanzar grandes dimensiones de tamaño y población, así pues producir un impacto económico, político y medioambiental apreciable en su entorno. Pero ¿qué hay del impacto social que estas NCVs suponen? A través del análisis de este caso específico, Marina d’Or, los aspectos sociales fueron investigados con ayuda de un método cuantitativo, la encuesta: usuario tipo, frecuencia de residentes en la ciudad; relación con los vecinos; intensidad de uso del espacio público y su satisfacción y valoración del espacio urbano. Finalmente con metodología cualitativa, Observación activa, la diversidad de su espacio urbano y las maneras de habitar fueron analizadas.    

José Luis Perelló Cabrera

Las actuales tendencias de los viajes y el turismo están sujetas a complejas redes de comportamientos. Nuevos segmentos de viajeros, ligados a destinos turísticos por lazos de identidad, origen y familiaridad; se posicionan en el mercado de viajes y turismo a partir de la movilidad migratoria. La emigración hacia los países desarrollados, fundamentalmente hacia los Estados Unidos y otros países emisores de turismo para el Caribe, se convierte en uno de los fenómenos sociales de mayor envergadura para los países caribeños. Si en las últimas dos décadas la emigración caribeña se asentó, en mayor o menor medida, en todos los países desarrollados, que son al mismo tiempo los principales emisores de turismo, a partir de ahora están en condiciones de integrar un segmento de viajeros capaces de realizar los mayores gastos de viaje en sus lugares de destino, que son al mismo tiempo sus países de origen. La migración internacional se caracteriza por un notable incremento y variados efectos demográficos y de movilidad mundial, cuestión que incidirá en los flujos turísticos internacionales. El segmento a que se refiere este artículo deberá constituirse, en los próximos años, en principal mercado para cada país involucrado; siendo, al mismo tiempo, el mayor generador de ingresos turísticos al destino, puesto que no incurre en gastos importantes con los operadores internacionales. Nuevos productos autóctonos reclamará este segmento cuando visite su país de origen, que sin lugar a dudas, se convertirá en el mercado turístico principal, generador de importantes ingresos de muchos de los países del Caribe.

Wineaster Anderson, Saleh Juma

Este estudio explora los retos vinculados entre la industria turística y los proveedores locales en las destinaciones. Durante el 2010 se realizaron estudios en Zanzíbar entre los tres grupos involucrados: hoteleros y restauradores, proveedores locales y turistas. El resultado del análisis cualitativo de las perspectivas de los encuestados revelan una multitud de coacciones y restricciones. Para los operadores la mayor restricción serían la baja calidad del producto local, la poca formalidad en los negocios, el alto nivel de costes y el incumplimiento de acuerdos por parte de los proveedores locales. El bajo nivel de producción, los bajos precios ofrecidos por los hoteleros y restauradores, en combinación con el pago tardío por los productos suministrados, representan los problemas más serios comentados por los proveedores locales. Existe también un cierto grado de desconfianza mutua entre proveedores locales y operadores. No obstante, desde el punto de vista del turista, el origen de estos productos consumidos en los hoteles y restaurantes, no resulta ser una gran preocupación. Se recomiendan estrategias que unan el desequilibrio entre oferta y demanda con el objetivo de maximizar los beneficios turísticos como método para combatir la intensa pobreza.

Benson Otieno Ndiege

Este trabajo analiza el rendimiento de la industria turística de Tanzania, que depende de la escena turística patrimonio natural recursos naturales en particular mediante la evaluación de la tendencia y la previsión de la demanda turística internacional. El número de llegadas de turistas internacionales en Tanzania se utiliza como aproximación para medir la demanda turística internacional. El uso de los datos para el período de 2001q1- 2010q4 y utilizando el modelo ARIMA, el estudio afirma que la demanda turística internacional en Tanzania está creciendo aunque de muy bajo ritmo de alrededor de 1% por año. Esto es menos que el crecimiento promedio mundial que se ha informado por la Organización Mundial del Turismo (OMT) en 2012 para llegar a 5.4% anual. Por otra parte, la demanda turística internacional Tanzania es cada vez menos competitiva y ha estado fluctuando con los años. Así, para obtener lo suficiente del mundo crece la demanda turística internacional el desarrollo de la escena artificial turismo para complementar el patrimonio natural y el desarrollo de nuevos productos turísticos se debe dar más atención en el desarrollo de la industria turística de Tanzania. 

Ghada Khairat, Azza Maher

Los turoperadores son el elemento clave del sistema turístico; son el nexo entre el turista y el destino. Como resultado, los turoperadores son, de muchas maneras, la clave para conseguir más formas de turismo sostenible. El objetivo de este estudio es examinar la experiencia real de los turoperadores que han adoptado prácticas de sostenibilidad en sus negocios con los propósitos de: 1) Identificar las áreas de implementación prioritarias; 2) Determinar los motivadores más importantes que animan a los turoperadores a adoptar estrategias más responsables; 3) Explorar los resultados y beneficios así como también los mayores obstáculos y barreras que dificultan la integración de estrategias de sostenibilidad en el negoción de los turoperadores. Para este estudio 32 turoperadores han sido investigados. Además, se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad con stakeholders de las destinaciones para reflejar su experiencia. Los resultados revelaron que “Gestión de la cadena de suministros” tiene la prioridad para los turoperadores durante la implementación de prácticas de sostenibilidad. “Construir una imagen pública positiva” es la razón principal para implementar la integración de la sostenibilidad en el negocio. Los resultados también sugieren numerosos beneficios tanto para los turoperadores como para las destinaciones. De todas formas, los dos se encuentran con un número de barreras que los disuade a la hora de aplicar principios sostenibles en el negocio de los turoperadores a gran escala con mayor eficiencia.