Hasil untuk "Literature (General)"

E. Herrett, S. Thomas, W. Schoonen et al.

AIMS To investigate the range of methods used to validate diagnoses in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD), to summarize findings and to assess the quality of these validations. METHODS A systematic literature review was performed by searching PubMed and Embase for publications using GPRD data published between 1987 and April 2008. Additional publications were identified from conference proceedings, back issues of relevant journals, bibliographies of retrieved publications and relevant websites. Publications that reported attempts to validate disease diagnoses recorded in the GPRD were included. RESULTS We identified 212 publications, often validating more than one diagnosis. In total, 357 validations investigating 183 different diagnoses met our inclusion criteria. Of these, 303 (85%) utilized data from outside the GPRD to validate diagnoses. The remainder utilized only data recorded in the database. The median proportion of cases with a confirmed diagnosis was 89% (range 24–100%). Details of validation methods and results were often incomplete. CONCLUSIONS A number of methods have been used to assess validity. Overall, estimates of validity were high. However, the quality of reporting of the validations was often inadequate to permit a clear interpretation. Not all methods provided a quantitative estimate of validity and most methods considered only the positive predictive value of a set of diagnostic codes in a highly selected group of cases. We make recommendations for methodology and reporting to strengthen further the use of the GPRD in research.

M. Golosov, John Hassler, Per Krusell et al.

F. Derksen, J. Bensing, A. Lagro-Janssen

J. Luime, B. Koes, I. Hendriksen et al.

M. Krstić, Hsin-Hsiung Wang

D. Price

A. Honěk

Robert M. Bernard, P. Abrami, Yiping Lou et al.

L. Simar, P. W. Wilson

E. Murphy, R. Dingwall, D. Greatbatch et al.

Melisande Cardona, Tobias Kretschmer, Thomas Strobel

I. Sȃrbu, Călin Sebarchievici

Vipin Kumar, S. Minz

Ashkan Negahban, Jeffrey S. Smith

Nathalie Lanctôt, Stéphane Guay

Lorena Otero-Cerdeira, F. J. Rodríguez-Martínez, A. Gómez-Rodríguez

Laura Gough, Rommel Miranda, Matthew Hemm et al.

ABSTRACT The Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) model can be used to explore how faculty prioritize learning about and adopting new pedagogical approaches. Here, we use the DOI framework to contextualize biology faculty perceptions of a professional development (PD) program designed to help them create a full semester course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) class at a large, public comprehensive university. PD sessions included exploring self-reflexive identity while fostering inclusive classroom spaces through understanding and interrupting implicit bias and microaggressions. This qualitative study sought to determine 11 biology faculty members’ beliefs about the influence of their year-long PD on their CURE development and teaching practices. Findings suggest that faculty were motivated to teach CUREs for a variety of reasons. A common incentive was integrating research into a CURE to bring their passion into their classroom and to engage more students in research. This may be particularly important at institutions where faculty have a heavy teaching load. Faculty also reported modifying their teaching in their CUREs and other courses to be more inclusive and equitable. The importance of peer interactions in the PD was emphasized repeatedly as faculty learned from experts, the literature, and faculty who had already developed a CURE. Our results illustrate that a community of practice structure can enhance the learning aspect of the community, helping faculty consider their implementation of inclusive, equitable, and high-impact practices as an ongoing educational process for themselves and emphasizing the importance of reflection and iteration in a DOI framework.

Guangwen Song, Jiajun Liang, Linlin Wu et al.

In recent years, there has been a sharp increase in the number of online fraud cases. However, research on crime geography has paid little attention to online crimes, especially to the influencing factors behind their spatial distributions. Online fraud is closely related to people’s daily internet use. The existing literature has explored the impact of internet use on online crimes based on small samples of individual interviews. There is a lack of large-scale studies from a community perspective. This study applies the routine activity theory to online activities to test the relationship between online fraud alert data and the usage durations of different types of mobile phone users’ applications (apps) for communities in ZG City. It builds negative binomial regression models for analyzing the impact of the usage of different types of apps on the spatial distribution of online fraud. The results reveal that the online fraud crime rate and the online time spent on a financial management app share the most similar spatial distribution. While financial management, online education, transportation, and search engine app usages have a significant positive association with online fraud, the use of a financial management app has the greatest impact. Additionally, time spent on social media, online shopping and entertainment, and mobile reading apps have a significant negative association with online fraud. As not all online activities lead to cybercrime, crime prevention efforts should target specific types of apps, such as financial management, online education, transportation, and search engines.

Zagalioti SC, Ziaka M, Exadaktylos A et al.

Sofia-Chrysovalantou Zagalioti,1 Mairi Ziaka,2 Aristomenis Exadaktylos,2 Barbara Fyntanidou1 1Department of Emergency Medicine, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; 2Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, SwitzerlandCorrespondence: Sofia-Chrysovalantou Zagalioti, Email sofia_zag@yahoo.comBackground: Accurate decision-making in triage largely determines the amount of time required for a patient to be evaluated and treated while in the emergency department. Nursing staff worldwide have similar learning characteristics with similar working hours and common goals, despite the fact that different triage scales are used globally. The aim of this mini review is to present the different educational methods and identify the most effective for triage training of triage nurses.Materials and Methods: We screened studies concerning triage education for nurses in Emergency Department, in databases including PubMed, CENTRAL and CINAHL. From November 12, 2023 to February 15, 2024, databases were searched for relevant literature. “Triage education” OR “triage training” AND “emergency nurses” OR “triage nurses” were the MeSH terms.Results: There are various educational methods, including traditional, web-based, audiovisual, simulation-based, blended learning, and other specialized approaches. Almost all of the studies that are currently available demonstrate how effectively an educational intervention might improve nurses’ comprehension of triage. Except for one, every study concluded that the educational intervention significantly improved nurses’ triage knowledge. Comparing the included studies is challenging due to their heterogeneity, and applying the results in practice requires caution.Conclusion: The majority of studies reported that educational interventions effectively increased nurses’ triage knowledge. Blended learning in conjunction with refresher courses enhanced triage-related knowledge and decision-making; however, additional research is required to ascertain whether this approach is superior to the others and whether these improvements will last.Keywords: educational method, emergency department, triage education

Mozhdeh Mehrabi, Fatemeh Ali Akbar Talebi, Nathan Berry et al.

In powder-based Additive Manufacturing (AM) the precise control of process parameters plays a significant role in the quality and efficiency of the printing process. Among these, the effect of temperature has received less attention in the literature, although it is a significant factor that influences the inter-particle forces and, consequently the powder flow and spreading behaviour of powders. In selective laser sintering (SLS) or selective laser melting (SLM), pre-heating the chamber and powder bed is a required step prior to sintering, hence, the temperature can significantly influence the layer adhesion and spread quality. In this context, the present study explores the effect of elevated temperature on the flow and spreading behaviours of AlSi10Mg powders. The flow properties of two different grades of aluminium alloy powders are characterised using the Carney and Hall flow tests, angle of repose and shear test techniques at different temperatures and correlated with the spreading behaviour at elevated temperatures, measured using the spreading rig with a heated bed developed at the University of Leeds. This study revealed that at elevated temperatures the spreadability of AlSi10Mg powders worsens because of changes in interparticle forces and particle surface interactions.