Hasil untuk "Practical Theology"

Livaneysa Richinta Friskila, Imanuel Adhitya Wulanata Chrismastianto

Effective communication occurs if students understand the meaning of the message conveyed by the teacher. If the delivery made by the teacher is not good, there will be a misunderstanding. This study aims to analyse how a Christian teacher can help students learn to communicate effectively. A descriptive qualitative research methodology utilizing literature studies was employed. In the era of postmodernism presenting various truths in assessing the actions taken, it is hoped that Christian teachers will be able to have the right foundation in acting. So, it is possible to build effective communication so that teachers, serving as guides, can understand and appreciate the needs of students, use media, explain messages clearly, and be humble. The conclusion is that Christian teachers as guides can have the right value of truth in building effective communication, namely looking at students as images of God. This is in line with the characteristic of Christian ethics, namely love. So, Christian teachers can love students so that they develop their abilities as a form of responsibility for the potential given by God. One of the ways that teachers do this is by choosing words in delivering messages to students related to assignments. The advice given is to choose a theory that is relevant to effective communication problems in learning so that it can analyze more deeply and find concrete solutions that can be applied to the role of teachers as guides. Bahasa Indonesia Abstract  Komunikasi yang efektif terjadi ketika siswa memahami maksud dari pesan yang disampaikan oleh guru. Jika penyampaian yang dilakukan oleh guru tidak baik, maka akan terjadi kesalahpahaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa bagaimana seorang guru Kristen dapat membantu murid-muridnya untuk belajar berkomunikasi secara efektif. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan studi literatur. Di era postmodernisme yang menghadirkan berbagai kebenaran dalam menilai tindakan yang dilakukan, diharapkan para guru Kristen dapat memiliki dasar yang benar dalam bertindak. Dengan demikian, dimungkinkan untuk membangun komunikasi yang efektif sehingga guru yang berperan sebagai penuntun dapat memahami dan menghargai kebutuhan siswa, menggunakan media, menjelaskan pesan dengan jelas, dan rendah hati. Kesimpulannya adalah guru Kristen sebagai penuntun dapat memiliki nilai kebenaran yang tepat dalam membangun komunikasi yang efektif, yaitu memandang siswa sebagai gambar Allah. Hal ini sejalan dengan ciri khas etika Kristen, yaitu kasih. Jadi, guru Kristen dapat mengasihi murid agar mereka mengembangkan kemampuannya sebagai bentuk tanggung jawab atas potensi yang diberikan Tuhan. Salah satu cara yang dilakukan guru adalah dengan memilih kata-kata dalam menyampaikan pesan kepada siswa terkait tugas. Saran yang diberikan adalah memilih teori yang relevan dengan masalah komunikasi efektif dalam pembelajaran sehingga dapat menganalisa lebih dalam dan menemukan solusi konkrit yang dapat diterapkan pada peran guru sebagai penuntun.

Nurhibe Büşra Er

Din ve dinin geleceği uzun yıllardır akademik ve yerel çevrelerce üzerinde tartışılan temel konuların başında gelmektedir. Bu minvalde tartışmanın bir cephesinde klasik sekülerleşme teorileri yer alırken diğer bir cephede dinin bireylerin ve toplumların zihin dünyalarında halen varlığını devam ettiren başat faktörlerden biri olduğu görüşü kabul görmektedir. Ancak son dönemde ortaya çıkan çalışmalar bu iki temel iddianın bambaşka boyutlarını gözler önüne sermektedir. Birçok farklı coğrafyada yeni dini hareketler ve mensuplarını, spiritüel akımları ve ritüelleri yerinde gözlemleyen Ali Köse, 21. Yüzyıl din olgusunu Batı ülkeleri ekseninde incelediği Dinin Geleceği isimli esere hayat vermiştir. Yazara göre artık dünyada ateizm, agnostisizm ya da deizmden daha tehlikeli bir boyut var ise bu da dine ve Tanrı’ya karşı umursamazlık içinde düşünceler geliştiren yeni neslin anlayışı konusudur. Bu noktada kritik ettiğimiz bu eser, Batıda meydana gelen yeni akımları ve düşünceleri alan araştırmaları ve anket verileri ile okuyucuya aktaran nadir çalışmalardan biridir.

Domingos Tavares Campos

F.C. Uroko

This article reviews the literature on how religious leaders in Nigeria have become complacent and conspire in the corrupt activities of members of their congregations. Church leaders, who are meant to be guardians of ethics and morality, have lost it and are now dining with and covering people of dubious character. Some of these young people who engage in money rituals give money to these pastors, who accept it without inquiry. These young people are revered in the church and receive special prayers and honours. Others, who aspire to the same honours, seek ways to generate quick cash. This study investigates the role of church leaders in the growing ritual activities among Nigerian youths. It concludes by admonishing church leaders to emulate the life of Jesus, who was not afraid to speak the truth to the people whom he was shepherding.  

