In Ethiopia, multiparty elections are being organised every five years. For the 2021 general election, 47 parties were registered and more than 9,300 candidates ran for seats, of which, 1, 982 were women candidates. This study explored women candidates’ participation in election debates during the 2021 Ethiopian general elections. Using qualitative approach and content analysis technique, 35 television debates streamed in six stations were watched and analysed. Moreover, media legal documents and election reports are reviewed in gender lens. The findings revealed that the Ethiopia mainstream media cover men and women politicians differently during election campaign. The frequency of parties’ appearance in television debates and their gender representation are found to vary depending on the issues discussed and the media style of coverage. Female politicians were primarily being featured under the theme of gender, health, and education debates. Moreover, women candidates’ role in the election debates was limited in introducing and summarising their party policies while their men counterparts took the modest air time to present the details of the policy alternatives and to criticise the existing policies.
Desde la década de 1990 se implantó la fiscalización de los partidos en México, y la autoridad electoral fue recibiendo cada vez más facultades para vigilar rigurosamente el dinero de los partidos. Sin embargo, en 2024 el ejercicio se caracterizó porque el IFE/INE y el TEPJF no aplicaron la ley y relajaron las sanciones, en beneficio sobre todo del partido gobernante. Por medio de un análisis crítico de los patrones históricos de fiscalización y de los dictámenes de fiscalización de 2024, el texto muestra cómo se violentaron los principios de la fiscalización por parte del gobierno y...
Political institutions and public administration (General)
It is noteworthy that as the Russia-Ukraine war enters its third year, China still maintains a firm position consistent with that of the previous year, endeavouring to promote peace talks and ceasefires. This paper employs the content analysis of 97 academic papers on the Ukraine Crisis in Chinese core journals (CSSCI) from February 22, 2022, to February 22, 2024. The research results suggest that Chinese scholars offer a multidimensional analysis of the development of the Russia-Ukraine war. The paper concludes through content analysis and comparison that Chinese scholars share the same stance on the Russia-Ukraine conflict as Chinese officials. First, Chinese scholars call for promoting the transformation of the global energy system, accelerating the development and use of new energy sources, and promoting the development of innovative capabilities to cope with the multiple crises caused by economic sanctions. Second, the Russia-Ukraine war has exacerbated multiple global security crises and traditional and non-traditional security issues, severely affected the global security system, and created a new security dilemma. Third, scholars advocate the concept of “a community with a shared future for mankind” and build a post-Russia-Ukraine war world security pattern.
International relations, Political science (General)
У даній статті мова йде про процес легітимації та делегітимації ОБСЄ в українському медійному просторі у 2011-2021 рр. Було зроблено спробу проаналізувати оціночні кон-тексти згадок про ОБСЄ у вказаний період, простежити динаміку зміни довіри до організації на фоні її видимості, а також встановити причинно-наслідкові зв’язки та тенденції. Мета даної статті – дослідити динаміку легітимації та делегітимації ОБСЄ в українському медійному просторі у період війни на Донбасі, а також у довоєнні роки. Для реалізації даної мети було поставлено такі завдання: 1) простежити динаміку політизації ОБСЄ в українському медійному полі; 2) проаналізувати взаємозв’язок між процесами політизації та легітимації ОБСЄ в Україні; 3) визначити тенденції легітимації та делегітимації ОБСЄ в українському медійному просторі. Методика дослідження. Для реалізації поставлених завдань ми опираємося перш за все на методи контент-аналізу, інтент-аналізу, історичного та кількісного аналізу матеріалів ЗМІ. У результаті було досліджено динаміку (де)легітимізації ОБСЄ в українському медійному просторі впродовж 2011-2021 рр. на фоні процесу політизації цієї організації. На основі аналізу даних зроблено висновки, що процес (де)легітимізації ОБСЄ в українському медійному просторі пов’язаний в основному із її залученістю у дипломатичне врегулювання військового конфлікту на Донбасі. Водночас, окрім власне діяльності організації, важливими факторами (де)легітимізації постають і покладені на ОБСЄ сподівання і розчарування, а також зміни у системі міжнародних відносин.
