Hasil untuk "Oratory. Elocution, etc."

Mauro Tulli

Lo scopo di questo contributo è organizzare un pur veloce schema degli orientamenti che ha il dibattito sulle parole delle Muse che nella Teogonia, per la scena dell’investitura, Esiodo inserisce amalgamando ben precisi modelli di Omero, con arte allusiva, il discorso delle Sirene, il discorso di Eumeo nell’Odissea e, al centro, il commento al discorso di Etone di Creta. Per le cose vere, ἀληθέα, qui emerge un attrito polare con le molte cose false, ψεύδεα πολλά, che sembrano reali, ἐτύμοισιν ὁμοῖα. Per la critica, il rifiuto colpisce la menzogna con la negazione dell’identità o indica la teoria dell’εἰκὼς λόγος, della finzione, che Aristotele deriva da Gorgia e da Platone. Ma Tucidide, con la VII Nemea di Pindaro, è un sostegno per immaginare un terzo campo: il racconto che trova un codice nell’αὔξησις, nell’amplificazione, il racconto che non offre la base conciliabile con le cose vere.

Francesca Restucci

Recensione di Giuliana Benvenuti (a cura di), La letteratura oggi. Romanzo, editoria, transmedialità (Einaudi, 2023).

Gabriele D'Amato

Recensione di Stefano Ballerio (a cura di), Morale della fabula. Biblion, 2023. 

Valentina Vignotto

Negli anni Settanta, con la pubblicazione di La violenza e il sacro (1972), René Girard coglie le implicazioni sociali dell’ipotesi mimetica nata dallo studio del romanzo moderno e contenuta in Menzogna romantica e verità romanzesca (1961) e Dostoevskij. Dal doppio all’unità (1963). Uno studio incrociato degli strumenti ermeneutici che Girard adotta per ciascuna di queste fasi ci permette di tracciare una precisa strada ermeneutica che colleghi la figura di Edipo e il suo crimine, il parricidio, ai grandi epilettici del romanzo dostoevskiano. Dopo aver introdotto i termini con cui Girard coglie la derivazione paterna dell’orgoglio in Dostoevskij e dopo aver illustrato i caratteri del capro espiatorio girardiano presenti nella tragedia sofoclea Edipo re, il saggio analizza il ruolo dell’epilessia nella biografia e nell’opera di Dostoevskij, sino a giungere ad una rilettura girardiana degli schemi narrativi del romanzo I fratelli Karamazov, simbolo per eccellenza del delitto parricida.

Giuliano Cenati

I processi di trasformazione che hanno interessato il campo fumettistico al crocevia del secolo si allacciano strettamente alla digitalizzazione e all’integrazione del sistema mediale. Accanto all’affermazione del graphic novel, che permette al fumetto di convergere verso archi narrativi organici di matrice romanzesca, si delineano tendenze al riscatto dei generi brevi del fumetto classico: la striscia umoristica, la vignetta fulminante, la tavola autoconclusiva. L’accrescimento vertiginoso dei flussi sviluppati dal web favorisce la trasposizione, il ricircolo, la stratificazione di simili schegge fumettistiche, tra comunicazione analogica e comunicazione digitale. Si tratta di proposte che insorgono dal basso, da protagonisti della compartecipazione creativa socialmediale o da rinnovatori della cultura underground. L’intreccio fra interazione estetica istituzionale e medialità autogestita, pur vincolato all’oligopolio delle piattaforme, dischiude originali opportunità di differenziazione e arricchimento dell’esperienza fumettistica.

P. Kumari, S. Rani, S. Kar et al.

The Quantum Materials group at Indian Institute of Technology Patna is working on a range of topics relating to nanoelectronics, spintronics, clean energy and memory design etc. The PI has past experiences of working extensively with superconducting systems like cuprates [1, 2], ruthanate [3], pnictide [4, 5], thin film heterostructures [6, 7] etc and magnetic recording media [8, 9] etc. In this report, we have summarised the ongoing works in our group. We explored a range of functional materials like two-dimensional materials, oxides. topological insulators, organic materials etc. using a combination of experimnetal and computational tools. Some of the useful highlights are as follows: (a) tuning and control of the magnetic and electronic state of 2D magentic materials with rapid enhancement in the Curie temperature, (b) Design and detection of single electron transistor based nanosensors for the detection of biological species with single molecular resolution, (c) Observation of non-volatile memory behaviour in the hybrid structures made of perovskite materials and 2D hybrids. The results offer useful insight in the design of nanoelectronic architecrures for diverse applications.

Xiang Li, Juncheng Guo, Qige Song et al.

