Hasil untuk "Organic chemistry"

D. Blakemore, Luis Castro, I. Churcher et al.

Avery E. Baumann, David A. Burns, Bingqian Liu et al.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous materials with unprecedented chemical and structural tunability. Their synthetic versatility, long-range order, and rich host–guest chemistry make MOFs ideal platforms for identifying design features for advanced functional materials. This review addresses synthetic approaches to control MOF attributes for realizing material properties such as charge conductivity, stability, surface area, and flexibility. Along with an updated account on MOFs employed in batteries and supercapacitors, new directions are outlined for advancing MOF research in emergent technologies such as solid-state electrolytes and battery operation in extreme environments.Synthetic tenability of metal organic frameworks renders them versatile platform for next-generation energy storage technologies. Here the authors provide an overview of selected MOF attributes for applications in solid-state electrolytes and battery operation in extreme environments.

Rui‐Biao Lin, S. Xiang, Wei Zhou et al.

Gas separation is a very important industrial process for manufacturing chemicals, fuels, plastics, and polymers but is also energy intensive through the traditional cryogenic distillations. Adsorptive gas separation by porous materials can potentially fulfill the energy-efficient separation economy. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a new generation of porous materials, have been demonstrated for their promise in addressing important gas separations. In this review, we outline the uniqueness and basic design principles of MOF chemistry for gas separation in terms of their specific pore chemistry and molecular recognition. The finely tuned micropores for the high sieving effects and immobilized functional sites on pore surfaces for specific recognition of gas molecules have enabled us to develop a variety of microporous MOFs for many gas separations with both high separation selectivity and productivity. We highlight the major progress and achievements in this very important topic, which will further facilitate the extensive research endeavors and promote their industrial implementation for gas separation.

P. Poizot, J. Gaubicher, S. Renault et al.

As the world moves toward electromobility and a concomitant decarbonization of its electrical supply, modern society is also entering a so-called fourth industrial revolution marked by a boom of electronic devices and digital technologies. Consequently, battery demand has exploded along with the need for ores and metals to fabricate them. Starting from such a critical analysis and integrating robust structural data, this review aims at pointing out there is room to promote organic-based electrochemical energy storage. Combined with recycling solutions, redox-active organic species could decrease the pressure on inorganic compounds and offer valid options in terms of environmental footprint and possible disruptive chemistries to meet the energy storage needs of both today and tomorrow. We review state-of-the-art developments in organic batteries, current challenges, and prospects, and we discuss the fundamental principles that govern the reversible chemistry of organic structures. We provide a comprehensive overview of all reported cell configurations that involve electroactive organic compounds working either in the solid state or in solution for aqueous or nonaqueous electrolytes. These configurations include alkali (Li/Na/K) and multivalent (Mg, Zn)-based electrolytes for conventional "sealed" batteries and redox-flow systems. We also highlight the most promising systems based on such various chemistries relying on appropriate metrics such as operation voltage, specific capacity, specific energy, or cycle life to assess the performances of electrodes.

P. Melchiorre, Mauro Marigo, Armando Carlone et al.

Xinran Li, Xinchun Yang, Huaiguo Xue et al.

Abstract Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), an emerging class of porous materials, have shown intriguing and promising properties in a wide range of applications due to their versatile structures, large surface areas, tunable porosity and tailorable chemistry. In recent years one of the most active research fields is to explore energy applications of MOF-based materials. In this review, we present a critical overview on the recent progress of the use of MOF-based materials for gaseous fuel storage, chemical hydrogen storage, solar and electrochemical energy storage and conversion. The challenges and opportunities towards advanced energy technologies with the MOF-based materials are discussed.

B. Frontana-Uribe, R. Little, J. G. Ibanez et al.

Vlad Paşcanu, Vlad Paşcanu, Greco González Miera et al.

Recent advances in organic chemistry and materials chemistry have enabled the porosity of new materials to be accurately controlled on the nanometer scale. In this context, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have rapidly become one of the most attractive classes of solid supports currently under investigation in heterogeneous catalysis. Their unprecedented degree of tunability gives MOFs the chance to succeed where others have failed. The past decade has witnessed an exponential growth in the complexity of new structures. MOFs with a variety of topologies and pore sizes show excellent stability across wide ranges of pH and temperature. Even the controlled insertion of defects, to alter the MOF's properties in a predictable manner, has become commonplace. However, research on catalysis with MOFs has been sluggish in catching up with modern trends in organic chemistry. Relevant issues such as enantioselective processes, C-H activation, or olefin metathesis are still rarely discussed. In this Perspective, we highlight meritorious examples that tackle important issues from contemporary organic synthesis, and that provide a fair comparison with existing catalysts. Some of these MOF catalysts already outcompete state-of-the-art homogeneous solutions. For others, improvements may still be required, but they have merit in aiming for the bigger challenge. Furthermore, we also identify some important areas where MOFs are likely to make a difference, by addressing currently unmet needs in catalysis instead of trying to outcompete homogeneous catalysts in areas where they excel. Finally, we strongly advocate for rational design of MOF catalysts, founded on a deep mechanistic understanding of the events taking place inside the pore.

