Hasil untuk "Renewable energy sources"

K. Tan, T. S. Babu, V. Ramachandaramurthy et al.

Abstract The rapid growth in the usage and development of renewable energy sources in the present day electrical grid mandates the exploitation of energy storage technologies to eradicate the dissimilarities of intermittent power. The energy storage technologies provide support by stabilizing the power production and energy demand. This is achieved by storing excessive or unused energy and supplying to the grid or customers whenever it is required. Further, in future electric grid, energy storage systems can be treated as the main electricity sources. Researchers and industrial experts have worked on various energy storage technologies by integrating different renewable energy resources into energy storage systems. Due to the wide range of developments in energy storage technologies, in this article, authors have considered various types of energy storage technologies, namely battery, thermochemical, thermal, pumped energy storage, compressed air, hydrogen, chemical, magnetic energy storage, and a few others. These energy storage technologies were critically reviewed; categorized and comparative studies have been performed to understand each energy storage system's features, limitations, and advantages. Further, different energy storage system frameworks have been suggested based on its application. Therefore, this paper acts as a guide to the new researchers who work in energy storage technologies. The future scope suggests that researchers shall develop innovative energy storage systems to face challenges in power system networks, to maintain reliability and power quality, as well as to meet the energy demand.

P. A. Østergaard, N. Duić, Y. Noorollahi et al.

Abstract This article present a review of the status of research within the exploitation of renewable energy sources with a focus on the status of technologies exploiting renewable energy sources, a status of the assessment of the availability of renewable energy sources and the status on the research into the types of systems, that can integrate renewable energy sources. In terms of technologies and resources, wind and wave power resources, wind technology, geothermal energy, solar heating, cooling and electricity and salinity gradient technologies are reviewed. Lastly, system integration, impacts and environmental performance of energy systems are assessed. The review takes a starting point in work presented at the conference series on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environmental Systems (SDEWES), published in Special Issues in various journals and puts this work into a wider context.

S. Aslam, H. Herodotou, Syed Muhammad Mohsin et al.

Abstract Microgrids have recently emerged as a building block for smart grids combining distributed renewable energy sources (RESs), energy storage devices, and load management methodologies. The intermittent nature of RESs brings several challenges to the smart microgrids, such as reliability, power quality, and balance between supply and demand. Thus, forecasting power generation from RESs, such as wind turbines and solar panels, is becoming essential for the efficient and perpetual operations of the power grid and it also helps in attaining optimal utilization of RESs. Energy demand forecasting is also an integral part of smart microgrids that helps in planning the power generation and energy trading with commercial grid. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) based models are promising solutions for predicting consumers’ demands and energy generations from RESs. In this context, this manuscript provides a comprehensive survey of the existing DL-based approaches, which are developed for power forecasting of wind turbines and solar panels as well as electric power load forecasting. It also discusses the datasets used to train and test the different DL-based prediction models, enabling future researchers to identify appropriate datasets to use in their work. Even though there are a few related surveys regarding energy management in smart grid applications, they are focused on a specific production application such as either solar or wind. Moreover, none of the surveys review the forecasting schemes for production and load side simultaneously. Finally, previous surveys do not consider the datasets used for forecasting despite their significance in DL-based forecasting approaches. Hence, our survey work is intrinsically different due to its data-centered view, along with presenting DL-based applications for load and energy generation forecasting in both residential and commercial sectors. The comparison of different DL approaches discussed in this manuscript reveals that the efficiency of such forecasting methods is highly dependent on the amount of the historical data and thus a large number of data storage devices and high processing power devices are required to deal with big data. Finally, this study raises several open research problems and opportunities in the area of renewable energy forecasting for smart microgrids.

M. Shahbaz, Chandrashekar Raghutla, Krishna Reddy Chittedi et al.

The use of non-renewable resources emits a high quantity of CO2 into environment, leading to a greenhouse effect, to reduce CO2 emissions all countries have shifted to use renewable energy sources. Therefore, this study re-examines the effect of renewable energy consumption on economic growth across 38 renewable-energy-consuming countries from 1990 to 2018. The dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS), fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and heterogeneous non-causality approaches are applied. The empirical analysis confirms the presence of a long-run relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth. Further, we noted that renewable energy, non-renewable energy, capital and labor have positive impact on economic growth, particularly, renewable energy consumption has a positive impact on economic growth for 58% of the sample countries. The empirical results suggest that international cooperation agencies, energy organizers, governments, and associated bodies must act together in increasing renewable energy investment for low carbon growth in most of these economies.

J. Aghaei, M. Alizadeh

M. Shahbaz, B. Topcu, Sevgi Sümerli Sarigül et al.

W. Strielkowski, Lubomír Civín, E. Tarkhanova et al.

The electrical power sector plays an important role in the economic growth and development of every country around the world. Total global demand for electric energy is growing both in developed and developing economies. The commitment to the decarbonization of economies, which would mean replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources (RES) as well as the electrification of transport and heating as a means to tackle global warming and dangerous climate change, would lead to a surge in electricity consumption worldwide. Hence, it appears reasonable that the electric power sector should embed the principles of sustainable development into its functioning and operation. In addition, events such as the recent European gas crisis that have emerged as a result of the massive deployment of renewables need to be studied and prevented. This review aims at assessing the role of the renewable energy in the sustainable development of the electrical power sector, focusing on the energy providers and consumers represented both by businesses and households that are gradually becoming prosumers on the market of electric energy. Furthermore, it also focuses on the impact of renewables on the utility side and their benefits for the grid. In addition, it identifies the major factors of the sustainable development of the electrical power sector.

