Hasil untuk "Social Sciences"

C. Bail, Lisa P. Argyle, Taylor W. Brown et al.

Significance Social media sites are often blamed for exacerbating political polarization by creating “echo chambers” that prevent people from being exposed to information that contradicts their preexisting beliefs. We conducted a field experiment that offered a large group of Democrats and Republicans financial compensation to follow bots that retweeted messages by elected officials and opinion leaders with opposing political views. Republican participants expressed substantially more conservative views after following a liberal Twitter bot, whereas Democrats’ attitudes became slightly more liberal after following a conservative Twitter bot—although this effect was not statistically significant. Despite several limitations, this study has important implications for the emerging field of computational social science and ongoing efforts to reduce political polarization online. There is mounting concern that social media sites contribute to political polarization by creating “echo chambers” that insulate people from opposing views about current events. We surveyed a large sample of Democrats and Republicans who visit Twitter at least three times each week about a range of social policy issues. One week later, we randomly assigned respondents to a treatment condition in which they were offered financial incentives to follow a Twitter bot for 1 month that exposed them to messages from those with opposing political ideologies (e.g., elected officials, opinion leaders, media organizations, and nonprofit groups). Respondents were resurveyed at the end of the month to measure the effect of this treatment, and at regular intervals throughout the study period to monitor treatment compliance. We find that Republicans who followed a liberal Twitter bot became substantially more conservative posttreatment. Democrats exhibited slight increases in liberal attitudes after following a conservative Twitter bot, although these effects are not statistically significant. Notwithstanding important limitations of our study, these findings have significant implications for the interdisciplinary literature on political polarization and the emerging field of computational social science.

L. Litman, Jonathan Robinson, Tzvi Abberbock

In recent years, Mechanical Turk (MTurk) has revolutionized social science by providing a way to collect behavioral data with unprecedented speed and efficiency. However, MTurk was not intended to be a research tool, and many common research tasks are difficult and time-consuming to implement as a result. TurkPrime was designed as a research platform that integrates with MTurk and supports tasks that are common to the social and behavioral sciences. Like MTurk, TurkPrime is an Internet-based platform that runs on any browser and does not require any downloads or installation. Tasks that can be implemented with TurkPrime include: excluding participants on the basis of previous participation, longitudinal studies, making changes to a study while it is running, automating the approval process, increasing the speed of data collection, sending bulk e-mails and bonuses, enhancing communication with participants, monitoring dropout and engagement rates, providing enhanced sampling options, and many others. This article describes how TurkPrime saves time and resources, improves data quality, and allows researchers to design and implement studies that were previously very difficult or impossible to carry out on MTurk. TurkPrime is designed as a research tool whose aim is to improve the quality of the crowdsourcing data collection process. Various features have been and continue to be implemented on the basis of feedback from the research community. TurkPrime is a free research platform.

Rehan Ahmad, Muhammad Nawaz, M. Ishaq et al.

Social exchange theory (SET) is one of the most influential theories in social sciences, which has implications across various fields. Despite its usefulness being a typical social transaction, there is a need to look at it from the lens of psychological transactions to further its evolution and to identify future directions. After generally reviewing 3,649 articles from the Social Science Citation Index and Scopus, a total of 46 articles were selected for final review using a comprehensive systematic review approach. We have highlighted the need for further research in psychological transactions, reciprocity principles, exchange relations, and the impact of various factors on the exchange process. Among other exchange rules (social, economic, and psychological) and transactions (social, economic, and psychological), this research provides an elevation platform for the less explored exchange rules in psychological transactions. Among other theories in the social sciences, social exchange theory is a theory that shadows many other theories under its umbrella.

M. Plume

D. Hinkle, W. Wiersma, S. Jurs

B. Latour

P. Rosenau

Post-modernism offers a revolutionary approach to the study of society: in questioning the validity of modern science and the notion of objective knowledge, this movement discards history, rejects humanism, and resists any truth claims. In this comprehensive assessment of post-modernism, Pauline Rosenau traces its origins in the humanities and describes how its key concepts are today being applied to, and are restructuring, the social sciences. Serving as neither an opponent nor an apologist for the movement, she cuts through post-modernism's often incomprehensible jargon in order to offer all readers a lucid exposition of its propositions. Rosenau shows how the post-modern challenge to reason and rational organization radiates across academic fields. For example, in psychology it questions the conscious, logical, coherent subject; in public administration it encourages a retreat from central planning and from reliance on specialists; in political science it calls into question the authority of hierarchical, bureaucratic decision-making structures that function in carefully defined spheres; in anthropology it inspires the protection of local, primitive cultures from First World attempts to reorganize them. In all of the social sciences, she argues, post-modernism repudiates representative democracy and plays havoc with the very meaning of "left-wing" and "right-wing." Rosenau also highlights how post-modernism has inspired a new generation of social movements, ranging from New Age sensitivities to Third World fundamentalism. In weighing its strengths and weaknesses, the author examines two major tendencies within post-modernism, the largely European, skeptical form and the predominantly Anglo-North-American form, which suggests alternative political, social, and cultural projects. She draws examples from anthropology, economics, geography, history, international relations, law, planning, political science, psychology, sociology, urban studies, and women's studies, and provides a glossary of post-modern terms to assist the uninitiated reader with special meanings not found in standard dictionaries.

