Hasil untuk "Mechanical industries"

Shivi Sharma, Neetha S.S., Pranav Arya et al.

The indicators of electric vehicle performance such as state of charge (SOC), remaining useful life (RUL), and charge demand need to be accurately forecasted to ensure maximum energy control and battery life. The models used are usually not able to capture the spatial and temporal correlation of battery data and be robust to the presence of noisy measurements. In this study, we model a sequential attention-based deep learning structure with convolutional neural networks, gated recurrent units, and an attention mechanism that can ultimately understand the local features, temporal relationships, and dynamic significance of various features in sequential battery data. The hybrid architecture of this model allows it to extract local spatial features, long-term sequential dependencies and dynamically find the importance of the critical time steps. We also develop a hybrid loss that is an accumulation of Huber loss and Mean Squared Error, which is much more resilient to outliers and at the same time has high prediction accuracy. It is experimentally proven that the proposed model has R2 values of 0.9575, 0.9558, and 0.9199 on SOC, RUL, and charge demand, respectively, which are better than the current single-architecture methods.

Lovepreet Kaur, Jayant Singh, Alaknanda Ashok et al.

Alternative renewable fuels are the need of the hour due to limited petroleum fuel sources and environmental degradation caused by emissions. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing cattle dung bio-oil (CDBO) microemulsions as an alternative fuel in compression ignition engines by investigating their production, stability, performance, combustion, and emission characteristics. CDBO was produced through fast pyrolysis under optimized conditions and blended with high-speed diesel (HSD) using castor oil methyl ester as an additive to prepare stable microemulsions containing 5–20% bio-oil by volume. The experimental objectives included characterization of the bio-oil, development of microemulsions, and assessment of their influence on engine performance, combustion parameters, and emission profiles. The engine testing was conducted on a single-cylinder, 4-stroke, water-cooled, direct-injection diesel engine (Kirloskar AVI, 5 hp/3.73 kW) coupled with an eddy current dynamometer. The setup was equipped with sensors and transducers to measure all required parameters. The findings indicated that the microemulsions having 20% bio-oil exhibited higher brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) (16.4%) and lower brake thermal efficiency (13.2%) than that of diesel, while the brake power remained almost the same at full loads. The microemulsion fuels produced significantly lower carbon monoxide (27%) and hydrocarbon emissions (41.5%), and the temperature of exhaust gas was higher (10.4%). At high loads, the microemulsions generated 23.5% lower smoke emissions than HSD. The ignition delay was the same as for diesel operation at higher loads, while the cylinder peak pressure was 6.4% higher than that of diesel.

Eyal Sasson, József Kádár, Tali Zohar et al.

Abstract Energy storage technologies (ESTs) play an important role in integrated, decentralized renewable energy systems. However, the lack of public acceptance and awareness of ESTs can significantly delay or block the implementation of renewable energy projects. This study aims to identify the societal and legislative barriers to implementing ESTs using the southern Arava region in Israel as a case study. This research involves semistructured interviews with decision-makers, such as government officials, stakeholders, and business owners. Additionally, an online survey is conducted to understand the knowledge and awareness of residents of this region about energy transition and the various types of ESTs. The findings indicate that while 83% of respondents supported EST installations outside their residential areas or workplaces, 27% opposed having them within their residential areas. Approximately 11% of respondents stated that ESTs negatively impact the landscape, and approximately 6% expressed concern about the health-related hazards caused by local energy storage facilities. Our findings not only highlight that decision-makers consider the economic benefits to the local community as the main driving factor for public acceptance of such installations but also show that ESTs are a critical step toward achieving energy independence and increasing urban resilience to cope with unexpected crises.

Vincenzo Titone, Erica Gea Rodi, Antonino Oliveri et al.

Recently, many industries are adopting closed-loop recycling models to recover and reuse production scrap in order to reduce waste, conserve resources, and minimize environmental impact. In this scenario, this paper aims to simulate such a model using biodegradable pipe scrap, with the objective of studying how the concentration of recycled biodegradable pipe scrap affects mechanical and rheological properties and to evaluate the effectiveness of this approach. Firstly, irrigation pipes were subjected to multiple extrusions to evaluate their thermal and mechanical stability under repeated processing. Subsequently, blends of virgin polymer and biodegradable irrigation pipe scraps (monopolymer blends) were prepared following an industrial approach. All systems were fully characterized through mechanical and rheological tests. The results obtained showed that multiple extrusions had a significant impact on the mechanical and rheological properties of the pipe, while the presence of reprocessed pipe in the blend only minimally affected the characteristics of the virgin biopolymer, demonstrating the effectiveness of this approach.

