Hasil untuk "History of the Greco-Roman World"

Diether Schürr

Ich versuche, einen Eindruck von der dunklen Seite des Archäologen James Mellaart zu vermitteln, indem ich seine Erfindungen von 1954 bis 1999 und eine Wiederaufnahme nach seinem Tod verfolge. Sie scheinen von dem Wunsch motiviert zu sein, seine Theorien zu untermauern, entfernten sich aber weit vom Bereich der Wahrhaftigkeit und führten zum Verlust jeglicher Vertrauenswürdigkeit. Er mag ein Opfer seiner Obsessionen gewesen sein, aber seine zahlreichen Betrügereien und Lügen sind unentschuldbar. Man sollte ihn nicht als guten Archäologen in Erinnerung behalten.

Hüseyin Sami Öztürk, Ferit Baz

This article presents a new agonistic inscription belonging to Dioteimos, son of Artemon, from Termessos. Ferit Baz discovered the inscription on the colonnaded street during the epigraphic survey conducted in Termessos in 2017. It mentions the names of Dioteimos, son of Artemon, who won the wrestling competition in the boys’ category, and the proboulos Hermaios. According to Heberdey’s stemma, the inscription is dated to ca. AD 180, as proboulos Hermaios is listed as belonging to the seventh generation. The most famous place in the city to erect monuments was the colonnaded street (as a locus celeberrimus) where the wrestlers also seem to have had favorable locations for their monuments. The most interesting situation of the pedestal is that the inscribed surface is not oriented towards the street. The inscribed surface faces the other architectural elements on the side. It is most likely that the pedestal of the statue was turned on its side in antiquity for unknown reasons. In this rotated state, the inscription is difficult to see and read. This situation is unusual since most inscriptions in and around the colonnaded street in Termessos are in situ. The pedestal of the statue is probably in its original position. However, this sideways rotation must have significantly diminished the representational value of the honorific monument. On the other hand, the Termessians must have been aware of the importance of the visual presence of their statues and their pedestals. The fact that the pedestal has been rotated in this way suggests that there may have been some changes in the erection and positioning of the pedestals on the colonnaded street at Termessos. This situation should always be taken into consideration.

Alejandro Abritta

This paper presents a new, digital, and interactive list of wounds, deaths, and other acts of aggression in the Iliad. After an introduction, it discusses the state of the art in quantitative approaches to the subject. The following section presents the methodology for compiling the data, briefly establishing the criteria for the distribution of instances in each category. In the discussion, I compare the results with previous similar projects and mention a few examples of the potentiality of the new list – to be published online, not included in the paper –, showing the advantages of the digital format.

Erich S. Gruen

Erich S. Gruen investigates a remarkable phenomenon in religious and literary history: the freedom with which Jewish writers in antiquity retold and recast, sometimes distorted or bypassed, biblical narratives that ostensibly had the status of sacred texts. Gruen asks the question of what prompted such tampering with tales that carried divine authority, and what implications this widespread practice of liberal revising had for attitudes toward the sacrality of the scriptures in general. Gruen focuses upon writings of the Second Temple period, an era of the deep integration of Jewish history and the Greco-Roman world. Gruen brings to the task the training of a classicist and ancient historian rather than that of a biblical textual critic or a rabbinics scholar, not pursuing the commentaries of the later rabbis with their very different approaches, methods, and goals. As such, Gruen’s emphasis rests upon narrative rather than legal matters, the haggadic rather than the halakhic. The former lends itself most readily to the creative instincts of the re-tellers.

V. A. Nikonov

The article analyzes the political, economic and cultural development of Egypt over several millennia. It is claimed that Egypt is an ancient civilization, the «heart» of the Arab world and a recognized regional leader. The author explores the history of various state entities that existed on the territory of modern Egypt in the era of the Ancient World, Antiquity, the Middle Ages and Modern times. The emphasis is consistently placed on the rule of the pharaohs, Egypt’s presence in the Persian and especially the Greco-Roman world, the periods of the Arab conquest, Ottoman and British rule, the functioning of the independent Kingdom of Egypt and the Arab Republic of Egypt that succeeded it in 1953. The article contains a detailed overview of key events in the country’s internal life over the past 70 years, as well as Cairo’s activities in the international arena, including participation in the Arab-Israeli wars, relations with global and regional actors in the second half of the XX – early XXI centuries, the current position of the state as one of the leaders of the African continent. It is indicated that Egypt ranks first in Africa in terms of GDP, third in terms of population, has serious scientific and technical potential and advanced financial system by regional standards, actively attracts foreign investment and new technologies. In the field of foreign policy, Egypt, while maintaining relations with Western powers, is intensely cooperating with new centers of power, including Russia. The author concludes that today the Arab Republic of Egypt is a powerful regional actor that is diversifying its foreign policy and economic ties, as reflected by the country’s entry into the BRICS.

