Hasil untuk "Shipment of goods. Delivery of goods"

S. June Kim

The Korean shipping industry, which had been striving to recover from the Asian Financial Crisis, underwent significant quantitative expansion between 2004 and 2008. This growth was largely fueled by the so-called “China Effect,” which generated a global shipping boom, during which an average of 20 new ocean-going shipping companies were founded annually in Korea. However, the waning of the China Effect in 2008, compounded by the global financial crisis, triggered a renewed downturn in the industry. Drawing on previously unreleased application data submitted to the Korea Shipowners’ Association, this paper analyzes the dynamics and characteristics of Korea’s shipping boom during the China-led surge and examines the industry's response to the subsequent crisis between 2008 and 2010. The findings shed light on the structural factors behind Korea’s emergence as a global maritime power and provide a historical foundation for future quantitative research on post-2010 developments.

Ujjwal Kumar, Souvik Roy

We consider a set $E$ of $m$ indivisible goods and a set $N$ consisting of $n \geq 2$ agents. The paper shows that if two agents have \textit{arbitrary} set monotonic valuation functions and the remaining agents have size monotonic valuation functions, then EFX allocations always exist.

Gabriel FUENTES, Stein W. WALLACE, Roar ADLAND

This study explores the influence of uncertain waiting times together with uncertain fuel prices, in the selection of bunker fuel stops for a shipowner engaged in tramp shipping. We analyze the stochastic bunkering waiting times in the bunkering optimization problem using scenarios constructed from vessels' Automatic Information System (AIS) records and test their relevance to the bunkering decision. Our findings highlight the tradeoff between port efficiency, as characterized by waiting times, and the economic advantages of purchasing bunkers from cheaper port options and finishing the voyage in higher-priced bunker regions. Although the absence of waiting time would have produced similar results in our empirical setup, introducing waiting times altered the dynamics, making a price-attractive port like Piraeus not as attractive when risk-aversion is modeled, particularly given the risk of prolonged waiting.

Tracey J.M. McKay, Babra Duri, Ashley Gunter

Background: Transport systems are an essential feature of functional urban settlements. Yet, almost all of South Africa’s secondary cities and small towns lack a true public transportation system. Because of this, quasi-public, privately operated mini-bus taxis are the main form of transport for most urban residents. Thohoyandou, Limpopo, a town of over 70 000 people, is a typical South African town in this regard. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to understand passenger experiences of mini-bus taxis in Thohoyandou, Limpopo province, South Africa. Method: This study used semi-structured interviews to explore the mobility challenges faced by the residents of Thohoyandou. Results: This study revealed several negative aspects impacting passenger experiences. Passengers consistently reported concerns regarding driver’s behaviour that compromised safety and security. This included overloading of vehicles and disregard for traffic regulations. Passengers also highlighted the challenges posed by poor transport infrastructure and a lack of reliable service. Collectively, these factors contribute to limited mobility options, increased transportation costs and a reduced quality of life. Furthermore, the shortcomings of mini-bus taxi services disproportionately affect people with disability, who already face significant societal barriers, further marginalising them within the transportation system. Conclusion: The government should increase investment in transport infrastructure, the enforcement of traffic laws and better driver training. However, a strong government combined with much political will is required if passengers and safety are to be the main priorities of the mini-bus taxi industry. Contribution: This study highlights challenges faced by public transport users in Thohoyandou, where mini-bus taxis serve as the main mode of transport. The challenges experienced by transport users not only reduce their mobility but also contribute to marginalisation of vulnerable groups, especially people with disability.

Eva Komba, Dr. Elia Mwanga, Dr.Boniphace Luhende

The article shows critical appraisals on recent case of Pan African Energy Tanzania Ltd v. Tanzania Revenue Authorityunder the sphere of tax administration. It examines whether the decision of the case enhanced fair play to both taxpayers and tax authorities. Specifically, the article examines the consideration made by the tax authorities and court upon uncertainty of the tax laws when the taxpayer defends their cases upon refusal of waiver. In this aspect, the article draws attention to two aspects which are; the procedural fairness and presumption of honest on the side of taxpayers. The article concludes that, it is very difficult for the taxpayer to defend oneself successful on lodged objections before the Commissioner General especially on being seen as an honest person upon objecting the assessed taxes. Finally, the article recommends that, the taxpayers’ rights should be considered when it appears the wording of the statutes are uncertain.

