Hasil untuk "Islam. Bahai Faith. Theosophy, etc."

Rahmat Rahmat, Muhammad Hammam Fadlurahamn, Andi muhammad Afdhal

Situationally and conditionally plural reality in Indonesia is not a new thing, but has long grown and developed and cultured in the archipelago. Something like this should have been exceeded by all of us. However, today, extremist movements are still entrenched which if left unchecked, will have fatal consequences for the nation's sovereignty. This research will discuss the concept of Gus Muwafiq's interpretation with the idea of his understanding in caring for the archipelago, through the approach of historicity and culturality of the archipelago typical of Indonesia. This research is a research with primary sources of Youtube videos and supported by related books and articles. The data in this study was collected by qualitative methods and using a phenomenological approach where the object of the phenomenon was Gus Muwafiq as an interpreter, in the context of answering the challenges of plurality in Indonesia. The results of this study show that Indonesia holds a big concept that comes from Islam itself, namely the concept of raiyyah (people) which is intended to be mutually responsible in building and caring for the nation. This idea is in line with the idea of inclusive theology and views that plurality is a reality that must be accepted absolutely.

عادل الوادي, عبد السلام الصوايني

اعتنى هذا البحث بمصطلحي البيع والاشتراء؛ بغية تتبعهما في النسق القرآني توسلًّا بمنهج الدراسة المصطلحية، وذلك باعتماد الاستقراء التام لمادة المصطلحين، مع اعتماد خطوات الدراسة المعجمية والدراسة النصية بما تسمح به حدود هذا البحث، وذلك في محاولة لفهم معاني البيع والاشتراء وأهميتها في حياة الإنسان وعلاقاته؛ دلالة له على سلوك سبيل التجارة الرابحة الفالحة، الذي بها يحصل العبد الرضا، فلا تعِس ولا انتكس.  من نتائج هذه الدراسة: تأسست دلالة البيع في القرآن الكريم على أصلها اللغوي وهو: إخراج الشيء من الحوزة وانتقاله بعوض إلى الغير على وجه المبادلة، وما يدور حول هذا الأصل من معاني كثرة العطاء، والانتقال والتبادل والمداولة، والنفع والحياة والخير والبركة، والسمو والرفعة. أما الأصل اللغوي للاشتراء في القرآن الكريم، فانبنى على معنى تحصيل الشيء وأخذه من الغير، وانتقاله بعوض إلى الحوزة على وجه المبادلة. وقد تميز مصطلحا البيع والاشتراء بحجم مادتهما المعتبر، الوارد بالتكافؤ في ثماني سور، مع عظم شأن المفهومين، وارتباطهما بحياة الإنسان ومآله في العاجل والآجل؛ فتأكد أهميتهما في نسق المصطلحات التي تنتمي إلى أسرتهما المفهومية: كالميزان والتجارة والقبول والقناعة، والربح والكيل والخسارة. وقد ارتقت دلالة مصطلحي البيع والاشتراء في القرآن الكريم بمعناها المرتبط بالمبادلة مع الناس؛ تحقيقًا للربح الدنيوي، إلى المعنى المتعلق بالمتاجرة مع الخالق المنعم الشكور؛ سعيًا إلى تجارة منجية فائزة لا تبور.

Naseem Alsadi

This paper provides a brief overview of the ongoing financial revolution, which extends beyond the emergence of cryptocurrencies as a digital medium of exchange. At its core, this revolution is driven by a paradigm shift rooted in the technological advancements of blockchain and the foundational principles of Islamic economics. Together, these elements offer a transformative framework that challenges traditional financial systems, emphasizing transparency, equity, and decentralized governance. The paper highlights the implications of this shift and its potential to reshape the global economic landscape.

Joan Boyar, Faith Ellen, Kim S. Larsen

We initiate the study of deterministic distributed graph algorithms with predictions in synchronous message passing systems. The process at each node in the graph is given a prediction, which is some extra information about the problem instance that may be incorrect. The processes may use the predictions to help them solve the problem. The overall goal is to develop algorithms that both work faster when predictions are good and do not work much worse than algorithms without predictions when predictions are bad. Concepts from the more general area of algorithms with predictions, such as error measures, consistency, robustness, and smoothness, are adapted to distributed graph algorithms with predictions. We consider algorithms with predictions for distributed graph problems, where each node is given a prediction for its output. We present a framework for evaluating distributed graph algorithms with predictions and methods for transforming existing algorithms without predictions to effectively use predictions. Our approach is illustrated by developing algorithms with predictions for the Maximal Independent Set problem. We also include a discussion of error measures and demonstrate how fine-tuning an error measure towards a particular problem can yield stronger results about the performance of algorithms for that problem.