S. A. Qadir, Hessah Al-Motairi, F. Tahir et al.

Abstract With the global population set to continue growing, the demand for energy will increase. Fossil fuel resources are in decline, and their use is associated with environmental destruction. This highlights the need for more investment in energy resources that can meet the global demand without harming the environment. Clean forms of energy, such as solar, wind, and hydropower, are both successful and readily available, yet investment in them has fluctuated. The affordability, ease of availability and technological maturity of oil in some regions has contributed to the slow uptake of investment in renewable energy projects. This paper discusses the main barriers hindering investment in clean energy production, highlights crucial incentives that could speed up investment processes, and examines several necessary strategies for the transition from fossil-fuel-based energy to renewable sources.

M. Usman, M. Radulescu

The deployment of energy sources is considered the compassion of several United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Nations should keep balance with the three major proportions of the global energy trilemma: energy security, affordability, energy access, and ecological balance to construct a solid basis for competitiveness and prosperity. In this regard, this paper examines the influence of nuclear energy, technological innovations, renewable energy, non-renewable energy, and natural resources on carbon footprint in the highest nuclear energy-producing countries from 1990 to 2019. To do this, we developed an inclusive and comprehensive empirical investigation and applied modern econometric approaches. Panel second-generation long-run cointegration advocates long-run associations among the series. The findings reveal that nuclear and renewable energy consumption extensively improve environmental excellence. Conversely, technological innovations and non-renewable energy significantly reduce environmental sustainability. Moreover, natural resources play an adverse role in long-run. The findings of the panel causality test discovered unidirectional causality is running from carbon footprint to nuclear energy. Additionally, bidirectional causality exists between technological innovations, renewables, non-renewables, and natural resources with carbon footprint. This recommends that these nations should integrate energy policy activities and develop energy strategy consistency by harmonizing the vital global nuclear energy aspects to assist a well-calibrated energy structure.

Salman Ahmad, R. M. Tahar

Chiwei Su, Muhammad Umar, Zeeshan Khan

The role of fiscal decentralization is important not only for the promotion of cleaner energy sources but also for a sustainable environment and the achievement of the Paris Climate Agreement (COP21) in 2015 in general. Therefore, this study attempts to incorporate fiscal decentralization as a new determinant of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption along with political risk index, eco-innovation, and renewable energy research and development (R&D) for seven (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) OECD countries from 1990 to 2018. For empirical analysis, the test proposed in Banerjee and Carrion-I-Silvestre (2017) is employed for cointegration, while cross-section augmented autoregressive-distributed lag (CS-ARDL) is used for the short-run and long-run analysis, and to check robustness, a common correlated effect mean group (CCEMG) test is applied. The results confirm that fiscal decentralization and eco-innovation promote renewable energy consumption and lower non-renewable energy use. Moreover, the improvement of the political risk index and the rise of R&D in renewable energy increase renewable and decrease non-renewable energy consumption. For policy implications, this study recommends that transferring the power to the local governments will further improve energy efficiency and switch these countries' energy mix towards more sustainable sources of energy. This shall also help to reduce the use of non-renewable energy consumption, i.e., fossil fuels in the total energy mix.

N. Amponsah, M. Troldborg, Bethany Kington et al.

S. Weitemeyer, D. Kleinhans, T. Vogt et al.

Integrating a high share of electricity from non-dispatchable Renewable Energy Sources in a power supply system is a challenging task. One option considered in many studies dealing with prospective power systems is the installation of storage devices to balance the fluctuations in power production. However, it is not yet clear how soon storage devices will be needed and how the integration process depends on different storage parameters. Using long-term solar and wind energy power production data series, we present a modelling approach to investigate the influence of storage size and efficiency on the pathway towards a 100% RES scenario. Applying our approach to data for Germany, we found that up to 50% of the overall electricity demand can be met by an optimum combination of wind and solar resources without both curtailment and storage devices if the remaining energy is provided by sufficiently flexible power plants. Our findings show further that the installation of small, but highly efficient storage devices is already highly beneficial for the RES integration, while seasonal storage devices are only needed when more than 80% of the electricity demand can be met by wind and solar energy. Our results imply that a compromise between the installation of additional generation capacities and storage capacities is required.

