José Fernando Valencia Grajales, Mayda Soraya Marín Galeano, Juan David Gelacio Panesso
Las revistas científicas de ciencia sociales vienen siendo impactadas por los usos crecientes y constantes del uso de las Inteligencias Artificiales (IA), estos usos han generado nuevos desafíos éticos. Por lo anterior se busca identificar los retos y evaluar su impacto en la integridad académica con el fin de proponer posibles directrices y políticas éticas. Para ello se propone una metodología cualitativa-descriptiva, que realiza una revisión histórico normativa con un análisis crítico de contenido. Abordando los derechos de autor como centro versus la autoría automatizada o procesamiento de lenguaje derivado del uso y acceso masivo a datos. Lo que pone en confrontación los derechos de autor, versus la ética en la ciencia y pone en crisis los conceptos de autor, creación, originalidad, el papel humano y la integridad académica. Además de poner en entredicho la posibilidad de determinar el origen de los datos que proporciona la IA.
Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence, Jurisprudence. Philosophy and theory of law
O artigo apresenta os contornos do direito humano e fundamental à moradia na era do capitalismo financeiro. Propõe-se uma reflexão acerca do posicionamento adotado pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) ao apreciar o Recurso Extraordinário 860.631/SP, destacando as implicações sociais da decisão em um contexto marcado pela financeirização habitacional. Na primeira seção, realiza-se um exame sucinto do fenômeno da financeirização, enfatizando a sua influência direta na conformação do cenário de obstaculização do direito à moradia em escala global. Na segunda seção, analisa-se a decisão proferida pelo STF no Recurso Extraordinário 860.631/SP e suas repercussões sociais no cenário brasileiro em relação ao direito à moradia. Com relação aos aspectos metodológicos, o trabalho de cunho teórico observou como método de abordagem o hipotético-dedutivo, por meio do procedimento de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental com coleta de dados indiretos e interpretação jurídica de cunho sociológico. Por fim, demonstra-se que a resposta jurisdicional exarada pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal produz sérios impactos sociais, sobretudo no que diz respeito à insegurança da posse, o que aprofunda o quadro de inefetividade do direito humano e fundamental à moradia.
Lauren Benton’s new book, They Called It Peace, offers a comprehensive view of the various forms of violence that European empires deployed overseas from the early modern period to the 19th century. These forms of violence—ranging from household abuses and slavery to deliberate killings and mass exterminations—soon became routine mechanisms for maintaining colonial rule. As the author convincingly demonstrates through a solid theoretical framework and rich historical evidence, small wars were far from marginal, despite being represented as such by Europeans. Rather, they had global implications for legal, political, and cultural imaginaries, resonating to this day. This review aims to highlight the book’s important contributions to both the history of international law and global history.
Political science, Jurisprudence. Philosophy and theory of law
Cet article propose de retracer la méthodologie comparative utilisée dans le cadre du travail de thèse sur les droits et libertés du numérique comme droits fondamentaux en voie d’élaboration. Il s’agit de justifier l’opportunité du recours à la méthode comparative, de préciser les enjeux de la comparaison ainsi que ses apports. Tout d’abord, l’article met en lumière l’intérêt d’une recherche comparative s’agissant des droits et libertés du numérique. Bien que l’analyse du degré d’autonomie de ces droits eût été concevable dans l’ordre juridique français exclusivement, une telle recherche n’aurait présenté qu’un intérêt limité dans la mesure où l’objet de la recherche se rapporte au numérique qui a une dimension ubiquitaire. Ensuite, l’article fait état de la méthode et des enjeux de la comparaison. La comparaison voit ses modalités déterminées par les enjeux de la recherche qui consistent à démontrer l’autonomisation progressive des droits et libertés du numérique en France et aux États-Unis. Enfin sont présentés les apports de la comparaison. Cette dernière a notamment contribué à la réflexion sur la systématisation des droits et libertés du numérique en une nouvelle catégorie de droits fondamentaux.
Статья посвящена определению значения актов Международной организации труда для российской правовой системы. В научной статье проанализированы некоторые конвенции МОТ, ратифицированные Российской Федерацией, и приведены конкретные примеры имплементации норммеждународных договоров РФ в национальную систему права. В качестве примеров использованыКонвенции МОТ №122, 132, 175. Вывод статьи: ратифицированные российским государством конвенции МОТ существенно повлияли на внешний облик и содержание основных институтов российского трудового права. Общеобязательность указанных международных документов потребоваланеукоснительного соблюдения положений конвенций МОТ и приведения национального права в соответствие международным принципам регулирования трудовых правоотношений.