Hezekiah Deji Komolafe

Human sexuality has been a fundamental and complex issue throughout history. Scholars have debated the meaning of the term “ἀρσενοκοῖται” (arsenokoitai), used by Paul in 1 Corinthians 6:9, to support their arguments for or against same-sex relationships. In recent times, several countries, primarily in the northern hemisphere, have recognized gay marriage and allowed homosexual practices. The objective of this paper is to examine Paul’s usage of the Greek term arsenokoitai in its original context and to explore its theological implications for the contemporary Church. Historical and exegetical methods were employed to analyze the lexical and contextual meanings of the text. Data was gathered partly through interviews with ministers from selected Christian churches and through desk research of relevant online and library sources. The analysis of these sources suggests that, although same-sex relationships were common in the ancient Greco-Roman world, Paul likely coined the term arsenokoitai from Leviticus 20:13 to condemn not only same-sex relationships but also other immoral behaviours. The paper concludes that by using the term arsenokoitai, Paul acknowledged that while some individuals in Corinth had engaged in same-sex relationships, they could still seek forgiveness and be cleansed by the blood of Jesus if they repent and accept Christ.

S. Makhmudova, A. Muradyan

For many centuries, the history of the oldest state in the Eastern Caucasus was forgotten, there were no studies of Caucasian Albania, no mention of the fact that Albanians had their own written language, that the king of Albania was almost the first in the world to adopt Christianity as an official religion, although Greco-Roman sources (Strabo, Plutarch, Pliny the Elder, Arrian and others) wrote about this country. History knows Albania's wars with Pompey, Trajan and Alexander the Great. However, the history of Caucasian Albania cannot fade into oblivion, as monumental monuments of architecture still stand in modern Azerbaijan, Karabakh, Eretia and Dagestan. Our work will be devoted to the analysis of some written sources and artefacts containing inscriptions in Albanian.

Stamatina Mastorakou

Please note that the editorial foreword does not include an abstract. Jeremy Armstrong War and Society in Early Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021. Claire Bubb. Dissection in Classical Antiquity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022. David H. Camden. The Cosmological Doctors of Classical Greece: First Principles in Early Greek Medicine. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023. Nathan Carlig ed. «Mes voeux les meilleurs et santé continuelle». Réponses aux épidémies dans le monde Gréco-Romain. Liège: Presses Universitaires de Liège, 2023. Jean Christianides and Jeffrrey Oaks. The Arithmetica of Diophantus. A Complete Translation and Commentary. Abingdon/New York: Routledge, 2023. Radcliffe G. Edmonds III. Drawing Down the Moon: Magic in the Ancient Greco-Roman World. Princeton/ Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2019. Ida Fröhlich ed. Science in Qumran Aramaic Texts. Tübingen: Mohr Siebek, 2022. Brian Glenney and José Filipe Silva edd. The Senses and the History of Philosophy. London/New York: Routledge, 2023. Matthias Heiduk, Klaus Herbers, and Hans-Christian Lehner edd. Prognostication in the Medieval World. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter, 2020. Ralph Jackson. Greek and Roman Medicine at the British Museum: The Instruments and Accoutrements of Ancient Medicine. London: British Museum Press, 2023. J. Cale Johnson and Alessandro Stavru. Visualizing the Invisible with the Human Body: Physiognomy and Ekphrasis in the Ancient World. Boston: De Gruyter, 2020. Cécile Michel, and Karine Chemla edd. Mathematics, Administrative and Economic Activities in Ancient Worlds: Why The Sciences of the Ancient World Matter. Cham: Springer, 2020. Iulian Moga. Religious Excitement in Ancient Anatolia: Cult and Devotional Forms for Solar and Lunar Gods. Leuven/Paris/Bristol: Peeters, 2019. Courtney Ann Roby. The Mechanical Tradition of Hero of Alexandria.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023. Nathan Sidoli and R. S. D. Thomas. The Spherics of Theodosios. Scientific Writings from the Ancient and Medieval World. Abingdon/New York: Routledge, 2023. Virginia Trimble and David A. Weintraub edd. The Sky Is for Everyone: Women Astronomers in Their Own Words. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2022. Benno van Dalen. Ptolemaic Tradition and Islamic Innovation: The Astronomical Tables of Kūshyār ibn Labban. Turnhout: Brepols, 2021.   How to cite: Mastorakou, S. "2023 Books Received/Livres Reçus". Aestimatio: Sources and Studies in the History of Science (2023) 4: bm01 1–2. https://doi/10.33137/aestimatio.v4.43007