Sahid Hossain Mustakim, S M Jishanul Islam, Ummay Maria Muna et al.

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are increasingly used for content moderation, yet their robustness in short-form video contexts remains underexplored. Current safety evaluations often rely on unimodal attacks, failing to address combined attack vulnerabilities. In this paper, we introduce a comprehensive framework for evaluating the tri-modal safety of MLLMs. First, we present the Short-Video Multimodal Adversarial (SVMA) dataset, comprising diverse short-form videos with human-guided synthetic adversarial attacks. Second, we propose ChimeraBreak, a novel tri-modal attack strategy that simultaneously challenges visual, auditory, and semantic reasoning pathways. Extensive experiments on state-of-the-art MLLMs reveal significant vulnerabilities with high Attack Success Rates (ASR). Our findings uncover distinct failure modes, showing model biases toward misclassifying benign or policy-violating content. We assess results using LLM-as-a-judge, demonstrating attack reasoning efficacy. Our dataset and findings provide crucial insights for developing more robust and safe MLLMs.

Md Rahatul Islam Udoy, Shamiul Alam, Md Mazharul Islam et al.

Digital pixel sensor (DPS) has evolved as a pivotal component in modern imaging systems and has the potential to revolutionize various fields such as medical imaging, astronomy, surveillance, IoT devices, etc. Compared to analog pixel sensors, the DPS offers high speed and good image quality. However, the introduced intrinsic complexity within each pixel, primarily attributed to the accommodation of the ADC circuit, engenders a substantial increase in the pixel pitch. Unfortunately, such a pronounced escalation in pixel pitch drastically undermines the feasibility of achieving high-density integration, which is an obstacle that significantly narrows down the field of potential applications. Nonetheless, designing compact conversion circuits along with strategic integration of 3D architectural paradigms can be a potential remedy to the prevailing situation. This review article presents a comprehensive overview of the vast area of DPS technology. The operating principles, advantages, and challenges of different types of DPS circuits have been analyzed. We categorize the schemes into several categories based on ADC operation. A comparative study based on different performance metrics has also been showcased for a well-rounded understanding.

Durrotun Nabilah, Ismail, Elly Matul Imah

This research is aimed to describe the creative and imitative reasoning of students with reflective cognitive styles on math problem solving. The study uses a qualitative approach with a data collection instrument used of Matching Familiar Figure Tests, math ability test, mathematical problem-solving tasks, and interview guidelines. The research result studies indicate that a student with reflective cognitive style that have imitative reasoning in problem solving is less able to provide comprehensive information, still using a problem-solving strategy previously known, nor does he make a return check on the results received. It is different with reflective subjects that have proven creative reasoning capable of delivering well-known information, that can provide novel and thought-provoking solutions. Moreover, he also looking back the resulting solutions to the problem.

Wahyuni Nuryatul Choiroh, Munawir Munawir

Sunni scholars view Hadith as a normative source capable of embodying the essence of the Qur'an, considering Hadith's position as the second source of Islamic religious teachings after the Qur'an. The controversy between textual and contextual schools of thought regarding the study of Hadith has existed since the early development of Islam. Even to this day, textualist scholars continue to advocate for their principles. This study aims to uncover Yusuf al-Qaradhawi's thoughts on the methodology of understanding Hadith in his book "Kaifa Nata’amal ma’a al-Sunnah al-Nabawiyah" (How to Interact with the Prophetic Sunnah), enabling scholars of Hadith to understand Hadith properly. In this context, the author raises the issue of women's participation in politics as an implication of the offered methodology. This research adopts a qualitative approach with a library research method. The results of this study indicate that al-Qaradhawi proposes eight basic principles for understanding the Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). These principles include understanding Hadith in harmony with the Qur'an, combining several Hadiths on one topic, reconciling conflicting Hadiths, understanding Hadiths in their background, situation, and orientation, distinguishing between the inconsistency of the means and the consistency of the objectives of the Hadith, comparing literal and metaphorical expressions in understanding Hadiths, comparing the unseen with the visible, and validating the terminology of Hadith. The methodological framework proposed by al-Qaradhawi is expected to keep the study of Hadith relevant to the changing times. Regarding the implications and significance of his methodology regarding women's participation in politics through Hadith, it can be concluded that, according to al-Qaradhawi, women have the same rights to participate and engage in politics as men.