Eleni K. Stigka, John A. Paravantis, G. Mihalakakou

M. Bhuiyan, Qiannan Zhang, V. Khare et al.

An efficient use of energy is the pre-condition for economic development. But excessive use of fossil fuel harms the environment. As renewable energy emits no or low greenhouse gases, more countries are trying to increase the use of energies from renewable sources. At the same time, no matter developed or developing, nations have to maintain economic growth. By collecting SCI/SSCI indexed peer-reviewed journal articles, this article systematically reviews the consumption nexus of renewable energy and economic growth. A total of 46 articles have been reviewed following the PRISMA guidelines from 2010 to 2021. Our review research shows that renewable energy does not hinder economic growth for both developing and developed countries, whereas, there is little significance of consuming renewable energy (threshold level) on economic growth for developed countries.

Osama D. Sweidan

Abstract Our paper focuses on whether the geopolitical risk can generate a cleaner production and sustainable environment or not. It empirically investigates the geopolitical risk influence on the United States’ renewable energy deployment. The United States’ economy is the largest globally, and its economic, political, and military interests spread all over the contents. Thus, it could be the most frequent nation influenced by the world’s geopolitical uncertainty. Our paper postulates that geopolitical risk stimulates countries to be independent and rely on renewable energy sources to reduce fossil fuel inflows’ risk. We use a cointegration analysis and estimate an autoregressive distributed lag model using quarterly data (1973: q1-2020: q1). We find that geopolitical risk has a significant and positive effect on the United States renewable energy deployment. Hence, it is a driver, not a barrier to renewable energy diffusion. On the policy implication side, we expect to notice more deviations toward renewable energy technology by the United States and the other nations within the high probability of geopolitical uncertainty. Thus, geopolitical risk is expecting to enhance cleaner production and a sustainable environment.

Esra Ilbahar, C. Kahraman, S. Çebi

Abstract Most countries intending to replace traditional energy sources with renewable energy sources have started to make major investments in this field. Since renewable energy is a sector requiring large amount of investment costs, evaluation of investment risks are extremely important to make the best investment decisions. However, as risk assessment is a process based on expert judgments, the indecisiveness and cognitive bias of the experts should be eliminated. Therefore, a modified Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) based on the prospect theory and interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is introduced to assess the risks in renewable energy investments for the first time. As a result of the proposed risk assessment approach, renewable energy investment risks are prioritized by effectively overcoming the indecisiveness and cognitive bias of experts.

Jie Chen, F. Su, Vipin Jain et al.

The influences of renewable and conventional energy consumption on ecological sustainability remain unclear because of the dynamic economic and innovative framework. This investigation gives a new perception by exploring the association between the production of various sources of renewable energies (e.g., hydroelectric, wind, solar PV, geothermal, and biomass power) and economic growth encapsulating capital, government spending, and trade openness. This research used a heterogeneous approach for panel data and second generational tools for econometrics, which allow for cross-sectional reliance and slope heterogeneity. This study has revealed the substantial reason to back up the feedback assumptions between renewable energy sources and economic growth, using the Dumitrescu and Hurlin analysis. In terms of policy, this empirical analysis suggests enacting impactful policies that encourage green power and economic reform in an attempt to lessen CO2 concentrations in the biosphere.

Emil Mihai Pavelescu, Saroj Kumar Patra, Cosmin Romaniţan et al.

Intermediate band solar cells (IBSCs) have the potential to overcome the efficiency limit of single-bandgap solar cells. Dilute nitride III–V alloys, with splitting of the conduction band due to band anticrossing, can be used as the intermediate-band material for solar cell applications. In this work, we report on the introduction of engineered GaInNAs alloy, with low (dilute) In and N contents, as IBSC material and the comparison of the performances of GaInNAs-based and the corresponding In-free GaNAs-based IBSCs grown on GaAs (100) substrate. Introduction of a small amount of In (3%) in a GaN _0.011 As _0.989 -based IBSC was found to noticeably increase the short-circuit current, I _sc , at the expense of a small decrease in the open-circuit voltage, V _oc . When annealed at 750 °C for 90 s, significant enhancements in I _sc and V _oc are seen, especially in the In-containing solar cell. The observed In-related enhancement in cell parameters after annealing is related to In-promoted bandgap tailoring and efficient curing of carrier traps during annealing. This occurred without change in the macroscopic composition of the GaInNAs alloy, most likely by In-N bond formation upon annealing, a phenomenon which does not exist in the GaNAs alloy.

Haoran Liu, Huaqiang Li, Xueying Yu et al.

Abstract The volatility of renewable energy generation impacts the safe and stable operation of power systems. Moreover, load uncertainty complicates renewable energy consumption. Therefore, accurately extracting load patterns using artificial intelligence (AI) technology is crucial. Load classification is an effective way to master load behaviour. However, issues in the collected load data, such as data class imbalance, significantly affect the accuracy of traditional load classification. To address this problem, this study proposes a novel classification method based on data augmentation and few‐shot learning, significantly enhancing the training efficiency of algorithm recognition. This addresses the challenge of real‐data recognition in power systems. First, time‐series load data are converted into images based on the Gramian angular field method to extract time‐series data features using a convolutional neural network. Subsequently, the data are augmented based on variational autoencoder generative adversarial network to generate samples with distributions similar to those of the original data. Finally, the augmented few‐shot data are classified using the embedding and relation modules of the relation network. A comparison of the experimental results reveals that the proposed method effectively improves power load classification accuracy, even with insufficient data.