History (General) and history of Europe, Political science
Enforcement and management scholars alike expect that countries participating in an international agreement will more likely achieve predetermined targets than nonparticipating countries will. The management school ascribes this expected association to a constraining effect of the treaty; the enforcement school ascribes it to a screening effect. If the latter conjecture is correct, the association between participation and target achievement should significantly weaken (or even vanish) when controlling for targets' ambition level and other confounding factors. We test this hypothesis on a new dataset comprising three protocols under the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP). Our results suggest that the positive association between participation and target achievement is robust to controlling for confounding factors; hence, our data suggests that these CLRTAP protocols have indeed constrained participating states.
Álvaro dos Santos Maciel , Benizete Ramos de Medeiros
Crises econômicas e a precarização do Direito do Trabalho tem gerado flexibilizações nefastas para o trabalhador. A terceirização e o desmonte preconizado pela Reforma Trabalhista têm sido apontados como instrumentos para recuperar a economia. Todavia, o crescimento do trabalho análogo à escravidão é uma realidade crescente e a terceirização das relações empregatícias tem aberto espaço para tal violação. O presente artigo analisa tais institutos com um viés crítico fulcrado nas teorias marxistas preconizadas por Jean-Paul de Gaudemar e a mobilização da força do trabalho para o capital, já que são retiradas do trabalhador todas as possibilidades materiais de existência social digna, exceto a da venda de sua força de trabalho por vezes o expondo a situações vulneráveis e desumanas.Faz-se uma abordagem de teorias Sociológicas e Jurídicas, no contexto legal com apresentação de casos empíricos na tentativa de que medidas efetivas sejam tomadas para combater a precarização do trabalho e a exploração dos trabalhadores, com a devida punição dos infratores, reanálise do instituto da terceirização pós reforma trabalhista, bem como a criação de políticas que viabilizem a transparência das informações que contribuampara um desenvolvimento sustentável e uma nova educação.
Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence, Political science (General)
Victoriia Rohalska, Oksana Bronevytska, Gediminas Buciunas
The importance of legal regulation of extradition in the system of legal aid in criminal proceedings is determined both by the national interests of states and the interests of international cooperation in combating transnational and international crimes. The objective of this paper was to get the answer to the main question of this research - Did the provisions of the law on extradition in Ukraine meet international standards? A set of general and special scientific, and philosophical methods of scientific research were used while preparing this article, to clarify the approaches to the extradition procedure of different countries and in practice. The results of the research suggested that the current criminal procedure legislation of Ukraine in the sphere of extradition generally meets European standards. Although, there are some gaps in the national legal regulation of extradition that may adversely affect the observance of the rights and freedoms of persons to whom it is applied.
Nonprofit entrepreneurs face a number of liabilities that are particularly significant during the emergent phase of a new nonprofit. Using a human capital perspective, this study examines the influence previous experience plays as it relates to nonprofit organizational start-up success. The study draws on a sample of 118 nascent nonprofit entrepreneurs. The results from a logistic regression analysis show no significant impact with regard to education or prior nonprofit management experience. The results, however, show that prior start-up experience significantly enhances the likelihood of start-up success.
Political institutions and public administration (General)
Márcio Gabriel Plastina Júnior, Leonardo José Peixoto Leal
As dificuldades econômicas e financeiras pelas quais passam as mais diversas empresas, em especial em tempos de crise, podem levá-las ao processo de Recuperação Judicial ou até mesmo o seu fim, por meio do processo falimentar. Ocorre que, justamente nesse período em que as empresas encontram-se fragilizadas é que se dá maior abertura ao processo de incorporação, sobretudo por suas concorrentes. Tal fato, gera o problema acerca do controle de mercado, violando diversos princípios e normas ligadas à Livre Concorrência. Questiona-se, portanto, qual a atuação do Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (CADE) em tais processos de incorporação e fusão? Assim, analisar-se-ão os posicionamentos firmados pela Autarquia, por meio de decisões já existentes. Como metodologia, utiliza-se o estudo descritivo-analítico, através de pesquisa bibliográfica, legislativa e documental. Por fim, conclui-se sugerindo a aplicação da Teoria Failing Company Defense para a resolução de processos da mesma natureza.
The article analyzes the state and problems of innovation development in Ukraine and the need for more active use of innovative approaches in the formation of a single integrated energy market based on the principles and rules for implementing common problems and cross-border aspects in the context of network infrastructure deployment.
The European experience of the transformation of the third industrial revolution (digital revolution), which is gradually transforming into the fourth industrial revolution, or "Industry 4.0", is systematized and characterized by the merger of technologies and the blurring of borders between physical and digital spheres.