Melisa Paulina

During the online learning period there are obstacles and obstacles faced by students, even so learning must still be carried out, so students are expected to be able to convince themselves to be able to achieve online learning goals. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of social support on selfefficacy in Islamic students. This study used a quantitative approach with a sample of 410 students, with 124 male students and 286 female students. The general self-efficacy scale-12 (GSES-12) developed by Bosscher & Smit (1998) is used by researchers to measure self-efficacy, and the multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) created by Zimet et al. (1988) researchers used to measure social support. Test the validity of the construct measurement on each variable was carried out after data collection and before data analysis. In testing the validity of measuring instruments, researchers used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (Muthen & Muthen, 2017). Hypothesis testing was carried out using the software SPSS Version 24. The results showed a significance value of .000 (p < .05) thus, there was a significant influence between social support on the self-efficacy of Islamic students in online learning. The results of the regression analysis test obtained an R Square of .152 or 15.2% on the effect of social support on self-efficacy in Islamic students in online learning.

Mohammed Yusri Abu Hadoor

يستعرض هذا المقال كتاب الإسلام والعلمانية، للمؤلف أوليفيه روا، الذي ترجمه صالح الأشمر، وصدر عن دار الساقي، في الطبعة الأولى للعام 2016م. ويتكون من 174 صفحة. وأوليفيه روا كاتب ومفكر وأستاذ جامعي فرنسي، ولد في عام 1949م، وهو مهتم ومتخصص في شؤون الحركات السياسية الإسلامية والأصولية الراديكالية منها على وجه الخصوص، ويتناول روا في كتابه الإسلام والعلمانية مسألة العلاقة الملتبسة والشائكة ما بين تصاعد الإسلام والعلمانية في الغرب عموما، وفي فرنسا على وجه الخصوص.

Ohidul Islam, M. Hussayeen Khan Anik, Sakib Mahmud et al.

We propose a novel approach to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by incorporating grated Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) and plasmonic gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) into the absorber layer. The CdS grating acts as the electron transport layer and penetrates into the perovskite absorber layer, increasing the absorption of the active layer and reducing the electron-hole recombination rate. The plasmonic Au NPs enhance the absorption in the infrared region by scattering and trapping the incident light. We perform a coupled optical and electrical study that shows a significant improvement in the short circuit current density (JSC) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSC after introducing the CdS grating and plasmonic Au NPs. Specifically, we observe a 48% increase in average optical absorption from 800 nm to 1400 nm and a 7.42 mA/cm^2 increase in JSC. We also find that the PCE of the PSC is increased by 7.91% when comparing the planar reference structure (without the CdS grating and the plasmonic Au NP). However, metal nanoparticles introduce ohmic losses and temperature rise in the solar cell. We analyze the non-radiative heat profile, electric field distribution, and temperature distribution across the PSC. We observe a temperature increase of approximately 14 K above the ambient temperature for the grated CdS layer with incorporated Au NPs, which is comparable to the temperature increase observed in the planar reference structure. Our results have the potential to pave the way for the development of highly efficient and stable PSCs in the future.

Khawar Islam

Video-based person re-identification (video re-ID) has lately fascinated growing attention due to its broad practical applications in various areas, such as surveillance, smart city, and public safety. Nevertheless, video re-ID is quite difficult and is an ongoing stage due to numerous uncertain challenges such as viewpoint, occlusion, pose variation, and uncertain video sequence, etc. In the last couple of years, deep learning on video re-ID has continuously achieved surprising results on public datasets, with various approaches being developed to handle diverse problems in video re-ID. Compared to image-based re-ID, video re-ID is much more challenging and complex. To encourage future research and challenges, this first comprehensive paper introduces a review of up-to-date advancements in deep learning approaches for video re-ID. It broadly covers three important aspects, including brief video re-ID methods with their limitations, major milestones with technical challenges, and architectural design. It offers comparative performance analysis on various available datasets, guidance to improve video re-ID with valuable thoughts, and exciting research directions.

