Hasil untuk "Special aspects of education"

Naveen Donthu, Anders Gustafsson

The COVID-19 outbreak is a sharp reminder that pandemics, like other rarely occurring catastrophes, have happened in the past and will continue to happen in the future. Even if we cannot prevent dangerous viruses from emerging, we should prepare to dampen their effects on society. The current outbreak has had severe economic consequences across the globe, and it does not look like any country will be unaffected. This not only has consequences for the economy; all of society is affected, which has led to dramatic changes in how businesses act and consumers behave. This special issue is a global effort to address some of the pandemic-related issues affecting society. In total, there are 13 papers that cover different industry sectors (e.g., tourism, retail, higher education), changes in consumer behavior and businesses, ethical issues, and aspects related to employees and leadership.

D. Bishop

Gentur Adi Tjahjono, Afrida Mahavira Harmasita

Geography education plays a crucial role in enhancing students’ environmental awareness. One of the applicable approaches is the integration of local wisdom into the learning process. Local wisdom reflects the traditional ways communities have preserved environmental balance across generations. This study aims to (1) analyse the types of local wisdom in Kerjo District, (2) examine the implementation of local wisdom in geography learning, and (3) assess the impact of local wisdom on students’ understanding of environmental issues. This research employs a qualitative approach using a case study method conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Kerjo, which has implemented local wisdom-based learning. The research subjects include geography teachers and students. Data collection techniques involve observation, interviews, and analysis of teaching materials and school policy documents. The collected data were analysed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings of the study are as follows: (1) Kerjo District has eight types of local wisdom, namely Nyadran, Bersih Desa, Tirakatan, Suran, Gotong Royong, Wetonan, Sedekah Bumi, and Rasulan; (2) The implementation of local wisdom-based education at SMA N 1 Kerjo is not yet optimal; (3) Students’ understanding of environmental topics in geography learning at SMA N 1 Kerjo needs improvement. This study highlights the importance of integrating local wisdom into geography education to strengthen students’ comprehension of environmental issues. It serves as a reference for educators and policymakers in developing more contextual and applicable culturally-based curricula in environmental education.

Serhii Petrukha, Nina Petrukha, Sergii Gasanov et al.

O estudo analisa a transformação do financiamento da educação e da ciência na Ucrânia, que passou de um modelo soviético de manutenção para um sistema competitivo de subsídios, enfrentando os desafios da guerra. O objetivo é examinar a formação e o desenvolvimento desses mecanismos em tempos de conflito e propor direções para sua adaptação à economia pós-guerra. Metodologicamente, baseia-se em análise sistemática e comparativa de relatórios oficiais, documentos internacionais e dados estatísticos, complementada por cálculos econômicos e análise institucional. Os resultados indicam que a criação da Fundação Nacional de Pesquisa da Ucrânia marcou uma transição decisiva para o modelo competitivo. Mesmo durante a guerra, programas como Ciência para a Reconstrução da Ucrânia e Ciência para a Segurança e o Desenvolvimento Sustentável mantêm o apoio científico. Iniciativas internacionais compensam perdas financeiras e fortalecem a integração global, tornando os subsídios instrumento estratégico de modernização e reconstrução.

Pete Leihy , Upasana Singh, Suriamurthee Moonsamy Maistry et al.

This article aims to complement and contribute to the discussion of increasingly acute pressures facing Southern Africa’s education systems due to migration trends, by placing such pressures within the broader context of instability across Africa and comparing this with other global conflict- and scarcity-driven migration patterns. Historically, during the Cold War —spanning from the end of World War II to the early 1990s— certain states, such as apartheid-era South Africa, Chile under political polarisation culminating in the 1973-1990 dictatorship, and communist Romania, witnessed repressive regimes forcing citizens into exile. In the wake of subsequent and ongoing conflicts elsewhere, these countries have now evolved into becoming recipients of exiles, a role informed by national reconciliation processes. While they share a common thread of exile and migration, their transitions to educational hosting reveal unique challenges rooted in historical legacies, economic conditions, and policy responses. Meanwhile, Mauritius provides a point of comparison, as what has historically been a place of exile increasingly loses educated people.

