Метою статті є визначення напрямів використання інструментарію штучного інтелекту для аналізу розвідувальної інформації.
Методи дослідження. Під час підготовки статті застосовано методи системного аналізу, порівняльного аналізу, а також аналізу та синтезу. Зазначений методичний підхід дав змогу розкрити сучасний стан застосування штучного інтелекту в розвідувальній діяльності, піддати аналізу існуючі підходи до оброблення розвідувальної інформації з елементами штучного інтелекту та сформувати схему її трансформування із залученням інструментарію штучного інтелекту.
Отримані результати дослідження. Запропоновано трьохетапну методологічну схему, яка описує процес трансформації розвідувальних даних в інформаційне рішення за допомогою інструментарію штучного інтелекту Обґрунтовано необхідність використання інструментарію штучного інтелекту для подолання когнітивних обмежень людини-аналітика та підвищення ефективності обробки великих масивів даних.
Елементи наукової новизни. Наукова новизна зводиться до розроблення концептуальної трьохетапної схеми аналізу розвідувальної інформації з інтеграцією (розпізнавання, доказове міркування, краудсорсинг, колаборативна фільтрація, аргументний аналіз), що дає змогу підвищити точність і оперативність аналізу, зменшити вплив людського фактору.
Теоретична й практична значущість викладеного у статті. Теоретичне значення зводиться до формування методологічних основ для подальших досліджень застосування штучного інтелекту в процесах аналізу розвідувальної інформації. Практичним значенням є визначення конкретних напрямів для розроблення та впровадження ефективних алгоритмів або програмних засобів штучного інтелекту, які можуть істотно покращити процеси збору, обробки та аналізу розвідувальної інформації, сприяючи ефективнішому військовому плануванню та прийняттю рішень в умовах сучасних викликів сектору безпеки та оборони України.
Marine nuclear power plants (MNPPs) represent items of forward-looking high-end engineering equipment combining nuclear power and ocean engineering, with unique advantages and broad application prospects. When a nuclear accident occurs, it causes considerable economic losses and casualties. The traditional accident analysis of nuclear power plants only considers the failure of a single system or component, without considering the coupling between the system and the operator, the environment, and other factors. In this study, the cause mechanism of nuclear accidents in MNPPs is analyzed from the perspective of a social technology system. The causal analysis model is constructed by using the internal core causal analysis (e.g., technical control) and external stimulation causal analysis (e.g., social intervention) of accidents, after which the mechanism of the coupled evolution of each influencing factor is analyzed. A Bayesian network inference model is used to quantify the coupling relationship between the factors that affect the deterioration of nuclear accidents. The results show that the main influencing factors are pump failure, valve failure, insufficient response time, poor psychological state, unfavorable sea conditions, unfavorable offshore operating environments, communication failure, inappropriate organizational procedures, inadequate research and design institutions, inadequate regulatory agencies, and inadequate policies. These 12 factors have a high degree of causality and are the main factors influencing the deterioration of the small break loss of coolant accident (SBLOCA). In addition, the causal chain that is most likely to influence the development of SBLOCA into a severe accident is obtained. This provides a theoretical basis for preventing the occurrence of marine nuclear power accidents.
Industrial safety. Industrial accident prevention, Medicine (General)
Safety occurrence reports can contain valuable information on how incidents occur, revealing knowledge that can assist safety practitioners. This paper presents and discusses a literature review exploring how Natural Language Processing (NLP) has been applied to occurrence reports within safety-critical industries, informing further research on the topic and highlighting common challenges. Some of the uses of NLP include the ability for occurrence reports to be automatically classified against categories, and entities such as causes and consequences to be extracted from the text as well as the semantic searching of occurrence databases. The review revealed that machine learning models form the dominant method when applying NLP, although rule-based algorithms still provide a viable option for some entity extraction tasks. Recent advances in deep learning models such as Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding are now achieving a high accuracy while eliminating the need to substantially pre-process text. The construction of safety-themed datasets would be of benefit for the application of NLP to occurrence reporting, as this would allow the fine-tuning of current language models to safety tasks. An interesting approach is the use of topic modelling, which represents a shift away from the prescriptive classification taxonomies, splitting data into “topics”. Where many papers focus on the computational accuracy of models, they would also benefit from real-world trials to further inform usefulness. It is anticipated that NLP will soon become a mainstream tool used by safety practitioners to efficiently process and gain knowledge from safety-related text.