Arora Hitesh, Kumar Rajeev, Gulati Piyush et al.

Controlling defects such as deformation in the weld joint and the residual or superfluous stresses due to tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding or arc welding is a major concern for many industries like aeronautical, automobiles, nuclear or atomic power plants, crude oil or fossil fuel industries where pipes are in use and circumferential welding is done. Arc welding is a metal joining process, and TIG welding is applied to many industrial sectors that require high-quality welding. Simulation has been done on single-pass TIG welding on the Flange pipe of SS316 to evaluate transient temperature, residual stresses, and distortion. First, a 3D model is developed and assembled in SolidWorks. Second, in an MSC Patran, preprocessing of the FE model is done. Finally, in MSC Marc, thermal and mechanical simulation is performed. Based on this simulation, the accuracy of welding of the flange–butt joint made of SS316 is validated. In this study, the information regarding simulation of temperature dispensation and residual or superfluous stresses is done on the flange–butt joint, and it found the stresses are compressive at the weld bead area, and along the transverse direction, stresses changed to the tensile. The experimental data show that the steep curve at 0.00 mm represents a maximum temperature near the weld path at approximately 2,352°C, and the slant curve shows the far away points from the weld path. Comparing it with FE analysis, the maximum temperature attained was around 2,539°C. An approximate deviation of 7.365% was observed. The results of the study will provide experimental and simulation analyses for the welding of pipes of stainless steel for the transportation of oil and gases in the petroleum industries.

Yicang Guo, Yan Ding, Jinlong Li et al.

The energy efficiency of the single-effect absorption refrigeration systems (ARS) using ionic liquid (IL) [Emim]Br as an absorbent and water as a refrigerant is evaluated in this study. The thermodynamic properties of the mixture, such as vapor pressures and excess enthalpies, are calculated using the non-random two-liquid (NRTL) activity coefficient model. The coefficient of performance (COP) is estimated with fixed temperatures for the evaporator, absorber, condenser, and generator, set at 10, 30, 40, and 100 °C, respectively. It is found that the COP of the single-effect ARS using [Emim]Br-H2O as the working pair is about 0.8, which is slightly lower than that obtained with LiBr-H2O (0.83), but much higher than that of H2O-NH3 (0.65) systems. The effect of generator temperature on COP has the same trend as that of other IL working pairs. The influence of each component temperature on the system’s performance is investigated, and it is found that the single-effect ARS performs very well under different conditions with [Emim]Br - H2O as the working pair.

Ning Zhou, Bowen Shang, Jinshuai Zhang et al.

Expanding photovoltaic (PV) resources in rural-grid areas is an essential means to augment the share of solar energy in the energy landscape, aligning with the “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” objectives. However, rural power grids often lack digitalization; thus, the load distribution within these areas is not fully known. This hinders the calculation of the available PV capacity and deduction of node voltages. This study proposes a load-distribution modeling approach based on remote-sensing image recognition in pursuit of a scientific framework for developing distributed PV resources in rural grid areas. First, houses in remote-sensing images are accurately recognized using deep-learning techniques based on the YOLOv5 model. The distribution of the houses is then used to estimate the load distribution in the grid area. Next, equally spaced and clustered distribution models are used to adaptively determine the location of the nodes and load power in the distribution lines. Finally, by calculating the connectivity matrix of the nodes, a minimum spanning tree is extracted, the topology of the network is constructed, and the node parameters of the load-distribution model are calculated. The proposed scheme is implemented in a software package and its efficacy is demonstrated by analyzing typical remote-sensing images of rural grid areas. The results underscore the ability of the proposed approach to effectively discern the distribution-line structure and compute the node parameters, thereby offering vital support for determining PV access capability.

Myat Noe Khin, Shabbir Ahammed, Md. Murtuza Kamal et al.

Edible film and coating are nutritious and beneficial for the host as those are consumed with food. Among various edible films and coatings, this review focused on protein-based films and coatings due to their potential application as a carrier for bioactive compounds in the food and biomedical industries. Bioactive compounds such as probiotics, prebiotics, and phenolic compounds have shown promise in maintaining intestinal health. They enhance immune response, lower inflammation in gastrointestinal illnesses, and help to prevent colon cancer. However, these bioactive compounds are often susceptible to environmental factors such as temperature, oxygen, pH etc. Consequently, encapsulation of these compounds becomes essential to protect them from potential damage and ensure the delivery of these compounds into the host body while retaining their intended functional properties. Current trends involve incorporating phenolic compounds into films or encapsulating probiotics and prebiotics as core materials using different wall materials. These encapsulated compounds can be intake with the food. Ongoing research endeavors are dedicated to improve the mechanical properties or functional properties of edible films and coatings separately. This review aims to overcome existing limitations of encapsulation of bioactive compounds into various types of protein film and enhance the functionality and health benefits and unlock the application of protein-based edible films and coating in the food industry.