Sanjay Sevak, Ganesan Balamurugan, Naresh Nebhinani

Background: Stress is associated with the development and worsening of depression disorder. Therefore, various stress reduction interventions have been surged to cope with stress and enhance treatment outcomes for patients with depressive disorder. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of nurse-led de-stressful skill interventions (NDSI) among patients with depression. Materials and Methods: Patients with depression disorders aged between 18 and 65 years will be randomly allocated into two groups. The treatment-as-usual (TAU) group patients will receive standard care. In contrast, patients in the NDSI group will receive seven sessions of the NDSI interventions over 8 weeks. Primary outcomes are stress, resilience, self-esteem, coping strategies, and quality of life. Data will be collected at three different intervals: baseline, post-intervention at 8 weeks, and follow-up at 12 weeks. The following standardized instruments will be applied: Perceived Stress Scale, Brief Resilience Scale, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, Brief COPE Scale, Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Conclusion: The finding of this study is expected to determine the effect of NDSI on patients with depression disorder, which would optimize treatment in patients with depression disorder.

Fabian Kieser, Peter Wulff, Jochen Kuhn et al.

Generative AI technologies such as large language models show novel potential to enhance educational research. For example, generative large language models were shown to be capable of solving quantitative reasoning tasks in physics and concept tests such as the Force Concept Inventory (FCI). Given the importance of such concept inventories for physics education research, and the challenges in developing them such as field testing with representative populations, this study seeks to examine to what extent a generative large language model could be utilized to generate a synthetic dataset for the FCI that exhibits content-related variability in responses. We use the recently introduced ChatGPT based on the GPT 4 generative large language model and investigate to what extent ChatGPT could solve the FCI accurately (RQ1) and could be prompted to solve the FCI as if it were a student belonging to a different cohort (RQ2). Furthermore, we study, to what extent ChatGPT could be prompted to solve the FCI as if it were a student having a different force- and mechanics-related preconception (RQ3). In alignment with other research, we found that ChatGPT could accurately solve the FCI. We furthermore found that prompting ChatGPT to respond to the inventory as if it belonged to a different cohort yielded no variance in responses, however, responding as if it had a certain preconception introduced much variance in responses that approximate real human responses on the FCI in some regards.

Christopher Holligan, Andrew Killen

 Collaboration is the social dimension of scientific inquiry. Research collaboration is a field of academic research containing scientific and increasingly commercialized dimensions. This narrative analysis investigates questions about authorship and motivation. Aside from educational research, wider research collaboration literature is dominated by a focus on ‘hard’ sciences. Unresolved are ethical issues regarding the integrity of knowledge contribution claims listed on journal publications. Despite modest recognition by the UK’s Research Excellence Framework (REF), scientific naming protocols on published journal articles inevitably shape, rightly or wrongly, the status strength of authors’ symbolic capital and ranking as well as permit departments to submit each named author to the UK’s REF, thereby gaining the benefits of additional monetary and scientific capital accumulation. 

B. R. Ra’ees Manshadi, S. K. Alavi Langroudi, Ph.D., A. Zandvanian, Ph.D.

An extracurricular activity is an activity, performed by students, that falls outside the realm of the normal curriculum of school.  It is demonstrated that involvement in these activities have a positive impact on the participant’s life. Extracurricular activities instill key skills and personality traits that can be helpful in other walks of life. The purpose of the present study was to identify the comprehensive structure of extracurricular activities for female junior high school students in Yazd (District 1) in 2017-18 school year. This study had a mixed methods design (content analysis in the qualitative part and descriptive survey type in the quantitative part). The statistical population was comprised of three groups, i.e., school principals (28 individuals), female students (7000 individuals), and mothers (7000 individuals). In the qualitative part, ten school principals were selected through purposive sampling method and then interviewed based on saturation principle. In the next step, 375 students and 355 mothers were selected by random cluster sampling method and completed two researcher-made questionnaires. The qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed via content analysis and Friedman's ANOVA, respectively. The triangulation of the results showed that the extracurricular activities priorities for school principals, students and their mothers were sports activities, arts and cultural activities, skill-based and vocational activities, autonomous activities at home, educational and academic activities, and religious activities, respectively. The findings of this research can be utilized for designing and implementing extracurricular activities at schools.