Mobile Internet has profoundly reshaped modern lifestyles in various aspects. Encrypted Traffic Classification (ETC) naturally plays a crucial role in managing mobile Internet, especially with the explosive growth of mobile apps using encrypted communication. Despite some existing learning-based ETC methods showing promising results, three-fold limitations still remain in real-world network environments, 1) label bias caused by traffic class imbalance, 2) traffic homogeneity caused by component sharing, and 3) training with reliance on sufficient labeled traffic. None of the existing ETC methods can address all these limitations. In this paper, we propose a novel Pre-trAining Semi-Supervised ETC framework, dubbed PASS. Our key insight is to resample the original train dataset and perform contrastive pre-training without using individual app labels directly to avoid label bias issues caused by class imbalance, while obtaining a robust feature representation to differentiate overlapping homogeneous traffic by pulling positive traffic pairs closer and pushing negative pairs away. Meanwhile, PASS designs a semi-supervised optimization strategy based on pseudo-label iteration and dynamic loss weighting algorithms in order to effectively utilize massive unlabeled traffic data and alleviate manual train dataset annotation workload. PASS outperforms state-of-the-art ETC methods and generic sampling approaches on four public datasets with significant class imbalance and traffic homogeneity, remarkably pushing the F1 of Cross-Platform215 with 1.31%, ISCX-17 with 9.12%. Furthermore, we validate the generality of the contrastive pre-training and pseudo-label iteration components of PASS, which can adaptively benefit ETC methods with diverse feature extractors.

Lingxiao Wang, Qi Cai, Zhuoran Yang et al.

Reinforcement learning in partially observed Markov decision processes (POMDPs) faces two challenges. (i) It often takes the full history to predict the future, which induces a sample complexity that scales exponentially with the horizon. (ii) The observation and state spaces are often continuous, which induces a sample complexity that scales exponentially with the extrinsic dimension. Addressing such challenges requires learning a minimal but sufficient representation of the observation and state histories by exploiting the structure of the POMDP. To this end, we propose a reinforcement learning algorithm named Embed to Control (ETC), which learns the representation at two levels while optimizing the policy.~(i) For each step, ETC learns to represent the state with a low-dimensional feature, which factorizes the transition kernel. (ii) Across multiple steps, ETC learns to represent the full history with a low-dimensional embedding, which assembles the per-step feature. We integrate (i) and (ii) in a unified framework that allows a variety of estimators (including maximum likelihood estimators and generative adversarial networks). For a class of POMDPs with a low-rank structure in the transition kernel, ETC attains an $O(1/ε^2)$ sample complexity that scales polynomially with the horizon and the intrinsic dimension (that is, the rank). Here $ε$ is the optimality gap. To our best knowledge, ETC is the first sample-efficient algorithm that bridges representation learning and policy optimization in POMDPs with infinite observation and state spaces.

Giannis Delimpaltadakis, Gabriel de A. Gleizer, Ivo van Straalen et al.

We present ETCetera, a Python library developed for the analysis and synthesis of the sampling behaviour of event triggered control (ETC) systems. In particular, the tool constructs abstractions of the sampling behaviour of given ETC systems, in the form of timed automata (TA) or finite-state transition systems (FSTSs). When the abstraction is an FSTS, ETCetera provides diverse manipulation tools for analysis of ETC's sampling performance, synthesis of communication traffic schedulers (when networks shared by multiple ETC loops are considered), and optimization of sampling strategies. Additionally, the TA models may be exported to UPPAAL for analysis and synthesis of schedulers. Several examples of the tool's application for analysis and synthesis problems with different types of dynamics and event-triggered implementations are provided.

Fabio Camilletti

This essay examines the influence of Plutarch’s Life of Brutus on Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, arguing that the relationship between Brutus and his «evil genius» provides Shelley with a model for characterizing the pair of Victor Frankenstein and his Creature. By considering the broader context of Plutarch’s reception from the sixteenth through the early nineteenth centuries, and particularly the construction of Brutus as a ghost-seer, a clinical obsessive, or a revolutionary icon, the essay examines the Brutus/Victor parallel as actual and/or symbolic parricides, shedding new light on Shelley’s failed representation of the French Revolution in her novel.

Giannis Delimpaltadakis, Luca Laurenti, Manuel Mazo

Recently, there have been efforts towards understanding the sampling behaviour of event-triggered control (ETC), for obtaining metrics on its sampling performance and predicting its sampling patterns. Finite-state abstractions, capturing the sampling behaviour of ETC systems, have proven promising in this respect. So far, such abstractions have been constructed for non-stochastic systems. Here, inspired by this framework, we abstract the sampling behaviour of stochastic narrow-sense linear periodic ETC (PETC) systems via Interval Markov Chains (IMCs). Particularly, we define functions over sequences of state-measurements and interevent times that can be expressed as discounted cumulative sums of rewards, and compute bounds on their expected values by constructing appropriate IMCs and equipping them with suitable rewards. Finally, we argue that our results are extendable to more general forms of functions, thus providing a generic framework to define and study various ETC sampling indicators.

Gabriel de Albuquerque Gleizer, Manuel Mazo

Event-triggered control (ETC) is a major recent development in cyber-physical systems due to its capability of reducing resource utilization in networked devices. However, while most of the ETC literature reports simulations indicating massive reductions in the sampling required for control, no method so far has been capable of quantifying these results. In this work, we propose an approach through finite-state abstractions to do formal quantification of the traffic generated by ETC of linear systems, in particular aiming at computing its smallest average inter-sample time (SAIST). The method involves abstracting the traffic model through $l$-complete abstractions, finding the cycle of minimum average length in the graph associated to it, and verifying whether this cycle is an infinitely recurring traffic pattern. The method is proven to be robust to sufficiently small model uncertainties, which allows its application to compute the SAIST of ETC of nonlinear systems.