The international experience on the implementation of a European model of the future energy system in our country, which involves in accordance with accepted international standards ensuring the transition to a higher level of international cooperation, the formation of "smart" cities and "smart" communities as an adequate management system, the restoration of integrity scientific and technological complex and training of qualification managers for the purpose of development of digital economy, intellectual technologies, new mothers and methods of designing, creating systems for processing large volumes of data, machine learning and artificial intelligence.
The main directions of the integrated approach in the implementation of innovative projects are proposed as a coherent system that establishes a general ergonomic approach and special basic principles and concepts of ergonomics in the new energy policy for the formation of energy co-operatives, which activities are aimed at centralized, independent environmental and energy production.
It is concluded that key elements of the successful integration of the energy sector into the new market design are the adoption of network codes and common rules that allow for cross-border energy trading on the basis of demand management, and the announced changes in the continental European grid in the energy security package open up new opportunities for the synchronization and integration of Ukraine into the European grid for the next 10–15 years. It is noted that special attention should be paid to ensuring a coordinated approach of all participants in the energy market prior to the construction of a new design of the network infrastructure on the basis of the implementation of a single state energy policy.
Minimum service standards hereinafter abbreviated SPM is a provision of the type and quality of basic services that are obligatory area obtained every citizen is entitled to a minimum. Minimum Service Standards health sector Health hereinafter referred SPM is a benchmark performance of health services, held the Regency / City. Health decentralization in Indonesia has been implemented since 2001. Basic health services Pekanbaru City can not be said to be good. Total availability of medical personnel and doctors are not proportional to the population. Distribution of medical personnel and doctors uneven per-districts in the city of Pekanbaru. Besides the availability of health centers, polyclinics and sub Per-districts are also uneven. Pekanbaru city has not had a referral hospital, although their Arifin Achmad.
The political reformation in Indonesia is a determinant factor of the change in political communications and the roles of media. Currently, the political elites need media support, since it contextually has a significant role. Whoever has a good relationship with the media, will be loved by the public. <p>On the other hand, the media also have a vested interest in the elite in running businesses and building the power of industry. Policies and capital pose a challenge to maintaining the continuity of the media. Independence and control of media are at stake, when the interests of the media and the elite collaborate with each other and then build a benefit on both sides. <p>Meanwhile, the role of social media also cannot be neglected. The Indonesian political communication system is characterized by the presence of social media in a pseudo- relationship between the elite and the public.This paper tries to explain the growing trends of research in the academic environment and the research trends in political practice in Indonesia after the occurrence of post- reformation era in legislative and executive elections. <p>The method used is the meta-analysis of research outcomes of university (dissertations) and secondary data sources. Data processing is done by meta-analysis of secondary data. <p>The results of meta-analysis research indicate that, the objective conditions, in Indonesia, especially the political conditions, stimulate new spaces in communication research. The study of political communication becomes dominant in the academic environment. In addition, communication research is also characterized by a shift from the linear perspective (positivistic paradigm) to the interactive perspective (naturalistic paradigm). On the other hand, the development of politic and governance situations in Indonesia has prompted the establishment of polling agencies that help citizens understand the maps of political power and candidates in general elections and regional head elections.
Political science (General), Political institutions and public administration - Asia (Asian studies only)
The article studies the legislative basis of power distribution as a basic component of the mechanism of financial support of education at the regional level. Budgetary expenditure on education has been analyzed. It has been grounded and proposed to transfer the authority of financial support of education to appropriate regional and district administrations within the frameworks of decentralisation.
Political institutions and public administration (General)
O artigo busca discutir a democracia, tomando-a em sua dimensão mais radical, ou seja, como espaço e forma de relações de poder constituinte do povo. De outro lado, recorda que conceitual e analiticamente nascem juntos o princípio da soberania do povo e o do poder permanente de se constituir. A isto se une uma analogia conceitual entre poder constituinte e democracia à medida que ambos se referem e - não apenas isto - descrevem a ação coletiva de autolegislação e de automudança. Deste modo, debater a democracia contemporânea e suas incompletudes exige que se retome a articulação histórica e conceitual entre poder constituinte e democracia. Somente assim se resgata a verdade radical da política e da democracia moderna; suas potencialidades de emancipação humana.