Carlos de Miguel Mora

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De Luca, Gaia

In many respects, classics may be considered as a language, that was aptly used to legitimate the imperialist exploitation of white people over the so called “Third World countries”. My paper is aimed at understanding whether and to which extent the Greco-Roman Antiquity as such can become a tool for telling a submerged history and for bringing forth its non hegemonic subjects. I will take into consideration a collective experience conducted by a theatre company in the south of Italy during the summer of 2018. Through a workshop involving immigrant people in the city of Palermo, Ali Farah, a Somali-Italian writer, staged an experimental rewriting of Sophocles’ Antigone, which starts from the telling of personal stories of migration through the Mediterranean sea. Grounding my analysis in the comparison between Antigone’s defiance of the power and the crossing of borders, I will underline the revolutionary message that the rewriting of this myth in contemporary Fortress Europe delivers.

A. König, R. Langlands, James Uden et al.

This book explores new ways of analysing interactions between different linguistic, cultural and religious communities across the Roman Empire from the reign of Nerva to the Severans ( 96 – 235 ce ). Bringing together leading scholars in Classics with experts in the history of Judaism, Christianity and the Near East, it looks beyond the Greco-Roman binary that has dominated many studies of the period, and moves beyond traditional approaches to intertextuality in its study of the circulation of knowledge across languages and cultures. Its sixteen chapters explore shared ideas about aspects of Imperial experience – law, patronage, architecture, the army – as well as the movement of ideas about history, exempla , documents and marvels. As the second volume in the Literary Interactions series, it offers a new and expansive vision of cross-cultural interaction in the Roman world, shedding light on connections that have previously gone unnoticed among the subcultures of a vast and evolving Empire.

Damian Pavlyshyn, I. Johnstone, R. Saller

More than a decade ago, the Oxford Roman Economy Project (OXREP)1 and the Cambridge economic history of the Greco-Roman world put the question of the performance of the Roman economy at the center of historical debate, prompting a flood of books and articles attempting to assess the degree of growth in the economy.2 The issue is of sufficient importance that it has figured in the narratives of economists analyzing the impact of institutional frameworks on the potential for growth.3 As the debate has continued, there has been some convergence: most historians would agree that there was some Smithian growth as evidenced by urbanization and trade, while acknowledging that production remained predominantly agricultural and based primarily on somatic energy (i.e., human and animal).4 This is, of course, a very broad framework that does not differentiate the Roman empire from other complex pre-industrial societies. The challenge is to refine the analysis in order to put content into the broad description of “modest though significant growth”5 and to offer a deeper understanding of the dynamics of the economy.

Ramsay MacMullen

This article takes off from a recent attempt by Walter Scheidel to “collect and analyze bibliometric evidence for the impact of published research in the field of Ancient History”; this, criticized by Nathan Pilkington; and Scheidel, answer­ing with revisions. The contributions of the two are here accepted in their metrics and in their focus on “impact”; but criticisms are advanced against their choices of focus and method. The aim here is to suggest the qualities of work that have earned frequent citation across a wider selection of the exemplary — much wider than the two quoted scholars attempt.