Stefan Wildhagen, Frank Allgöwer

The fact that event-triggered control (ETC) often exhibits an improved performance-communication tradeoff over time-triggered control renders it especially useful for Networked Control Systems (NCSs). However, it has proven difficult to characterize the traffic produced by ETC a priori. Rollout ETC addresses this issue by using a triggering and control law that is implicitly defined by the solution to an optimal control problem (OCP), instead of an explicit one as in classical ETC. This allows to directly incorporate predefined constraints on the transmission traffic as well as on states and inputs. In this article, we examine the practically relevant case when output instead of state measurements are available, and measurements as well as the LTI plant are subject to uncertainties. To address these challenges, we adapt methods from robust tube-based model predictive control and propose three different strategies to implement an error feedback in an NCSs setup, the applicability of which depends on the capabilities of the actuator. We establish recursive feasibility, robust constraint satisfaction and convergence. Finally, we illustrate our results in a numerical example.

Bhavya Ghai, Md Naimul Hoque, Klaus Mueller

Intersectional bias is a bias caused by an overlap of multiple social factors like gender, sexuality, race, disability, religion, etc. A recent study has shown that word embedding models can be laden with biases against intersectional groups like African American females, etc. The first step towards tackling such intersectional biases is to identify them. However, discovering biases against different intersectional groups remains a challenging task. In this work, we present WordBias, an interactive visual tool designed to explore biases against intersectional groups encoded in static word embeddings. Given a pretrained static word embedding, WordBias computes the association of each word along different groups based on race, age, etc. and then visualizes them using a novel interactive interface. Using a case study, we demonstrate how WordBias can help uncover biases against intersectional groups like Black Muslim Males, Poor Females, etc. encoded in word embedding. In addition, we also evaluate our tool using qualitative feedback from expert interviews. The source code for this tool can be publicly accessed for reproducibility at github.com/bhavyaghai/WordBias.

Filippo Andrea Rossi

abstract

Valentina Conti, Stefano Calabrese

La retorica ha subito innumerevoli cambiamenti che hanno portato la classica “arte del parlare” a un sistematico sfaldamento, dapprima a favore della sola elocutio, poi della lexis poetica, infine della metafora. A risentire maggiormente del nuovo assetto di “riduzione tropologica” è la metonimia, bistrattata e declassata a tropo di second’ordine in confronto alla metafora, in particolare a partire dall’ultimo ventennio del XX secolo, dopo un momento di relativo successo. Negli ultimi quindici anni la comunità scientifica, grazie al cognitivismo e alle neuroscienze, ha iniziato a identificare nella metonimia un ruolo primario nell’ecosistema mentale e addirittura una supremazia a livello bio-evolutivo e neuro-fisiologico, a detrimento della metafora, fenomeno secondario e più slegato dalle sfere esperienziali dell’habitat quotidiano. Il funzionamento del cervello è programmato per utilizzare metonimie sia grazie alla capacità del ragionamento inferenziale, sia grazie al fatto che emozioni e sintomi fisiologici si linkano in una incessante operazione metonimica, in particolare dove gli stimoli condizionati predicono e sussumono le emozioni incondizionate, di fatto facilitando un autocontrollo pulsionale.

Marco Carmello

Traduzione di: Taccetta, Natalia, “Signatura e historia: una aproximación al encuentro Benjamin-Agamben”, Metahistorias, 2011. Lo scopo dell’articolo consiste nell’analisi della relazione Benjamin/Agamben nella definizione dell’avanguardia come fenomeno non solo estetico ma anche conoscitivo.

Alessandra Diazzi

Si recensisce Lawtoo, Nidesh. Il fantasma dell’io: la massa e l’inconscio mimetico. Mimesis, 2018. This is the review of the Italian edition of Lawtoo, Nidesh. Il fantasma dell’io: la massa e l’inconscio mimetico. Mimesis, 2018.

Ioana Alexandrescu

El artículo ofrece un panorama de los trayectos de la traducción de Mircea Cărtărescu al español. Se aborda el conjunto de sus traducciones desde una perspectiva plural, que pretende distinguir las particularidades del caso y construir una compleja base informativa sobre el tema aún muy poco estudiado de la representación de la obra de Mircea Cărtărescu en el ámbito hispanohablante.

Alessio Cerreia Varale

Recensiamo l’edizione italiana, curata da Massimo Bonafin, del libro di Eleazar Moiseevič Meletinskij Archetipi letterari. Trad. Laura Sestri. Macerata: eum, 2016.   Review of the Italian edition of Eleazar Moiseevič Meletinskij’s book Archetipi letterari, edited by Massimo Bonafin. Translation by Laura Sestri. Macerata: eum, 2016.