Hasil untuk "History of Portugal"

Mariana Água , Nuno Antonio , Marco P. Carrasco et al.

In the age of social networks, user-generated content has become vital for organizations in tourism and hospitality. Traditional sentiment analysis methods often struggle to process large volumes of data and capture implicit sentiments. This study examines the potential of Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) using Large Language Models (LLMs) to enhance sentiment analysis. By employing GPT-4o via ChatGPT, we benchmark three approaches: a fuzzy logic-based method, manual human analysis, and a new ChatGPT-based analysis. We analyze a dataset of 500 all-inclusive hotel reviews, comparing these methods to assess ChatGPT's effectiveness in identifying nuanced language and handling subjectivity. The findings reveal a high similarity between ChatGPT and human analysis, showcasing ChatGPT’s ability to interpret complex sentiments and automate sentiment classification tasks. This study highlights the potential of LLMs in transforming customer feedback analysis, providing deeper insights, and improving responsiveness in the hospitality industry. These results contribute to academia by presenting a framework for using LLMs in ABSA and guiding future applications and development.

Joana Gomes Pereira, Luis Miguel Rosalino, Anneli Ekblom et al.

Protected Areas (PAs) are important wildlife refuges and act as climate change buffers, but they may impact human livelihoods, particularly engendering a high risk of negative human-wildlife interactions (HWI). Understanding synergies and trade-offs among the drivers of overall human vulnerability within PAs is needed to ensure good outcomes for conservation and human well-being. We examined how climate variability, HWI, and socio-demographics affect livelihood vulnerability across three PAs in Mozambique, Southeast Africa. We used structured questionnaires to obtain information on livelihood vulnerability and social-ecological context-specific variables. We applied principal component analysis to understand synergies and trade-offs between the dimensions of vulnerability and linear models to test the effect of social-ecological drivers on vulnerability. We show that households are mostly vulnerable within PAs due to exposure to climate variability and to HWI, and their low capacity to employ livelihood strategies or to have a strong social network. Furthermore, we show that vulnerability to HWI and climate variability increases with distance to strict protection areas within the PAs and distance to rivers, which implies that proximity to strict protection areas and rivers within PAs still promotes better livelihood conditions than elsewhere. On the other hand, we also found that lower access to infrastructure and other livelihood assets enhances vulnerability, which reflects a trade-off within PAs that potentially limits the benefits of socially inclusive conservation. Our results show that the impacts of PAs, HWI, and climate on community vulnerability should not be viewed in isolation, but instead, conservation and livelihood improvement strategies should reflect their interconnectedness. Although livelihood vulnerability appears to be shaped by these general effects of PAs, it is important also to consider the local PA context when addressing or mitigating livelihood vulnerability in and around them.

Anny Barcelos Mazioli

Betsy Barber-O'Malley, Géraldine Lassalle, Patrick Lambert et al.

EuroDiad version 4.0 is a set of data tables that store information about the presences/absences and population functionality of diadromous species (lampreys and fish) populations in selected catchments in Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa from 1750 to present time. This database contains distribution and life-history trait information for twenty-eight European diadromous species and geomorphological data for each of the selected catchments, though not every species has data for every catchment and time period. EuroDiad was originally created in 2005–2006 (EuroDiad 1.0 and 2.0), and contained data for 196 catchments and two time periods (1851–1950 and 1951–2010). It underwent a major update in 2009–2010 (EuroDiad 3.2) through a validation process by European fisheries experts. Version 3.2 included the addition of 63 small-sized catchments (< 10,000 km2) and an additional time period (1751–1850) for select species and catchments. This database underwent a second validation process in 2019–2020 and was updated to v 4.0, with the primary goal of providing information for a new generation of species distribution models, referred to as hybrid models, which incorporate both habitat suitability and population dynamics within their framework. Secondary objectives of this update were to: (a) incorporate new catchments for which information was provided by additional experts, (b) validate existing information about the presences or absences of diadromous species and categorize their population functionality within a catchment, and (c) perform data hygiene to prepare the database for broad dissemination. Information on the life history, morphology, and phenology of four emblematic species (i.e. eel, salmon, lamprey and shad) were added in this occasion. Data for this update were validated by DiadES project partners (www.diades.eu) and local experts. This update was focused on catchments located in the Atlantic Area for use in the DiadES project. Data were divided by country, and validation was performed for catchments in Ireland, the U.K., Spain, Portugal, and France under the supervision of national organisations in fisheries and environmental management. DiadES project partners were asked to validate geomorphological information for the catchment (location of the outlet, surface area of the drainage basin, length of the main watercourse, elevation at the headwaters), as well as the presences/absences information and population functionality categories for all species already present in EuroDiad for their country. If possible, verification was done for each of the three time periods. Partners were also asked to provide data for any other catchments for which they had access to information on fish population status. EuroDiad 4.0 now stores data for 350 catchments (of which 292 have population functionality records) and three time periods, though the precision of information varies and not every species has information for each time period. This validation process strengthened the usefulness of EuroDiad, which is now updated and available for use by the research community.