Helle Hagli Sønnervik, Mohamed Kais Msakni, Peter Schütz

This study addresses the pressing need for the Norwegian fishery sector to align with national reduction targets and mitigate its environmental impact. Norway has committed to reducing GHG emissions from the fishery sector by at least 40% by 2030 and 95% by 2050. We propose a mathematical model designed for the strategic renewal of the Norwegian fishing fleet by introducing low- and zero-emission propulsion systems. This model generates fleet renewal schedules that minimize the total operational and renewal costs while ensuring compliance with emission targets. We apply our model to a case study based on the Norwegian fishing fleet and determine the optimal decarbonization strategy. We then analyze the impact of changes in energy costs and emission taxes on this strategy through a sensitivity analysis Our results indicate that (1) fleet renewal is mainly driven by the emission reduction targets, rather than economic benefits, and (2) zero-emission propulsion systems are preferable to low-emission propulsion systems when decarbonizing the fleet.

ManWo Ng, Wayne K. Talley

Lawrence M. Mojaki, Tite Tuyikeze, Nkanyiso K. Ndlovu

Background: Public procurement in South Africa is challenged by conventional methods that pave the way for human interference resulting in fraud and corruption, delays, unaccountability and poor performance of the value chain in the procurement process. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the Industry 4.0 capabilities for public procurement improvement. To address the challenges presented by the traditional manual procurement systems, the study embarked on a transformative journey by identifying the prospects and benefits of Industry 4.0 technologies in public procurement in South Africa, and the significance and application thereof. Method: The study followed a six-step qualitative research methodology of content and thematic analysis which facilitated an understanding of the procurement process in South Africa and how it can be automated using Industry 4.0 technologies. Results: The study revealed that Industry 4.0 technologies are crucial as they present digitalisation opportunities through platforms such as e-design, e-inform, e-sourcing, e-evaluation and e-contract. The platform will improve the process, encourage legislation compliance and achieve its goals as outlined in the constitution and Public Finance Management Act of 1996. Conclusion: Implementing digital procurement will assist the government in achieving its policy requirements of value for money, open and effective competition, ethics and fair dealings, accountability and reporting, and equity. The technologies represent a strategic response to the challenges facing public procurement. Contribution: The study contributed to the body of knowledge by presenting the prospects and benefits of Industry 4.0 technologies. In addition, it highlighted the significance and application to the South African public sector.

Veronika Tiupysheva, Nadiia Reznik, Alona Zahorodnia

Warehouse logistics plays an increasingly important role in the activities of enterprises and modern society in general. Warehouses are used both by manufacturing enterprises to store raw materials, materials and products ready for shipment, and by trading companies that store finished products there. The optimality of the work of industrial enterprises, the speed of turnover in trading companies, as well as the level of customer satisfaction depend on the efficiency of warehouse management. To organize an effective business, you need to be able to properly manage resources, flows and means. The main element of warehouse logistics is a warehouse, the purpose of which in modern conditions is no longer the storage of goods, it is transformed into a transshipment point for the provision of modern services of cross-docking, assembly, consolidation, sorting, labeling of goods in order to minimize the costs of transportation and storage of goods and reducing delivery time. This article analyzes modern warehouse logistics management mechanisms and examines its main types. It was determined that the growth of the consumer society and the rapid development of electronic commerce require innovative solutions to ensure higher warehousing efficiency. The world and Ukrainian market of warehouse services and its growth rates were also analyzed. The impact of digital transformation on requirements for warehouse logistics management is determined. On the basis of the research carried out, directions for the development of warehouse logistics in the modern world were identified.

Carlos Alberto Ferro

Una crisis inmobiliaria, tal como la que ocurrió en EE. UU. entre 2007 y 2009, puede desencadenar una intensa crisis crediticia tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. La disminución de la construcción y la sobrevaloración de los activos pueden propagar la recesión e incertidumbre, afectando inicialmente al sistema financiero y posteriormente a la economía en general. Tanto el sector público como el privado pueden verse afectados, por lo que la rapidez y precisión en las decisiones de rescate por parte de los gobiernos resultan cruciales. Este trabajo aborda la actual crisis inmobiliaria en China, la cual tiene un impacto significativo en el sistema financiero del país y compromete otras áreas como el endeudamiento público y el crecimiento económico, debido a la magnitud de los valores en disputa

Fangzhi Wang, Hua Liao, Richard S. J. Tol et al.

Carbon abatement decisions are usually based on the implausible assumption of constant social preference. This paper focuses on a specific case of market and non-market goods, and investigates the optimal climate policy when social preference for them is also changed by climate policy in the DICE model. The relative price of non-market goods grows over time due to increases in both relative scarcity and appreciation of it. Therefore, climbing relative price brings upward the social cost of carbon denominated in terms of market goods. Because abatement decision affects the valuation of non-market goods in the utility function, unlike previous climate-economy models, we solve the model iteratively by taking the obtained abatement rates from the last run as inputs in the current run. The results in baseline calibration advocate a more stringent climate policy, where endogenous social preference to climate policy raises the social cost of carbon further by roughly 12%-18% this century. Moreover, neglecting changing social preference leads to an underestimate of non-market goods damages by 15%. Our results support that climate policy is self-reinforced if it favors more expensive consumption type.