Bokyoung Park

The paper describes new ways of missional engagement during the Covid-19 pandemic and afterwards in Korea. While Covid-19 is inflicting serious damage on the entire Korean society, the damage to the Protestant churches is serious. The local government’s prohibition of ‘in-person gathering’ for worship resulted in the decrease of membership and endangered the unique paradigm of ‘in-gathering’-centred ecclesiology in Korean Protestant churches. The study tried to understand how local congregations coped with the changed situation in their missional engagement. Three congregations were used as case studies of how the local congregations responded to their missional tasks during the pandemic. With some preliminary assessments from these case studies, the paper suggests three ways of missional engagement of local congregation in Korea during the pandemic and even after the pandemic: 1) engaging personal fellowship using narratives, 2) performing a habitual ethical lifestyle, and 3) embracing the practice of hospitality.

Aäron Vanspauwen, Anthony Dupont

This article proposes a methodology for the study of Manichaeism in the Sermones ad populum. Sermons provide a unique perspective on Augustine’s thought: they offered him the opportunity to share theological and ethical concerns with a responsive audience. Because his sermons have only recently been (re-)discovered as loci of Augustine’s ideas, and because they constitute a specific genre within his oeuvre, the development of a method for studying them is in order. To illustrate the proposed method, the present contribution examines anti-Manichaean content in the Sermones ad populum by means of two key concepts. The first concept is that of crypto-Manichaeism. Although they do not refute Manichaeism in its totality, the sermons are regularly concerned with specific aspects of Manichaeism, such as those that were relevant to the sermon’s liturgical occasion or those Augustine feared were attractive to his flock. Crypto-Manichaeism refers, on the one hand, to the tendency of Manichaeans to refrain from openly identifying themselves as such. After all, they considered themselves true Christians. Nor was Manichaeism the only movement in late antique Christianity that espoused dualistic beliefs, rejected bodily desires and material wealth, and criticized the Old Testament. Anti-Manichaean argument was therefore more broadly applicable than refutation of Manichaeism stricto sensu. Our attention to crypto-Manichaeism therefore does justice to the pastoral and exhortative function of Augustine’s sermons. A second key concept is the perspective of the audience. The setting of each sermon is unique, the composition of audiences varied, and attendance no doubt fluctuated. Each sermon ought to be considered as its own literary and theological whole, hermeneutically influenced by its concrete Sitz im Leben (i.e., composition of the audience, time and place, liturgical setting, etc.). The audience’s theology can be reconstructed in a bottom-up fashion, with each sermon supplying complementary and cumulative theological information that the audience could have gathered by participating in the liturgy. In this article we apply the proposed methodology to a group of four early anti-Manichaean sermons.

V. V. Usmanov, A. N. Filippov

An important role in the professional education of students is played by the process of becoming-assimilating a student-pupil to a teacher-educator. The problems of pedagogical interaction between the teacher-educator and the student-pupil include various aspects of the educational process, on the one hand, the current level of compliance of the content of the educational program with modern achievements in science and technology, on the other hand, the level of pedagogical skill of the teacher-educator. Despite the numerous publications on this issue, there are practically no studies on the professional education of students in the context of the future professional activities of graduates of the educational program for the bachelor’s degree in “Theology”, the problem in this formulation is considered for the first time. The purpose of this research is to analyze the content and interconnection of the components of the professional education of students, the features of the professional education of students in the context of the practical familiarization of students in the direction of preparation of bachelor’s degrees “Theology”, to the activities of the clergy. The research was conducted in the course of professional and practical training of students enrolled in the educational program “Theology”. The study involved 51 teachers and 69 students. As a result of the study, the components of professional education were identified, the behavior and actions of the student-pupil as a result of his upbringing; forms of student motivation for success in educational and future professional activities; a portfolio complex of a student-pupil and a teacher-educator. The results of the study open up a new theoretical direction in the professional education of students, in which practical training occupies a special place in the theoretical education of students. The results of the analysis of the components of the professional education of students are presented and a conclusion is made about the importance of motivation and disciplineobedience in the system of higher spiritual education as effective means of organizing the professional education of students.

Andrej Preložnik

Jews settled in three coastal towns of the medieval diocese of Koper (Capodistria) – Koper, Izola and Piran – at the end of the 14th century. They came there stimulated by the needs of cities that, after the collapse of Tuscan banks, did not have the financial sources to support the developing economy. In addition to some bankers who are fairly well known from archival sources, we also have to consider a layer of the poorer population of servants and merchants. These were relatively small communities composed of few families, which were tolerated in a distinctly Catholic environment, but in close contact with the majority population sometimes received a benevolent or even aggressive pressure to convert. For studied region, there is no systematic study about this topic yet. However, there are some archival or written sources related to it in one way or another. Although these are mostly short notes or remarks within other discussions, which certainly do not represent the whole background of these stories, they still give us some idea of the dynamics of that kind of relations between religious communities and at the same time the formal position of the Venetian and local authorities about conversions and freedom of faith between 15th and 18th century.