Industrial safety. Industrial accident prevention, Medicine (General)
Due to the rapid expansion of the leisure industry, there were about 32,000 golf caddies in South Korea in 2020, an increase of 18.5% compared to 2016. Consequently, they face an increasing industrial accident rate, which is presumed to be the result of exposure to various harmful factors. Through a survey and oral interview of 221 caddies across more than 20 golf courses, health protective measures, protective measures for caddies, preparation for golf cart operation, physical burden, compliance with golf cart safety during games, and golf course responses to emotional labor were investigated in this study to identify safety and health problems of caddies and suggest prevention measures. Preliminary interviews were conducted to confirm golf courses’ safety and health status and participants’ characteristics. Golf caddies’ health and safety were confirmed using frequency analysis, independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that caddies’ workplaces were relatively vulnerable to safety and health issues and caddies were exposed to various harmful risk factors. In addition, it was confirmed that golf caddy protective measures, golf cart safety compliance, physical burden, and health protection affect golf courses’ response level to caddies’ emotional labor.
Because construction work must be completed within a set budget and period, excessive construction is often carried out when air is insufficient. According to the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency's annual industrial accident index, the number of industrial accidents in the construction industry accounts for the second highest proportion among all industries, but the death toll is the highest. Among them, the death toll from the crash was the highest. Therefore, for continuous safety management of construction sites, it is necessary to establish countermeasures and present prevention techniques by analyzing the cause in-depth through falling accident cases. This presents present risk assessment and prevention techniques for each contributor through the analysis of cases of fall accidents at construction sites. The frequency and depth were analyzed quantitatively based on the case data of crash accidents, and the risk of the crash accidents by characteristics was evaluated comprehensively. First of all, the frequency index of fall accidents by attribution was found to be ladder (40.20%), scaffolding (25.67%), and work scaffolding (19.18%). The depth of the crash accident by characteristic was in the order of roof (3.721), opening (3.648), and ladder (3.567). Finally, considering the frequency and depth comprehensively, the priority of the risk of falling accidents was derived in the order of ladder (1.428), scaffolding (0.914), and work scaffolding (0.675). Therefore, to reduce falling accidents, measures to prevent accidents should be established in consideration of both frequency and depth, and special management is needed first for tasks directly related to serious accidents, such as death accidents. In addition, the results of this study are expected to be used as basic data for improving the safety management system for falling disasters and preventing disasters.
Eisa Majidi, Hadi Zarei Mahmoud Abadi, Hamed Fattahi Bafghi
et al.
Introduction: In the petrochemical industry, there are various harmful factors that lack of attention and proper management will have adverse consequences for the organization and employees. The aim of this study was to Identifying and assessment the health hazards of the petrochemical industry using the localized JHA method.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study that conducted in one of Iran's petrochemicals, in order to assess the health risk caused by harmful factors was used from localized JHA method. First, after determining the desired job and dividing it into job duties, the number of tasks was specified. Then, in order to calculate the Risk Priority Number (RPN), from multiplication of 3 factors of probability of occurrence, severity and frequency of exposure was used. All calculations were performed by Excell.
Results: The results showed that from 353 calculated risks, 93.48% of the total risks are at the acceptable risk level, 4.82% of the risks are at the low importance level and 1.7% is at risk level with medium importance. Also, at between the studied hazards, ergonomic harmful factors with 22%, had the highest frequency and biological harmful factors with 1% had the lowest frequency of hazards.
Conclusion: Regarding to importance of health hazards, in addition to identifying and evaluating them, it is necessary to determine and implement appropriate management measures to reduce and control of risk levels to prevent from accidents and related occupational diseases and the heavy costs.
Industrial safety. Industrial accident prevention, Public aspects of medicine
Sara Gauthier, Mallorie Leduc, Sara J. Perfetto
et al.
Impaired operator line of sight has been implicated in several pedestrian–equipment accidents and fatalities in the mining industry. Existing training methods for conveying visibility information lack worker engagement and may be insufficient to capture the dynamic, three-dimensional nature of blind spots around industrial equipment. The present study utilized a custom virtual reality experience intended to shift the way in which visibility information is presented. Visibility knowledge, confidence levels and safe pedestrian behaviors around the load-haul-dump vehicle were examined among participants in control and experimental (virtual reality and conventional training) groups (n = 72). Results demonstrate that the virtual reality intervention was not effective for increasing visibility knowledge and safe pedestrian behaviors relative to controls, although the performances of the virtual reality and conventional training groups were comparable. A discrepancy was identified in the perceived versus actual visibility knowledge and safe pedestrian behaviors at the rear of the load-haul-dump vehicle among the virtual reality training group. The findings suggest poor knowledge transfer between the three-dimensional virtual reality experience and the two-dimensional visibility plot used. The work also speaks to the importance of emphasizing rear-facing visibility deficits around machinery within industry safety training materials.