Manoj Agrawal

Rachel Furmidge, Rachel Furmidge, Caitlin E. Jackson et al.

High internal phase emulsion (HIPE) templating is a well-established method for the generation of polymeric materials with high porosity (>74%) and degree of interconnectivity. The porosity and pore size can be altered by adjusting parameters during emulsification, which affects the properties of the resulting porous structure. However, there remain challenges for the fabrication of polyHIPEs, including typically small pore sizes (∼20–50 μm) and the use of surfactants, which can limit their use in biological applications. Here, we present the use of gelatin, a natural polymer, during the formation of polyHIPE structures, through the use of two biodegradable polymers, polycaprolactone-methacrylate (PCL-M) and polyglycerol sebacate-methacrylate (PGS-M). When gelatin is used as the internal phase, it is capable of stabilising emulsions without the need for an additional surfactant. Furthermore, by changing the concentration of gelatin within the internal phase, the pore size of the resulting polyHIPE can be tuned. 5% gelatin solution resulted in the largest mean pore size, increasing from 53 μm to 80 μm and 28 μm to 94 µm for PCL-M and PGS-M respectively. In addition, the inclusion of gelatin further increased the mechanical properties of the polyHIPEs and increased the period an emulsion could be stored before polymerisation. Our results demonstrate the potential to use gelatin for the fabrication of surfactant-free polyHIPEs with macroporous structures, with potential applications in tissue engineering, environmental and agricultural industries.

Md Masum Reza, Hosne Ara Begum, Ahmed Jalal Uddin

The textile sector is among the leading industries globally in terms of releasing pollutants and producing waste. Despite being reusable, many wastes are squandered by disposing to landfills or incineration, creating a serious environmental threat. Because the cost of raw materials makes up a significant portion of the total product cost, manufacturers can obtain significant profits by exploiting waste generated during the manufacturing process. Herein, an attempt has been taken to utilize cotton filter waste (CFW) (collected from the humidification plant of the spinning mill) as reinforcement in manufacturing biocomposites with the corn starch (CS) matrix. Starch was considered to be the most suitable matrix as it is sustainable, abundant, natural, biodegradable, and, more importantly, capable of showing thermoplastic behavior under high temperatures. Sheets of corn starch composites reinforced with different wt% of cleaned cotton filter waste were fabricated using hand layup and compression molding techniques. The 50 wt% cotton waste was found to be optimum loading in terms of tensile strength, Young's modulus, bending strength, toughness, impact strength, and thermal Conductivity of the biocomposites. SEM micrographs revealed good interfacial adhesion (bonding) in matrix and filler interfaces, with the most substantial bonding for composites containing 50% fibers that concomitantly enhanced the mechanical properties of composites. The obtained biocomposites are deemed to be a sustainable alternative to non-degradable synthetic polymeric materials like Styrofoam for packaging and insulation applications.

Ciptandi Fajar, Puspitasari Citra

This research focuses on the development of utilizing Grade-C kenaf fibers (poor quality) produced from plantations in Pesanggarahan village, Lamongan regency, Indonesia, to produce alternative textile materials for textile craft and textile products. High-quality kenaf fibers have been utilized in the automotive, pulp and paper, and geotextile industries, while low-quality kenaf fibers are considered less potential and have only been used as gunny sacks. This research was conducted through an exploration and experimental approach, dividing the process into four stages, namely: (1) scouring stage using standard degumming of cellulose fibers; (2) testing strength and elongation of fibers; (3) bleaching stage of fibers; and (4) textile exploration stage with design and craft approach to create yarn and fabric weaving and crochet techniques, and the results were quantitatively tested to identify their mechanical and physical properties. This is beneficial as a solution to add value to a material to produce material trends for the development of textile craft products.

G.Elizabeth Rani, R. Murugeswari, Selvakumar Vairamuthu et al.