K. Weissermel, H. Arpe

G. W. Wheland

R. Atkinson, J. Arey

Chao‐Jun Li, Liang Chen

J. Seinfeld, S. Pandis, K. Noone

C. Ingold

Cuiju Zhu, Nate W. J. Ang, T. H. Meyer et al.

Efficient and selective molecular syntheses are paramount to inter alia biomolecular chemistry and material sciences as well as for practitioners in chemical, agrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries. Organic electrosynthesis has undergone a considerable renaissance and has thus in recent years emerged as an increasingly viable platform for the sustainable molecular assembly. In stark contrast to early strategies by innate reactivity, electrochemistry was recently merged with modern concepts of organic synthesis, such as transition-metal-catalyzed transformations for inter alia C–H functionalization and asymmetric catalysis. Herein, we highlight the unique potential of organic electrosynthesis for sustainable synthesis and catalysis, showcasing key aspects of exceptional selectivities, the synergism with photocatalysis, or dual electrocatalysis, and novel mechanisms in metallaelectrocatalysis until February of 2021.

Arun K. Ghosh, M. Brindisi

The carbamate group is a key structural motif in many approved drugs and prodrugs. There is an increasing use of carbamates in medicinal chemistry and many derivatives are specifically designed to make drug–target interactions through their carbamate moiety. In this Perspective, we present properties and stabilities of carbamates, reagents and chemical methodologies for the synthesis of carbamates, and recent applications of carbamates in drug design and medicinal chemistry.

Sandeep Kumar, Shikha Jain, Monika Nehra et al.

Abstract Sustainable methods of synthesizing metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are of paramount importance to energy conservation efforts and environmental remediation. It can be a significant tool in the global campaign to avoid use of hazardous substances, such as metal ions, organic solvents, and complexes in metal–organic chemistry. MOFs with porosity and crystalline nature offer structural tunability via variation in metal node and organic linker that promote their wide applicability at both scientific and industrial level. Besides fascinating properties of MOFs, their real field applications are still limited due to adverse environmental impact of the conventional synthesis approaches. Considerable research efforts have been devoted to devising clean and sustainable synthesis routes for MOFs to reduce the environmental impact of their preparation. This review covers the design strategies for greener, more energy-efficient, and less-toxic MOF synthesis through application of 12 green chemistry principles. Attention is given to development of green and industrially acceptable MOF chemistry based on (i) safer solvent/or reaction media, (ii) sustainable metal ions, and (iii) biocompatible (i.e., biomolecule/biomass-derived) organic linkers. The versatile functionality, biodegradability, biocompatible nature, and high drug loading capacity of green MOFs are highly promising for environmental and medical applications. In this review, the recent update on applicability of green MOFs in catalysis, adsorption/separation processes, and therapeutics is highlighted. In the last section, outlook and future challenges are illustrated, keeping in view their disposal and health related concerns.

M. Reetz

Cheng Qian, Lili Feng, Wei Liang Teo et al.

Nathan A. Baker, Brian Bilodeau, Chi Chen et al.

We present QDK/Chemistry, a software toolkit for quantum chemistry workflows targeting quantum computers. The toolkit addresses a key challenge in the field: while quantum algorithms for chemistry have matured considerably, the infrastructure connecting classical electronic structure calculations to quantum circuit execution remains fragmented. QDK/Chemistry provides this infrastructure through a modular architecture that separates data representations from computational methods, enabling researchers to compose workflows from interchangeable components. In addition to providing native implementations of targeted algorithms in the quantum-classical pipeline, the toolkit builds upon and integrates with widely used open-source quantum chemistry packages and quantum computing frameworks through a plugin system, allowing users to combine methods from different sources without modifying workflow logic. This paper describes the design philosophy, current capabilities, and role of QDK/Chemistry as a foundation for reproducible quantum chemistry experiments.