Comparative law. International uniform law, Jurisprudence. Philosophy and theory of law
Using formal renormalization theory, Yakhot derived in ([32], 1988) an $O\left(\frac{A}{\sqrt{\log A}}\right)$ growth law of the turbulent flame speed with respect to large flow intensity $A$ based on the inviscid G-equation. Although this growth law is widely cited in combustion literature, there has been no rigorous mathematical discussion to date about its validity. As a first step towards unveiling the mystery, we prove that there is no intermediate growth law between $O\left(\frac{A}{\log A}\right)$ and $O(A)$ for two dimensional incompressible Lipschitz continuous periodic flows with bounded swirl sizes. In particular, we do not assume the non-degeneracy of critical points. Additionally, other examples of flows with lower regularity, Lagrangian chaos, and related phenomena are also discussed.
This paper addresses a critical gap in legal analytics by developing and applying a novel taxonomy for topic classification of summary judgment cases in the United Kingdom. Using a curated dataset of summary judgment cases, we use the Large Language Model Claude 3 Opus to explore functional topics and trends. We find that Claude 3 Opus correctly classified the topic with an accuracy of 87.13% and an F1 score of 0.87. The analysis reveals distinct patterns in the application of summary judgments across various legal domains. As case law in the United Kingdom is not originally labelled with keywords or a topic filtering option, the findings not only refine our understanding of the thematic underpinnings of summary judgments but also illustrate the potential of combining traditional and AI-driven approaches in legal classification. Therefore, this paper provides a new and general taxonomy for UK law. The implications of this work serve as a foundation for further research and policy discussions in the field of judicial administration and computational legal research methodologies.
Recensión de: de Prada García, Aurelio. El proceso de Sócrates: del ‘nosotros’ al ‘yo’. Contra el prejuicio individualista no percibido. Madrid: Ápeiron, Faber & Sapiens, 2022.
I apply Dawid's Meta-Empirical Assessment (MEA) methodology to the theory of cosmological inflation. I argue that applying this methodology does not currently offer a compelling case for ascribing non-empirical confirmation to cosmological inflation. In particular, I argue that despite displaying strong instances of Unexpected Explanatory Coherence (UEA), it is premature to evaluate the theory on the basis of the No Alternatives Argument (NAA). More significantly though, I argue that the theory of cosmological inflation fails to sustain a convincing Meta-Inductive Argument (MIA) because the empirical evidence and theoretical successes that it seeks to draw meta-empirical support from do not warrant a meta-inductive inference to inflation. I conclude by assessing how future developments could pave the way towards crafting a more compelling case for the non-empirical confirmation of cosmological inflation.
Asumiendo la visión propia del paradigma constitucionalista, este trabajo pretende ofrecer argumentos, analizando tanto el marco normativo internacional como interno, para justificar que los dictámenes de los órganos de Tratados de Naciones Unidas tienen un valor más que meramente recomendatorio y que el Estado español está obligado a tomarlos en consideración y permitir sus efectos en el Derecho interno. Asimismo, incluye propuestas orientadas a posibilitar la implementación de los dictámenes en el sistema jurídico español.
There are often cases where irresponsible individuals create social media accounts using other people's personal identities as if the account is the original account of the person whose identity is being used, hereinafter referred to as fake social media accounts. Such actions can be threatened with Article 35 jo. Article 51 paragraph (1) of Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions (ITE Law). The type of research used by the author in this study is prescriptive normative law research with a statute approach and a case approach. In Verdict Number 1739/Pid.Sus/2020/PN Jkt.Brt, the defendant was declared guilty of committing a crime under Article 28 paragraph (1) jo. Article 45A paragraph (1) ITE Law. Not only fulfilling the elements in Article 28 paragraph (1) of the ITE Law, but the defendant also fulfilled the elements in Article 35 of the ITE Law. However, the defendant was not found guilty of a criminal offense under Article 35 of the ITE Law, even though Article 35 of the ITE Law was one of the prosecutor's indictments. Based on this research, the defendant was not found guilty of a criminal offense under Article 35 of the ITE Law because the form of the indictment in Verdict Number 1739/Pid.Sus/2020/PN Jkt.Brt is less precise. The form of indictment used by the public prosecutor is an Alternative Indictment where ideally the public prosecutor ought to use Cumulative Indictment on a concursus realis crime that the defendant committed.