H. Yusuf

The provision of quality teachers is central to a nation’s education system. This study evaluated two universities, based on teacher education curriculum models (concurrent and consecutive) using Stake’s Antece-dents-Transactions-Outcomes (ATO) evaluation model, on the subject content and education components. The study was a descriptive type using a survey method. The sample comprised 514 teachers from selected secondary schools (188 consecutive and 326 concurrent), Research instrument was the Teachers Questionnai-re on Evaluation of Models of Teacher Education Curricula (TQEMTEC). The results indicated that teachers rated the consecutive teacher education curriculum model to be better. On the improvements needed, teacher educators suggested the inclusion of special education and more subject contents area for students enrolled in the concurrent, and an increase in the number of years for the pedagogical and practical aspects of the consecutive models. Results of the hypotheses indicated a significant difference between the views of tea-chers exposed to the concurrent and those exposed to consecutive teacher education models on subject con-tent, (t =2.47; df=512; Sig= 0.014 p 0.05). Based on the findings, a recommendation was made that the two models of teacher education should be further strengthened through improved subject content, particu-larly for the concurrent teacher education program.

M.S. movahedifar, M. Taghvaee Yazdi, Mohammad Salehi

Background and Objectives: Today, the creation of shared value between institutions, organizations and businesses is one of the important factors of economic growth and business development and improving stakeholder relations. Therefore, this study aimed to design and validate a tool to measure shared value creation in technology businesses with a practical purpose. The main goal of the researcher in the present study was to answer this question: what are the dimensions of the common value creation evaluation tool for technology businesses? The study further attempted  to design and validate psychometrics co-value creation tools for technology businesses.Methods: The research adopted a mixed method (grounded theory). Qualitative statistical population consisted of CEOs and board members in the field of information technology and technology businesses and new technology-based businesses. Through purposeful sampling method in accordance with the law of saturation of opinions, 14 people were selected. Statistical community in the qantitative part included more than 2773 companies active in the information technology industry, which are available on the website (www.ictkey.ir) and, consequently, the same number of top and senior managers; Also, due to lack of accurate transparency of information about the statistical community and considering the sample size formula without a statistical population in terms of proportion of 408 first, second and third tier managers working in the field of technology businesses, especially in the field of IT&ICT and new areas of technology, the public and private institutions or companies in Tehran were included by simple random sampling. The primary tool was extensive study of theoretical foundations, previous research, related articles and interviews with experts, which eventually led to the design of the initial questionnaire. Then, face validity and quantitative and qualitative content were examined and its reliability was determined by Cronbach's alpha method and combined reliability with a value above 0.7. Finally, the confirmatory factor analysis of the mentioned tool was confirmed using SPSS21 and Samartpls3 software.Findings: Findings indicate that in formal and quantitative validity content, the effects score of items less than 1.5 and content validity ratio less than 0.62 and content validity index less than 0.79 were removed, which included categories such as internal and external stakeholders, mental integrity and agreements, social psychology, resources and benefits, foresight & futurism, win-win cultural feature, analysis, initiation and pioneering. The results of confirmatory factor analysis test showed that the dimensions of shared value creation include 12 dimensions describing: interactive processes, technology performance/ functionality, customer focus, sustainable value, co-creation requirements, value creation, culture, decision making, economics, value learning, Policies and rules and regulations, opportunities and indicators include 28 components such as needs assessment/needs building, participation and production of shared value, satisfaction and indexable, operation of smart tools/tools, paradigm/technological view, customer, service-based, Based on continuous processes, and model and strategy, social and legal areas, infrastructure, information acquisition and sharing, policy/governance, value generation and absorption, stimulus, benefit sharing, cultural variable, online and up-to-date proposing system, financial, optimal consumption, investors, defining and applying the concept of value, university and higher education, fostering creative manpower, protecting intellectual property, government support policies, motivating and brainstorming individuals, creation opportunities.Conclusion: In evaluating the validity of the structure, the factor load value of all items, appropriate values above 0.4, the reliability of both criteria (Cronbach's alpha, combined reliability), all dimensions above 0.7, the mean extracted variance and all dimensions greater than 0.5 were obtained and approved. Finally, the findings of this study indicated that the designed tool included 12 dimensions and 28 components that had appropriate and strong credibility and reliability and can be used to assess the joint co-creation of value in technological businesses for business excellence and development and creating a new business and economic environment. 