Matan Gilboa

We complete the characterization of the computational complexity of equilibrium in public goods games on graphs. In this model, each vertex represents an agent deciding whether to produce a public good, with utility defined by a "best-response pattern" determining the best response to any number of productive neighbors. We prove that the equilibrium problem is NP-complete for every finite non-monotone best-response pattern. This answers the open problem of [Gilboa and Nisan, 2022], and completes the answer to a question raised by [Papadimitriou and Peng, 2021], for all finite best-response patterns.

Lixia Huang, Jun Zhao

The service network design problem is one of the key problems in the field of railroad intermodal transportation of hazardous materials (hazmat). It lies in determining the frequency of the trains and the allocation of both hazardous and ordinary shipments to these trains, as well as the railroad connecting plan of all shipments based on the established train formation plan. Based on a unified method, we build a multiobjective mixed‐integer linear‐programming model that comprehensively considers both hazardous and ordinary materials, the compatibility of goods and services, the capacity of the transfer station, and the delivery time limit of each shipment. An augmented ε‐constraint algorithm is customized to solve the model. Computational results of a practical example in China show that an increase of 8.4 million yuan in the total cost could reduce nearly 24541 the total risk. Moreover, the algorithms comparison and sensitivity analysis indicate that the augmented ε‐constraint algorithm is a more suitable approach to handle the model because of its advantage in the uniqueness of distinct nondominated solutions. Finally, the sensitivity analysis shows that the total cost and risk could simultaneously be reduced if the delivery time limit is relaxed or if the transfer time is shortened.

Krishnasuri Narayanam, Pankaj S. Dayama, Sandeep Nishad

Invoice factoring is an invoice financing process where business organizations sell their invoices to banks or financial institutions at a discount to gain faster access to the invoice amount. Carrier organizations, in global trade, exercise invoice factoring to gain quick access to the money they get paid for the shipment of consignments by shippers. Carriers initiate invoice factoring once the invoices are available after the goods delivery. We propose accelerating invoice factoring by predicting the invoice amount at different milestone events as the freight transport progresses from supplier to shipper using smart contracts on a blockchain network operated by the global trade logistics participants. Accurate prediction of the invoice value for ongoing shipment enables the carrier organization to initiate invoice factoring on the trade finance network before the completion of goods delivery to the shipper. Further, based on the past accuracy of prediction models, the financial institutions may choose to release the invoice amount in installments at different freight transportation milestone events.

In its twelfth Postal Sector Report (2021), the Monopolies Commission recommends a "large-scale" amendment to the German Postal Act, which has been in force almost unchanged since 1997. This includes the revision of the pricing principles, the extension of access obligations in mail delivery networks to include the shipment of goods and press, and the expansion of Deutsche Post AG’s obligations to hand over business contracts. In addition, the Commission is examining the role of Amazon in the parcel market. On the one hand, the company stimulates competition; on the other hand, there is a risk that Amazon could leverage its market power as the larest online marketplace operator into the parcel market. Thus, Amazon should be monitored.

M. Wohlfarter, C. Oliva, C. Nelson

The logistics of shipping live invertebrates should be straightforward: it requires timely delivery and packaging that ensures survival and confinement. The packaging is the responsibility of the shipper, whose interest is to maintain the product's quality during shipment and to ensure that no specimens escape. Timely delivery relies on the ability of the shipping agent to organise an efficient route of transport and carriers to fulfil their function effectively. This article explores this underserviced sector. While similar logistics capacity exists for other goods that require fast delivery (such as vaccines and fresh food), stakeholders who require live invertebrate shipping often have difficulties in finding transporters able or willing to handle such services. The authors bring examples from biocontrol, showing the current complexity and inconsistency of logistics. For some countries and stakeholders, this issue can be a significant barrier to the growth of a sustainable biocontrol sector. The authors also explore misconceptions (about packaging, liability and paperwork) and unclear rules (such as requiring generic veterinary certificates that are rarely relevant for invertebrates) that may cause express courier companies to refuse carrying live invertebrates. These issues often result in packages not being handled as a priority during transport connections or customs clearance, and significant delivery delays. The authors propose improvements that could streamline transport through changes that fit within existing shipping processes. This article is furthermore intended as a call to transport and inspection stakeholders to use the existing guidance and other resources to support this underdeveloped sector more effectively.