Jannatul Ferdous, Rafiqul Islam, Maumita Bhattacharya et al.

Data protection is the process of securing sensitive information from being corrupted, compromised, or lost. A hyperconnected network, on the other hand, is a computer networking trend in which communication occurs over a network. However, what about malware. Malware is malicious software meant to penetrate private data, threaten a computer system, or gain unauthorised network access without the users consent. Due to the increasing applications of computers and dependency on electronically saved private data, malware attacks on sensitive information have become a dangerous issue for individuals and organizations across the world. Hence, malware defense is critical for keeping our computer systems and data protected. Many recent survey articles have focused on either malware detection systems or single attacking strategies variously. To the best of our knowledge, no survey paper demonstrates malware attack patterns and defense strategies combinedly. Through this survey, this paper aims to address this issue by merging diverse malicious attack patterns and machine learning (ML) based detection models for modern and sophisticated malware. In doing so, we focus on the taxonomy of malware attack patterns based on four fundamental dimensions the primary goal of the attack, method of attack, targeted exposure and execution process, and types of malware that perform each attack. Detailed information on malware analysis approaches is also investigated. In addition, existing malware detection techniques employing feature extraction and ML algorithms are discussed extensively. Finally, it discusses research difficulties and unsolved problems, including future research directions.

Rinaldi Putra, Riki Saputra, Mahyudin Ritonga

The problem with this study is that there has been no formulation of religious character in scouting.  Meanwhile, students' character at the Tsanawiyah Madrasah level is unstable, so many of their behaviors are difficult for teachers to direct.  However, such a reality should not be worried because much effort can be made to do coaching through intracurriculars or extracurriculars.  This study aims to reveal the implications of scouting on the religious character and learning outcomes of Islamic religious education students at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri 5 Padang. Research is carried out with a qualitative approach of narrative type, this approach was chosen because of the desire of the researcher to express his own experiences related to the content of the study.  Therefore, data is collected through discussions, interviews, and documentation studies.  Data analysis is carried out by interpreting narratives whose validity is then determined by triangulation techniques.  Based on the results of the study, it is known that scouting education carried out in MTs Negeri 5 Padang City can shape the religious character of students, this is based on material connectivity in scouting education activities that are strongly available with the religious character that students are expected to have. Scouting education also has implications for the learning outcomes of the PAI field of students in MTs Negeri 5 Padang City, this can be traced from the learning outcomes of students who are members of scouting education

Syed Aun R. Rizvi, Mohsin Ali

This study examines whether Islamic gold-backed cryptocurrencies (Onegram and X8X) provide any diversification benefits to the Islamic investors of Indonesia. We study the co-movements between return and volatility of cryptocurrencies and Indonesian Islamic equity indices during the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods. We employ Multivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic-Dynamic Conditional Correlation (M-GARCH-DCC) and Continuous Wavelet Transforms (CWT) for this study. We find that the COVID-19 crisis enhanced the spillover effect among the Islamic gold-backed cryptocurrencies and Islamic equities. We also provide evidence that Indonesian investors may invest in cryptocurrencies to minimize the equity sector risks during the pandemic. Our results bear significant implications for portfolio diversification strategies for Indonesian investors.

Nico Potyka, Xiang Yin, Francesca Toni

There is broad agreement in the literature that explanation methods should be faithful to the model that they explain, but faithfulness remains a rather vague term. We revisit faithfulness in the context of continuous data and propose two formal definitions of faithfulness for feature attribution methods. Qualitative faithfulness demands that scores reflect the true qualitative effect (positive vs. negative) of the feature on the model and quanitative faithfulness that the magnitude of scores reflect the true quantitative effect. We discuss under which conditions these requirements can be satisfied to which extent (local vs global). As an application of the conceptual idea, we look at differentiable classifiers over continuous data and characterize Gradient-scores as follows: every qualitatively faithful feature attribution method is qualitatively equivalent to Gradient-scores. Furthermore, if an attribution method is quantitatively faithful in the sense that changes of the output of the classifier are proportional to the scores of features, then it is either equivalent to gradient-scoring or it is based on an inferior approximation of the classifier. To illustrate the practical relevance of the theory, we experimentally demonstrate that popular attribution methods can fail to give faithful explanations in the setting where the data is continuous and the classifier differentiable.