Marilyn Cochran-Smith

ABSTRACT Consistent with the anniversary theme of this special issue of ATE, this article offers an overview of 40 years of advocacy for social justice- and equity-centered teacher preparation through three extended examples from the author’s own work. Arranged chronologically and shaped by differing policy and political landscapes, the examples represent contrasting genres of scholarship emerging from the author’s involvement in different aspects of the work of teacher education. Each example provides a snapshot of equity-related advocacy work in teacher preparation at a particular point in time and a particular social and political context. Taken together, the three examples also suggest that a number of key questions recur in advocacy (and controversy) related to justice- and equity-oriented teacher preparation, including: What is the meaning of equity in teacher preparation? What is the meaning of practice? What kinds of knowledge are needed to teach well? What does it mean to learn to teach? The article comments on the shifting policy contexts that have shaped efforts to advocate for justice- and equity-oriented teacher education. It concludes by connecting 40 years of advocacy to a major current controversy related to equity and teacher education.

Y. Kato, B. Liew, A. Sufianov et al.

Globally, the discipline of neurosurgery has evolved remarkably fast. Despite being one of the latest medical specialties, which appeared only around hundred years ago, it has witnessed innovations in the aspects of diagnostics methods, macro and micro surgical techniques, and treatment modalities. Unfortunately, this development is not evenly distributed between developed and developing countries. The same is the case with neurosurgical education and training, which developed from only traditional apprentice programs in the past to more structured, competence-based programs with various teaching methods being utilized, in recent times. A similar gap can be observed between developed and developing counties when it comes to neurosurgical education. Fortunately, most of the scholars working in this field do understand the coherent relationship between neurosurgical education and neurosurgical practice. In context to this understanding, a symposium was organized during the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) Special World Congress Beijing 2019. This symposium was the brain child of Prof. Yoko Kato—one of the eminent leaders in neurosurgery and an inspiration for female neurosurgeons. Invited speakers from different continents presented the stages of development of neurosurgical education in their respective countries. This paper summarizes the outcome of these presentations, with particular emphasis on and the challenges faced by developing countries in terms of neurosurgical education and strategies to cope with these challenges.

D. Mayer, A. Oancea

This Special Issue includes papers that highlight aspects of teacher education research, policy and practice in Australia, England, Northern Ireland, the USA, and Wales. In this editorial, we examine the current teacher education policy context, teacher education research and its foci, and methodological developments in the area, and draw on the papers in this issue to suggest future directions for teacher education research.

Bhuvan Jyoti, Manisha Kiran, Rahul Srivastava et al.

BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus that causes COVID-19, mainly spreads through respiratory droplets. The dental profession is particularly at risk. Routine dental care was suspended after the announcement of the first lockdown in India. This makes the group vulnerable to psychosocial consequences. The present study aims to evaluate the psychosocial issues among dental professionals during COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 627 dental professionals of India, using online Google Forms from April 23, 2020, through April 30, 2020. Participants were evaluated using self-constructed and self-administered personal and professional hardship and fear checklist specifically developed for this study. The 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Depression Scale and 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale and PHQ-15 were used to assess the depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms. RESULTS: Fear had a remarkable impact on 80.7% of responders. Among the participants, 40.5%, 24.5%, and 30.6% reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms, respectively. Somatic symptoms were significantly associated with gender (P = 0.000). Work setting was significantly associated with depression (P = 0.011) and anxiety symptoms (P = 0.001). Concern, worry, and fear due to COVID-19 were significantly associated with depression (P = 0.000), anxiety (P = 0.033), and somatic symptoms (P = 0.009). There was a positive correlation between depression and anxiety symptoms (P = 0.01) and between age and somatic symptoms (P = 0.5). CONCLUSIONS: This group reported a high level of depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms. Female dental professionals and private practitioners had more depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms. Immediate and special intervention is needed for this group. Further exploration into the nature and its effects of the psychological symptoms may be required.