Industrial safety. Industrial accident prevention, Medicine (General)
Introduction: Physical factors found in the workplace can have an impact on occupational health and safety; one example of these physical factors is high noise intensity. One of the workplaces that have high noise intensity is a steel manufacturing company. The purpose of this study is to determine the noise risk based on noise mapping and analyse efforts that have been made in the Continous Tandem Cold Mill area in a steel company in Cilegon. Methods: The method used in this study was descriptive method. The variables used were the results of noise intensity measurements. The data were collected by means of literature study, field observation and noise measurements. The data obtained were then analysed using a descriptive method and were used as a basis in developing noise mapping. Results: Based on noise mapping, the welder area has the highest noise intensity of 91.1 - 94 dBA. Efforts to control noise intensity that have been carried out in the company are administrative control and personal protective equipment. Conclusion:From the results of noise intensity measurements in the Continous Tandem Cold Mill area of a steel company in Cilegon, it can be concluded that the measurement point is 76% - 100% and that the noise measurement points exceed the threshold value stipulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Manpower of the Republic Indonesia Number 5 of 2018. However, the steel company in Cilegon has made several efforts to reduce the noise intensity.
Keywords: noise, noise mapping, steel company
M. S. Egorov, V. N. Pustovoit, G. G. Tsordanidi
et al.
Introduction. The development of modern technology imposes increasingly stringent requirements on materials operating under conditions of high pressures, speeds, deformations and aggressive media. The use of powder metallurgy methods in the creation of new materials makes it possible to provide a rational combination of production technology, structural and performance characteristics. Powder steels used in mechanical engineering are of great interest among the materials obtained by powder metallurgy. The article explores the possibility of manufacturing porous bearings made of iron powder for fan motors of domestic air conditioners instead of porous bearings made of bronze graphite.Problem Statement. To ensure long-term operation of fan motors from metal powders, it is necessary to create porous bearings without alloying additives with the required mechanical properties. This requires a series of experimental work to determine the dependences of mechanical and technological properties on the sintering temperature, compacting pressure and the porosity of samples.Theoretical Part. As a theoretical description, the use of a mold with an additional draining gap, which provides high bearing density at low compacting pressure, is analyzed. The effect of compacting pressure on the strength of sliding bearings under mechanical deformations depending on the sintering temperature is also considered.Conclusions. It was established in the work that during the sintering of sliding bearings at a temperature of 800-1100°C, a significant charge carburization occurs due to the decomposition of zinc stearate in closed pores. As a result, a ferritepearlite structure is formed, due to which the bearings are well calibrated and have high wear resistance when paired with a steel shaft. Optimum sintering modes and compacting pressures were selected, which showed high reliability and durability of the products obtained from pure iron powder.
Introduction. The paper analyzes the requirements for the implementation of occupational risk assessment at the enterprise. Until recently, this procedure did not actually have the necessary legislative basis, so the authors offer a detailed review of the key changes in the normative-legal regulation of occupational safety, which specifically touched upon the management of occupational risks.Problem Statement. The purpose of this study is a detailed consideration of innovations in the field of the occupational safety, which came into force on March 1, 2022.Theoretical Part. The Labor Code of the Russian Federation was used as the basic information for the study.Conclusions. The results of the analysis indicate the need to create effective tools for the regulatory procedure of occupational risk assessment.
Abstract Developing positive process safety culture is necessary for accident prevention in organizations with complex technological systems. Both governments and industries have issued regulations and documents to require and help companies establish safety culture in Chinese process industries. However, this has not developed as expected, and barriers make process safety culture remain in the realm of paperwork rather than actual practice. Safety management practices are considered solutions to address these barriers. This paper identifies the key safety management practices from previous research and then establishes a model to explore the mediating role of safety management practices in the development of process safety culture. A total of 405 participants from the oil industry in Shandong province participated in the survey. The data were processed by SPSS 24.0, and the model was estimated by structural equation model (SEM). Four safety management practices were identified in academic research and industrial practice, including organizing responsibilities/procedures, communication and coordination, safety training, and inspection and monitoring. All four safety management practices have positive mediating effects on safety culture, with inspection and monitoring presenting the highest mediating effect. Implications for theory and practice are discussed. A new view is provided for the oil industry and other process industries in China to suggest that safety management practices can be treated more earnestly.