Private international law. Conflict of laws, Jurisprudence. Philosophy and theory of law
En el presente trabajo, se analiza si el comiso penal establecido en el Código Orgánico Integral Penal vulnera el derecho a la propiedad de terceros no procesados. Esto, porque, la disposición aplicable ha sido interpretada y aplicada divergentemente por los jueces de la Corte Nacional de Justicia. Este trabajo se adhiere a la corriente que establece que el comiso procede sobre los bienes utilizados para el cometimiento del delito pertenecientes solamente a los partícipes, es decir, a los autores o cómplices del delito con sentencia ejecutoriada. Esta corriente, es una interpretación acorde a la Constitución y la jurisprudencia nacional e internacional. Por ello, este trabajo propone una reforma a la pena del comiso bajo el principio de legalidad para restringir su aplicación únicamente a los bienes de los partícipes del delito y no a los de terceros no procesados, imponiendo de esta manera un límite al poder punitivo del Estado.
Law, Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence
Game dynamics theory, as a field of science, the consistency of theory and experiment is essential. In the past 10 years, important progress has been made in the merging of the theory and experiment in this field, in which dynamics cycle is the presentation. However, the merging works have not got rid of the constraints of Euclidean two-dimensional cycle so far. This paper uses a classic four-strategy game to study the dynamic structure (non-Euclidean superplane cycle). The consistency is in significant between the three ways: (1) the analytical results from evolutionary dynamics equations, (2) agent-based simulation results from learning models and (3) laboratory results from human subjects game experiments. The consistency suggests that, game dynamic structure could be quantitatively predictable, observable and controllable in general.
El presente trabajo se propone analizar los vínculos derecho y literatura en la historia argentina desde principios del siglo XIX hasta la actualidad. Desde los marcos teóricos que indagan la relación derecho-literatura, se estudiará las posibles articulación y funcionamiento de las producciones literarias en torno al espacio jurídico. Diferentes serán sus narraciones sobre el despliegue normativo, el uso de la fuerza, la protección de los cuerpos, la exclusión de la otredad y la construcción de la subjetividad. La tensión entre estética y normatividad abre nuevos canales de tematización y estudios interdisciplinarios desde la filosofía del derecho.
En los últimos años, con el incremento de rescates y llegadas a costas europeas por vías marítimas de personas migrantes se ha producido un cambio en el modelo de contención. En el caso concreto del Estado español, si anteriormente eran los Centros de Internamiento para Extranjeros (CIE) o los Centros de Estancia Temporal para Inmigrantes (CETI) los dispositivos para la gestión de las llegadas y derivación hacia otros procedimientos de extranjería, en la actualidad, siguiendo la lógica humanitaria-gerencial del control de fronteras, se han creado de facto los denominados Centros de Atención Temporal de Extranjeros o CATE. Se trata de edificios o recintos vallados en zonas portuarias donde se mantiene detenidas a las personas durante un máximo de 72 horas para proceder a su reseña policial y atención humanitaria. En este artículo se argu mentará que la ausencia de una regulación legal de estos centros, además de añadir inseguridad jurídica a las actuaciones del personal de la Administración pública, dificulta el reconocimiento derechos fundamentales de las personas en ellos recluidas y omite mecanismos de control imprescindibles propios de una sociedad democrática.
We present new radio and optical data, including very long baseline interferometry, as well as archival data analysis, for the luminous decades-long radio transient FIRST J141918.9+394036. The radio data reveal a synchrotron self-absorption peak around 0.3 GHz and a radius of around 1.3 mas (0.5 pc) 26 years post-discovery, indicating a blastwave energy $\sim5 \times 10^{50}$ erg. The optical spectrum shows a broad [OIII]$λ$4959,5007 emission-line that may indicate collisional-excitation in the host galaxy, but its association with the transient cannot be ruled out. The properties of the host galaxy are suggestive of a massive stellar progenitor that formed at low metallicity. Based on the radio light curve, blastwave velocity, energetics, nature of the host galaxy and transient rates we find that the properties of FIRST J1419+39 are most consistent with long gamma-ray burst (LGRB) afterglows. Other classes of (optically-discovered) stellar explosions as well as neutron star mergers are disfavored, and invoking any exotic scenario may not be necessary. It is therefore likely that FIRST J1419+39 is an off-axis LGRB afterglow (as suggested by Law et al. and Marcote et al.), and under this premise the inverse beaming fraction is found to be $f_b^{-1}\simeq280^{+700}_{-200}$, corresponding to an average jet half-opening angle $<θ_j>\simeq5^{+4}_{-2}$ degrees (68% confidence), consistent with previous estimates. From the volumetric rate we predict that surveys with the VLA, ASKAP and MeerKAT will find a handful of FIRST J1419+39-like events over the coming years.
Resumen: Homenaje a Mario Ruiz en el que se expone su concepción del pluralismo jurídico
Abstract: Homage to Mario Ruiz in which his conception of legal pluralism is shared