K. Knorr-Cetina

Rahul M. Dodhia

M. Douglas

S. Jackman

K. Jones

T. Dunning

James T. Croasmun, L. Ostrom

J. Mahoney

Belinda Lopéz-Galán, Tiziana de-Magistris

Abstract This study analyses the influence of geographical origin and taste on honey consumer behavior. First, we explore the influence of geographical origin on consumers’ hedonic evaluation of honey. We then assess the influence of geographical origin and taste on their willingness to pay (WTP) for honey. We conducted a field experiment at a real supermarket. The participants were exposed to two treatments (blind and informed treatment). The findings showed that knowledge about the geographical origin of honey influences consumers’ hedonic evaluations and that the WTP for honey is more strongly influenced by geographical origin than by taste.

Adrián Celentano

El artículo se concentra en una faceta del intelectual gramsciano José Aricó apenas tenida en cuenta, la condición de biógrafo de Mao Tse Tung. Editada como fascículo por el Centro Editor de América Latina, la biografía de Mao que Aricó preparó en 1971 seguramente sea su texto más reeditado y vendido en esa década. En estas páginas reconstruimos, en primer lugar, la red editorial en la que se inscribió el fascículo. Luego nos detenemos en la relación explícita que el fascículo trazó con la intelectualidad maoísta europea de entonces, específicamente con la historiadora italiana Enrica Collotti Pischel que en 1965 había editado una biografía similar; para finalmente dedicarnos a la relación tácita que el fascículo mantuvo con las tesis de Gramsci.

Raúl Vázquez-López

RESUMEN: Este trabajo tiene por objetivo principal analizar, a la luz de las fluctuaciones de los precios de los commodities, la evolución de la integración de países latinoamericanos seleccionados (Argentina, Brasil, Colombia, Chile, México y Perú) en cadenas globales de valor (CGV) durante el periodo 1998-2018. A partir de información proveniente de las matrices insumo-producto globales de la OCDE, se calculan los encadenamientos backward y forward, así como la participación y posicionamiento en CGV, de los casos seleccionados, utilizando una descomposición matemática de las exportaciones en términos de valor agregado. La representación de trayectorias de posicionamiento en CGV, para cada país en el tiempo, arroja evidencia de comportamientos inerciales y dependientes de las fluctuaciones de los precios de los commodities. Se concluye que la integración de países latinoamericanos en CGV fue acotada debido principalmente a la reprimarización de las economías y a la ausencia o fracaso de políticas de industrialización.

Elda Marta Suri, Dewi Kristiani Bawamenewi

The implementation of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) in English language education is increasingly relevant in the context of globalization, particularly in higher education aimed at preparing students for professional demands. This study aims to analyze the implementation of ESP instruction in the English Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Ekasakti Padang. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, involving classroom observation, interviews with lecturers and students, and analysis of syllabi and teaching materials. Findings indicate that ESP is partially applied, focusing on the development of academic and vocational language competencies. However, several challenges persist, such as limited lecturer training in ESP pedagogy and the lack of domain-specific teaching resources. The study concludes that successful ESP implementation requires institutional support, ongoing professional development, and curriculum adaptation based on needs analysis.

Saman Ange-Michel Gougou, Hoho Inès Palé

This paper aims to describe the digitalization in Educative system in Côte d’Ivoire according to the Education 4.0 paradigm to promote digital appropriation and build social resilience in a challenging context. Through a multisite ethnography case study in Côte d’Ivoire, a West African country, observation, interviews, and focus groups were used to collect data from a convenience sample of 20 participants (students, educators, parents, administrators) settled in 3 cities of the country. Based on Education 4.0 lenses, findings underlined the benefits and challenges of techno-pedagogy and technology integration according to Educative institutions' capacities in terms of Competencies, Learning methods, Information and communication technologies (ICT) categories, and Infrastructure levels. Moreover, participants show the integration of 21st century learning as an approach to support digital as a tool of educative resilience. As recommendations, an educative system approach including techno-pedagogy and 21st century pedagogy is a strategic approach for an effective educative system in Côte d’ Ivoire in this changing world, according to SDGs and internationalization of education trends.