This work explored the importance of quantitative observation through imaging methods of optical and electron microscopies on the mechanical properties of particulate polymeric composites. Egg shell powder (ESP) reinforced polypropylene carbonate (PPC) polymeric composites with different filler weight percentage (wt.%) from 1 to 5 wt.% were considered. A cost-effective Image Analysis Software (IAS) was developed to extract black particles from the original optical images. During this process, the optimal image can be reproduced based on its originality by controlling the threshold values from 0.1 to 0.6 in real time situation. Using one-dimensional (1D) Gaussian distribution analysis, the authentication of the particle distribution data was studied and linked to the tensile strength of the composites. The mean value of the particle area collected from the left and right side of the scattered curves has a significant effect on the tensile strength of the composites. The proposed model was validated by comparing the predicted statistical results with the measured tensile strength for different wt.% of ESP composites. From the results obtained, a close agreement of 99% accuracy was observed between the experimental results and the proposed model for the tensile strength of the composites. The innovative study provides more practical and quantitative knowledge on improved particulate polymeric composites, in addition to the detection of failure processes through optical/electron microscopic examination of images. Evidently, the proposed cost effective, accurate and less stressful model can be employed by several composite-based industries to correlate the tensile strengths of particulate polymeric composites with their morphological properties.

Haipeng Jiang, Mingshu Bi, Jiankan Zhang et al.

Niranjan Sahoo, Anil Kumar, Samsher

Ashish Patel, T. N. Desai

Tony A. Chen

Leonie Wallat, Michael Selzer, Uwe Wasmuth et al.

This review analyses the design, manufacture and mechanical behaviour of sheet-based gyroid structures with different gradients, made of the alloy AlSi7Mg0.6. Contrary to most contributions, additive manufacturing was not used for the production of the metallic lattices. The lattices were manufactured by microcast processing, which represents an alternative manufacturing option for complex structures. Five different gyroid structures of AlSi7Mg0.6, with a porosity between 40% and 80% and different gradients, are produced and analysed. The special feature here is that, in addition to constant and linear gradients, a non-linear gradient is also taken into account. With the introduction of a non-linear gradient, a hardly considered structure is introduced. By introducing new gradients, the structures can be better adapted to their environment.The main focus of the mechanical behaviour analysis was on the possible energy absorption capacity. For this purpose, compression tests were performed. The plateau of the resulting stress–strain diagram of structures with constant porosities of 80% and 60% characterises an ideal course for energy absorption. However, graded porosity structures with porosities ranging from 80% to 40% have a higher energy absorption capacity than the structures with a constant porosity of 80%. The results show a new possibility that a targeted adjustment of the energy absorption potential is possible through future topology optimisation, which would be attractive in industries with crash safety areas.

J.B. Sajin, R. Christu Paul, J.S. Binoj et al.

Nowadays, researchers are striving forward to find an alternative sustainable material for harmful man-made fibers. In line with this, natural fibers are more recommended as sustainable reinforcements because of their specific properties suited for diverse applications. The present work deals with the inclusive characterization of thermal, mechanical and microstructural properties of alkali treated jute fiber polymer composites with special emphasis on fiber length. Composite samples are fabricated via compression molding technique by a constant weight proportion of 60 ​wt% isopthalic polyester (IP) and 40 ​wt% chopped alkali treated jute fiber (ATJF) of various lengths (5 ​mm, 10 ​mm, 15 ​mm, 20 ​mm and 25 ​mm). The mechanical performance of fabricated composites is assessed by doing tensile, impact and flexural tests and found better composite properties for 20 ​mm fiber length. Also, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) as well as Differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTA) confirmed better thermal stability (approx. 280 ​°C) for the fabricated composite. In addition, the Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) describes the functional groups, estimated average grain size 13.0789675 ​Å and morphological features of developed composites respectively. As a result, the above assessment promotes a better impact to polymer industries by employing the fabricated sustainable composites in divergent lightweight and high strength applications.

Sandeep Singh, Jaimal S Khamba, Davinder Singh

Indian process industries have come a long way to modify their technological aspects. Although consumption of processed beverages and food is booming around the globe, Indian process industries such as sugar mills are still struggling to make the best out of their resources. So, it is needful to implement a valuable strategy such as overall equipment effectiveness, which is a product of performance, quality and availability. This execution will enhance performance as well as production by mitigating the faults in the processes, operations and activities.This study presents overall equipment effectiveness as a metric approach for measuring performance. Since limited literature is available regarding overall equipment effectiveness implementation in the processing units in India; there is great scope of this study and its benefits. This study will enhance the knowledge of the stakeholders as well as researchers and will encourage overall equipment effectiveness implementation in this sector.