Kenta Iida, Hitoshi Kiya

In this paper, we propose a novel content-based image-retrieval scheme that allows us to use a mixture of plain images and compressible encrypted ones called "encryption-then-compression (EtC) images." In the proposed scheme, extended SIMPLE descriptors are extracted from EtC images as well as from plain ones, so the mixed use of plain and encrypted images is available for image retrieval. In an experiment, the proposed scheme was demonstrated to have almost the same retrieval performance as that for plain images, even with a mixture of plain and encrypted images.

Jun Li, Lin Chen

We propose the notion of faithful coherent states based on the fidelity-based coherence witness. The criterion for detecting faithful coherent states can be restricted to a subclass of fidelity-based criterion under unitary transformations for single and bipartite systems. We can realize these unitary transformations by using quantum gates and circuits, and establish the connection of faithful coherence states and coherence distillation, maximum relative entropy of coherence.

Imam Wicaksono

This study aims to reveal the symptoms, forms, and purposes of love of the characters in the novel Fi Qalbi Untsa ‘Ibriyyah, and how they behave when their love for fellow human beings is hindered by the boundaries of their religion (Judaism, Islam, and Christianity) thus resulting in conflict and opposition within the novel environment. This research is a literature study by analyzing Arabic literary works in the form of novels and used Erich Fromm's psychosocial approach to the concept of love. The novel Fi Qalbi Untsa 'Ibriyyah presents the characters who initially live in a peaceful atmosphere and love each other, then the love turned into conflict after their different religious identities are unveiled. The characters have two choices: either following their feelings of love for humanity regardless religious identity or leaving their love by reason of obeying religious boundaries as a form of love for God. Research becomes important when it is found that love that departs from feelings of personal liking without seeing social ties can actually lead to many conflicts when it comes to meeting religious identity and its boundaries. Penelitian bertujuan mengungkap gejala, bentuk, dan tujuan perasaan cinta tokoh-tokoh dalam novel Fi Qalbi Untsa ‘Ibriyyah, serta bagaimana mereka bersikap ketika perasaan cinta kepada sesama manusia terhalang oleh batasan agama yang mereka anut (Yahudi, Islam, dan Kristen) sehingga mengakibatkan konflik dan pertentangan di antara mereka. Penelitian ini berbentuk studi pustaka dengan melakukan analisis terhadap karya sastra Arab yang berbentuk novel serta menggunakan pendekatan psikososial Erich Fromm tentang konsep cinta, dimana Fromm berpandangan bahwa cinta merupakan solusi dari semua permasalahan manusia. Fi Qalbi Untsa ‘Ibriyyah menampilkan kehidupan para tokoh yang awalnya dalam suasana damai saling mencintai tanpa melihat identitas agama, tetapi kemudian cinta mereka berubah menjadi konflik setelah mengetahui perbedaan agama di antara mereka. Para tokoh memiliki dua pilihan, antara mengikuti perasaan cinta kepada manusia tanpa memandang identitas agama atau melepaskan rasa cinta tersebut dengan alasan menaati batasan agama sebagai wujud cinta kepada Tuhan. Penelitian menjadi penting ketika ditemukan fakta bahwa cinta yang berangkat dari perasaan suka kepada personal tanpa melihat ikatan sosial ternyata bisa melahirkan banyak konflik ketika bertemu dengan identitas agama beserta batasan-batasannya.

Faisal Ladhak, Esin Durmus, He He et al.

Despite recent progress in abstractive summarization, systems still suffer from faithfulness errors. While prior work has proposed models that improve faithfulness, it is unclear whether the improvement comes from an increased level of extractiveness of the model outputs as one naive way to improve faithfulness is to make summarization models more extractive. In this work, we present a framework for evaluating the effective faithfulness of summarization systems, by generating a faithfulnessabstractiveness trade-off curve that serves as a control at different operating points on the abstractiveness spectrum. We then show that the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) baseline as well as a recently proposed method for improving faithfulness, are both worse than the control at the same level of abstractiveness. Finally, we learn a selector to identify the most faithful and abstractive summary for a given document, and show that this system can attain higher faithfulness scores in human evaluations while being more abstractive than the baseline system on two datasets. Moreover, we show that our system is able to achieve a better faithfulness-abstractiveness trade-off than the control at the same level of abstractiveness.