Joaquim Pinheiro

Francesco Dall'Olio

The relationship between Thomas Preston’s early Elizabethan tragedy Cambises (printed 1569) and the Book III of Herodotus’ Histories has often been downplayed, owing to the lack of printed editions or translations of Herodotus in England at the time and the much more evident connection between the tragedy and the second book of Richard Taverner’s Garden of Wysedome (1547). However, a closer look at the play’s sources reveals how a connection may exist, and how the version of the story Preston staged may be influenced by the tale of Cambyses as presented by the ancient historian. The insistence on the relationship between the king and his subjects (a central issue in both Preston’s tragedy and its sources) may derive from Herodotus, especially if viewed in contrast with the previous versions of the story in medieval literature, the focus of which was mainly on the ethical exempla they provided. Through a comparison of those texts, and a consideration of the availability of Herodotus’ work at the time, either in print or in manuscript form, this paper will then suggest that the version Preston staged in his tragedy is closer to Herodotus than the previous literary tradition.

Mario Martin-Merino

This work analyses some of the most essential concepts contained in a series of three texts related to Intellectual history, its conception, evolution and current state, in addition tothe suitability of its application concerning the study of the Greco-Roman World.

Simon James

Dura-Europos, a Parthian-ruled Greco-Syrian city, was captured by Rome c.AD165. It then accommodated a Roman garrison until its destruction by Sasanian siege c.AD256. Excavations of the site between the World Wars made sensational discoveries, and with renewed exploration from 1986 to 2011, Dura remains the best-explored city of the Roman East. A critical revelation was a sprawling Roman military base occupying a quarter of the city's interior. This included swathes of civilian housing converted to soldiers' accommodation and several existing sanctuaries, as well as baths, an amphitheatre, headquarters, and more temples added by the garrison. Base and garrison were clearly fundamental factors in the history of Roman Dura, but what impact did they have on the civil population? Original excavators gloomily portrayed Durenes evicted from their homes and holy places, and subjected to extortion and impoverishment by brutal soldiers, while recent commentators have envisaged military-civilian concordia, with shared prosperity and integration. Detailed examination of the evidence presents a new picture. Through the use of GPS, satellite, geophysical and archival evidence, this volume shows that the Roman military base and resident community were even bigger than previously understood, with both military and civil communities appearing much more internally complex than has been allowed until now. The result is a fascinating social dynamic which we can partly reconstruct, giving us a nuanced picture of life in a city near the eastern frontier of the Roman world.

Andrea Pierozzi

The exact chronology of Dionysius I’s campaigns in the ’80s of the IVth century B.C. is still in question. The sources relate Dionysius’ capture of Rhegion (Diodorus, Polybius, Dionysius of Halicarnassus) and the treaty with the Gauls (Justin) to the sack of Rome by the Senones: to make all these accounts converge, we should date the fall of the Urbs in late July 387 B.C. The coincidence of the Gallic invasion and the siege of Rhegion suggests us that there may have been a remote planning of the Syracusan approach with the Celts; according to the deeds of Dionysius I’s in the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian seas and the chronology of Philistus’ mythological narrative, Syracuse’s interest with the Gauls may have been developed in the ’90s. Such a scenario would allow us to suppose that the Syracusan court played a role in the Celtic migratory phaenomenon before the sack of Rome with an anti-Etrurian and anti-Roman aim. By the end of the ’80s, the absence of Philistus from the court

Mahrous Elsanadidy

Egyptian Museum Cairo is considered one of the largest museums all over the world, containing ancient Egyptian antiquities telling the history of ancient Egyptians' lives; more one hundred sixty thousand objects are on display and the thousands else are in the basement and upper floor magazines. Those objects are representing different ancient periods from the lithic periods to Greco-Roman via Pharaonic periods.

Franca Landucci

The concept of translatio imperii which, in the most wellknown and widespread scheme in the ancient world, consists in the succession Assyrians - Medes - Persians - Macedonians, has by now become an interpretative category of world history. In the ancient world, the first traces of the translatio imperii, even if still only Asian, can be found in Herodotus. After then the Macedonian world is added during the Hellenistic period and, starting from the 2nd century BC, the power of Rome, often described by Roman historiography as the final and definitive one. Christian historiography too uses the scheme of the translatio imperii, joining the models of Greek-Roman and Jewish historiography, as we see in the Historiae adversus paganos by Paulus Orosius, written between 417 and 418 AD, in the hope (or better in the illusion) that the continuity of the Roman empire (by then become Christian) was still assured.