Safety citizenship behaviors (SCBs) are important participative organizational behaviors that emerge in work-groups. SCBs create a work environment that supports individual and team safety, encourages a proactive management of workplace safety, and ultimately, prevents accidents. In spite of the importance of SCBs, little consensus exists on research issues like the dimensionality of safety citizenship, and if any superordinate factor level of safety citizenship should be conceptualized, and thus measured. The present study addressed this issue by examining the dimensionality of SCBs, as they relate to behaviors of helping, stewardship, civic virtue, whistleblowing, voice, and initiating change in current practices. Data on SCBs were collected from four industrial plants (N = 1065) in four European countries (Italy, Russia, Switzerland, United Kingdom). The results show that SCBs structure around two superordinate second-order factors that reflect affiliation and challenge. Multi-group analyses supported the structure and metric invariance of the two-factor model across the four national subsamples.
Introduction: The processing of marble stone produces air pollution in the form of dust. Dust emission is generated from cutting, scraping, and polishing processes. The type of dust emission is Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5). The dust level and exposure period can cause lung problems and respiratory complaints. The study aims to determine the factors related to the pulmonary function’s status of workers at UD X, Campurdarat Sub-district, Tulungagung District. Metods: This research used cross-sectional research design and quantitative approach. The sample of this study was 32 people consisting of 26 workers exposed to dust and 7 workers unexposed to dust. The independent variables include were gender, age, working period, education level, smoking habit, and use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Results: In general, the pulmonary function of workers at UD X was quite good. Conlusion: The smoking habit and the use of PPE had a relationship with the pulmonary function of workers at UD X, Campurdarat Sub-district, Tulungagung District.
Keywords: internal factor of worker, pulmonary function, workers
The reasons of overuse of production capacities at storage and processing of vegetable raw materials are determined. The growth rates of gross output of grain and leguminous crops are considered. Elevators, objects of flour, cereals and feed production are considered as important structural elements of micro and macroeconomics. The paper predicts the application of digital technologies in production control and online monitoring of dangerous and harmful production factors. Ways of implementation of this approach on real production processes, which are, controlled both by the operating organization and by the Supervisory authorities are considered. Accidents and fatal injuries at hazardous production facilities of storage and processing of plant raw materials are considered.
Healthcare professionals are inherently vulnerable to moral distress due to their frequent work with persons who are suffering or in crisis, in combination with the strong empathic orientation that underpins the very act of care giving. When accompanied by high workloads, deficiencies in management practices such as low recognition, lack of work autonomy, and/or insufficient opportunity for growth and development, persons in caring professions are at an even higher risk of moral distress. There is evidence that professional resilience is effective in mitigating workplace stress. Successful individual-management of moral distress requires attention to the broader institutional conditions under which these difficulties arise. This paper presents findings from 79 occupational therapists in Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada, who participated in a survey of moral distress and resilience. On a standardized measure of resiliency their scores fell at the lower end of normal. On a standardized measure of moral distress, the highest levels involved issues of: time to do the job properly, deteriorated quality of care, insensitive co-workers, and unrealistic expectations from others. Nearly 50% reported that they had considered leaving a position due to moral distress. The survey was carried out with the goal of developing a teaching module that included education about moral distress and recommendations for the enhancement of both individual resilience and the construction of resiliency-promoting work environments.
Industrial safety. Industrial accident prevention, Medicine (General)
У статті запропонована часткова методика оцінювання рівня методичної підготовки керівників занять під час проведення бойового злагодження, як складова комплексної методики оцінювання ефективності бойового злагодження артилерійської бригади, яка дозволяє врахувати вплив керівників занять на якість проведення заходів бойового злагодження. Використання запропонованої методики дозволяє суб’єктам підготовки провести кількісну оцінку рівня методичної підготовки керівників занять, а також виявити “слабкі” місця в організації та проведенні ними заходів бойового злагодження. У зазначеній методиці використовуються показники, які характеризують рівень навченості керівників занять, їх досвід в організації і проведенні ними занять та наявність у них курсів підвищення кваліфікації.