Ni’matullah Adawiyah, B. Poernomo

In this modern era, logistics activities will be more efficient and much easier if the management is handed over to the Freight Forwarder. Freight Forwarders can assist export activities such as preparing export documents, cargo consolidation, and can also act as operators and are fully responsible for carrying out transportation even though they do not have their own ships. One of the Freight Forwarders located in central Jakarta, namely PT Konesia Prologix Line, has taken care of the shipment process using the Less Than Container Load (LCL) method, which in this case there are still deficiencies in terms of delivery, therefore it is rarely used by exporters. Therefore this research will discuss the procedures for sending export goods using less than container load (LCL).  This study used a qualitative case study method, namely taking one case to be analyzed in depth so that the data collection carried out was an interview or interview process. With as many as 4 informants. Conducted in July 2022.  The results showed that the export procedure with the LCL method approach at PT Konesia Prologix Line that PT Konesia Prologix Line as a local scale transportation service EMKL and acts as the person in charge of all links in the transportation chain from the beginning to the final destination. The process of managing documents and ending with the process of submitting documents to exporters to booking schedules for delivery of goods

Po-Hsing Tseng, Nick Pilcher

The Panama and Suez canals greatly reduced pollutant emissions from shipping through much reduced sailing distances. Another possible future canal is across the Kra isthmus in Thailand, reducing sailing distances for ships travelling from East Asia to Europe that sail around the Malacca straits. Much literature considers the economic and political viability of the Kra Canal and notes the adverse environmental impact of the canal's construction. Yet, this literature also highlights the decarbonizing potential of the canal through reduced sailing distances and emissions. In this paper we critically consider this potential through the specific type of calculations in the study (ship emissions, etc.) and qualitative data consisting of the perspectives of experts (n = 20) from China (n = 5); Thailand (n = 5); Singapore (n = 5) and Taiwan (n = 5) gathered through semi-structured interviews. This data shows that, in fact, the canal might offer negative decarbonizing and emissions potential. This is due to a number of factors: the shorter reductions in sailing distances it affords compared to the Suez and Panama Canals; the economic models and political requirements to finance it, and; the currently available technologies. Nevertheless, the canal does offer potential for reducing distances and traffic in the Malacca straits if these factors change, and we outline and discuss these changes here.

ManWo Ng

The maritime industry is witnessing an increasingly loud call to contribute to the global trend towards environmental sustainability and decarbonization. One possible policy measure is the use of speed limits to reduce harmful emissions from ocean shipping. While the idea of slowing down ships to obey speed limits might seem intuitive, one key distinguishing characteristic of container shipping is that it is designed to adhere to a fixed, typically weekly, sailing schedule. This paper contributes to the literature investigating the feasibility of speed limits by demonstrating that speed limits are not always feasible in container shipping because of the rigid scheduling requirement. Conditions under which speed limits would become infeasible are derived, illustrated, and discussed.

Kingston X. Lamola

Background: This article inspects the internal constituents on employees’ aptitudes and trepidations (EATs) for the adoption of enterprise application architecture (EAA) for supply chain management (SCM) in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) within Capricorn District Municipality. EATs trait origins widespread destruction and inflict in the adoption of EAA if not managed amicably, unless, the enterprise accentuate the importance of the 4th Industrial revolution with careful planning to deal with the aftermath and mitigate the inspirations instinctively. Thus, the logistics of EAA adoption is one of the main activities in information technology (IT) that requires meticulous knowledge in algorithms for a successful SCM. Objective: The principal objective of this study is to determine whether EATs affect the adoption of EAA for SCM in SMEs and to identify gaps and institute state of the art in research for future studies. Method: This study adopts a descriptive research method with the use of 310 respondents targeted at both SME owners and managers, sculpted over quantitative research. Based on the analyses of data, the linear regression model is executed. As a result, the author realised that ‘EATs affect the adoption of EAA’ as a dominant research focus of these studies. In this study, the response EATs as a primary influencer of the adoption of EAA, considered on linear regression model for attainable SCM. In practice, SMEs should link EAA to new technologies, enterprise capabilities, objectives and strategies, as well as the existing culture and performance philosophies. Results: The SMEs’ success in SCM activities is dependent on employees’ perceptions, attitudes, motivation and learning abilities that could ease the narratives on the adoption of EAA. Conclusion: These results provide the following comprehensions for future research: applying simplicity by getting them on board, introducing EAA through different channels of learning, building a coalition of willing mindsets, motivating its purpose and celebrating small progress. The research provides a profound understanding relevant in the contextual background to SMEs to adopt EAA for SCM that depends on the enterprise resources (ERs) acquisition and\or availability.