Sonny E. Zaluchu

In many religions, worshipping God whilst moving the body is part of worship. This article aims to explain and defend the position that worshipping God by moving the body in liturgy is biblical and has a theological foundation. The discussion is divided into three. Firstly, the writer traces the origins of objections to bodily movements in liturgy and analyses them. Secondly, it is explained that body movement is a language to God. A biblical argument about body movements, which should not be trapped in appearance and drama, is the third part. The article concludes that worship by gestures is biblically substantiated. The research contribution suggests that the church should be accommodating in its orthodoxy to accept this as truth. The church should deem it important to teach the congregation the concept of true worship and not worship that is trapped in appearances. The key finding is that the meaning of worship lies not in the direction but in the worshippers’ hearts. Each church should have a unique way in their respective cultures. This article performs a theological reconstruction of worship theology and analyses it briefly through a literature review of several literature works such as books, articles and research findings.

Vicente Llamas Roig, Manuel Lázaro Pulido

Presentación Monográfico Escoto

Tanya van Wyk

No abstract available

Reşat Açıkgöz

Kökenleri çok eskiye dayanmasına rağmen, intihar saldırıları esas olarak 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında ortaya çıkmış ve artmıştır. Başlangıçta yerel ve bölgesel düzeyde görülen intihar saldırıları, daha sonra El-Kaide gibi örgütlerin ortaya çıkmasıyla birlikte uluslararası bir boyut kazanmıştır. Günümüzde intihar saldırıları, siyasi hedeflerine ulaşmak isteyen örgütlerin kullandığı en önemli taktiklerden birisi hâline gelmiştir. İntihar saldırıları örgütsel eylemlerdir; bu eylemlerde hem askerî hem de sivil unsurlar hedef alınmaktadır. Eylemlerde hem askerî hem de sivil unsurların hedef seçilmesi, intihar saldırılarının bir suç (terör eylemi) unsuru olarak ele alınmasını gerektirmektedir. Bu makalede, intihar saldırıları uluslararası politika ve terörizm bağlamında sosyolojik ve tarihsel boyutlarıyla birlikte ele alınmaktadır.

Anna Gibek

In the infancy narrative, Matthew the evangelist describes specific places associated with the earthly life of Jesus: Bethlehem, Jerusalem, Egypt, Ramah, and Nazareth. These places show Jesus and allow for deeper and more accurate descriptions of the Christology of the Gospel. Bethlehem is the place of the birth and worship of the Messiah. For this reason, the small place is exalted, in opposition to Jerusalem, the place of death of the Messiah, which is deprived of its respect and rank in the Old Testament. The latter town embodies people who are reserved and hostile to Jesus. Meanwhile, Egypt and Ramah act as subjects: Egypt is the point to which Holy Family arrives and later leaves, repeating the journey of Israel, albeit in a perfect way. Ramah refers to the matriarch Rachel and her weeping over the Chosen People, who have rejected the Messiah. The primary city in Matthew’s infancy narrative is Nazareth, which describes Jesus and points to his messianic dignity and dedication to God.

Piet J. Naudé

This article outlined key features of prophetic discourse and investigated whether this form of moral discourse adequately addresses issues of economic injustice. It is shown that the strength of prophetic discourse is its ability to denounce instances of injustice whilst at the same time announcing a God-willed alternative future. The ‘preferential option for the poor’ in Latin American liberation theologies is treated as a case study of the influence of prophetic discourse in contexts of perceived economic injustice. Also the core weaknesses of prophetic discourse are investigated, specifically its incomplete moral argument, weak moral analyses, silence on transition measures, and its inability to take a positive stance on reforms in the system from which itself benefits. In the final section it is concluded that prophetic discourse plays an indispensable role in addressing issues of global economic justice, but – taken by itself – it is not an adequate form of moral discourse to address concrete matters of justice.

P.J. Strauss

The reformer John Calvin, born in 1509, considers discipline and unity as two essential aspects of the Christian church. According to him, the bond of church discipline is a way to unite church members in the truth of the Word and the Christian faith based thereupon. If discipline is exercised with exaggerated strictness and without compassion, tolerance and love, it can break the unity. Because church unity is essentially a unity of faith, or a unity in the truth of the Word, discipline can sever adulterated elements that threaten the unity from the church. Discipline, if correctly ap- plied, builds the unity of the church as a unity in religious truths.

J. Ploeger

No abstract available.

P. Smit

No abstract available.

Edward Zawiszewski

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Władysław Nowak

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J. L. Helberg

The aim of this article is to determine to what extent God’s action with his people is determined spatially and to what extent focus on the land and ecumenicity are contrary, substitutionary, complementary or dialectic concepts. The following questions will be addressed. To what extent does land play a role in ecumenical relations? To what extent are these relations determined structurally or organisationally? To what extent is diversity or plurality accommodated? Old Testament material will receive special attention but the line of thought in the New Testament will also be touched upon briefly. Applied to current issues the article will inter alia pay attention to the question whether the aim of ecumenical reflection should be one ‘national church' with sister churches in other countries or one ‘world wide church'.