Ali Khaleghkhah, Ebrahim Aryani ghizghapan, Parvaneh Mohammadi

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of teaching based on art educational tools on students' academic burnout. This research based on the main strategy; is quantitative, based on data collection; is whole experiment with the control group and random assignment; based on analytical technique; is whole experiment type of pre-test and post-test design with the control group. The statistical population of this study was the students of intelligent schools in the 9th grade (first grade high school) in Sanandaj city in the academic year of 2017-2018. Sampling method was purposeful and 40 students selected randomly in two groups of experimental group (20 people) and control (20 people). Geography lessons were taught in the experimental group with teaching method based on art teaching tools and in the control group by conventional teaching methods in schools. To assess the burnout, a scalar burnout questionnaire was used. The data were analyzed by using the Multivariate covariance analysis (Mancova) with spss.vs.22 software. The result of the analysis showed that after modifying the pre-test scores, the effect of the factor between the subjects (membership in the experimental group and using method based on art tools, membership in the control group and the lack of use of the aesthetic method) on the dependent variables of burnout, academic fatigue, academic unwillingness and inadequacy are significant and causes the difference between the burnout and its triple components, in the control and experimental groups. The findings of the present study highlight the necessity of paying attention to teaching based on art educational tools and their positive effects in schools.

André Luís Miranda de Barcellos Coelho

Inspirado na leitura de Japiassu (1976) sobre interdisciplinaridade, este trabalho explora a possibilidade de uma abordagem psicobiofísica no estudo da visão humana em salas de aula de ensino médio, dentro do contexto da disciplina de física. Uma abordagem que se vale de conhecimentos das neurociências (relação entre processos bioquímicos e o processamento visual), da biologia (sobretudo a teoria da evolução biológica) e da física (interação luz-matéria). Isto é feito de maneira tal que a compreensão sobre os conceitos físicos concernentes à física ondulatória seja indispensável. Como eixo integrador dessa abordagem, utilizamos a teoria da evolução biológica que se entende ser a teoria mais adequada para se compreender a complexidade que envolve o funcionamento da visão humana. Aproveito o ensejo para elencar alguns conceitos centrais desta teoria (tais como seleção natural, população, indivíduo, fenótipo, genótipo) com a finalidade de estabelecer base suficientemente sólida para que um professor de física que atue no ensino médio seja capaz de promover uma discussão competente sobre o tema.

L. Daniela, Miltiadis Demetrios Lytras

C. Tilbury, T. Haanstra, C. Leichtenberg et al.

Filippos Giannakas, A. Papasalouros, G. Kambourakis et al.

ABSTRACT For elementary students, security and privacy education is anticipated to be more joyful when the knowledge is delivered in the form of a digital game-based learning activity. This paper details on the development of a novel learning platform that comprises a web-based Learning Content Management Systems (LCMS) and a mobile client application (app) for educating and raising young learners’ awareness on basic cybersecurity and privacy issues. The app, which comprises a suite of quick games, can be played either in standalone or in client/server mode and it is especially destined to elementary students. Further, due to the anytime and anywhere characteristics of the app, it can be experienced as a classroom or an outdoor learning activity. Contrary to analogous studies found in the literature so far, during the design phase of the app, our focus was not solely on its technological aspects, but we uniformly paid special attention to the educational factor by applying the Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction (ARCS) model of motivation. A preliminary evaluation of the app, including learning effectiveness, usability, and user’s satisfaction was conducted with 52 elementary-aged students. Among others, the results show that the interaction with the app significantly increases the mean performance of the participants by almost 20%.