René Lommez Gomes

Born in Antwerp and living in Portugal, the diamond cutter João Stooter acquired some prominence in the 18th century when he produced an armory manual and an artistic recipe book. His works were intended to improve the quality of the products created by the Kingdom’s mechanical officers and artists, making them rival foreign products. Regarding his second work, an artistic how-to-do book entitled «Arte de Brilhantes Vernises», the author found himself moved to write on a wide range of subjects – such as varnishes, paints, and glues – relating to the artisanal transformation of raw materials that the overseas trade dumped on the Portuguese market, such as wood from Brazil and Africa. At the dawn of Portuguese Illustration, Stooter gathered, tested and corrected recipes for varnishes and other artistic compounds obtained from a wide range of information sources, above all in various genres of printed books. With the result of the experiments conducted in his studio, which aimed at testing, correcting and standardizing the preparations and techniques, he composed the first recipe book of its kind to be printed in Portuguese. The work was edited by the Verdussen house, in Antwerp, between 1729 and 1732. Several copies of it were later enhanced with handwritten notes by the author. In printed and manuscript texts – which were born from his bibliographic gesture, when selecting, compiling and mediating previous records – the author developed a complex system of internal references to the contents of the book and to works taken as a source, which required the technical gesture of the artisan if added to the indicated reading path, so that a preparation could be carried out satisfactorily. Based on the proposition that the field of bibliography encompasses the history of production and uses of books, this study will demonstrate how the references defined this recipe book model, placing itself at the center of the transmission of artisanal knowledge advocated in the work.

Margarida Sobral Neto, Maria Antónia Lopes

Após um aturado trabalho de avaliação por pares e de revisão dos textos propostos para publicação à Revista Portuguesa de História, publicam-se neste tomo 10 artigos e 8 recensões críticas, dos quais apresentamos uma breve síntese de conteúdos e de perspetivas de abordagem.

Yvette Santos

This article aims to examine the practices for policing emigration from Portugal. In particular, the police culture associated with the surveillance and repression of the activities of emigration intermediaries – passage and passport agents – in the first years of the Portuguese dictatorship (1933–1939) will be analysed. In a context of organised departures in a still liberalised market, we will see how the political police, the Polícia de Vigilância e de Defesa do Estado (pvde – State Defence and Surveillance Police), became the main entity responsible for dealing with the activities of these agents and how it carried out its duties, taking into account its relation to the political and ideological purposes of the Portuguese dictatorship.

Vera Mariz

In 1865 John Charles Robinson travelled to Portugal in the service of the South Kensington Museum and plunged into the art market with the intention of acquiring works for that institution’s collections that were representative of Portuguese artistic production. This article provides a broad and contextualized approach to this connoisseur’s experience on the Portuguese market, framing it within a hitherto undervalued phenomenon: the persistent presence of English agents in this system. An original identification of all the works acquired in Portugal by Robinson and of all those so-far neglected dealers involved in such transactions allows us to assess the real extent and impact of such mission. We shall also show that the acquisitions made were decisive not only for diversifying the museum’s collections but also for art historiography, both being inseparable from the invention of the term Indo-Portuguese.

João Paulo S. Cabral

Gabriel Grisley, médico alemão, veio para Portugal no início do século XVII. Em Xabregas (Lisboa), funda um horto botânico, com o apoio régio, e publica obras sobre as plantas medicinais e a flora portuguesa. Neste horto cultivavam-se plantas em abundância, para uso medicinal e estudo, tendo ainda associado um herbário, para que boticários e médicos pudessem estudar as plantas medicinais a todo o momento. Recorrendo a múltiplas fontes históricas, sobre os conventos de São Francisco e da Madre de Deus de Xabregas, a fonte da Samaritana, a antiga bacia hidrográfica do rio de Xabregas, a geografia do antigo sítio de Xabregas e as próprias obras de Grisley, concluiu-se que o Horto Botânico de Xabregas de Gabriel Grisley se localizava provavelmente perto da foz do rio de Xabregas, da fonte da Samaritana e, ainda, dos conventos da Madre de Deus e de São Francisco de Xabregas.

Daphne Cuvelier, Daphne Cuvelier, Sabine Gollner et al.

Mining impacts will affect local populations to different degrees. Impacts range from removal of habitats and possible energy sources to pollution and smaller-scale alterations in local habitats that, depending on the degree of disturbance, can lead to extinction of local communities. While there is a shortage or even lack of studies investigating impacts that resemble those caused by actual mining activity, the information available on the potential long-lasting impacts of seabed mining emphasise the need for effective environmental management plans. These plans should include efforts to mitigate deep-sea mining impact such as avoidance, minimisation and potentially restoration actions, to maintain or encourage reinstatement of a resilient ecosystem. A wide range of mitigation and restoration actions for deep-sea ecosystems at risk were addressed. From an ecological point of view, the designation of set-aside areas (refuges) is of utmost importance as it appears to be the most comprehensive and precautionary approach, both for well-known and lesser studied areas. Other actions range from the deployment of artificial substrates to enhance faunal colonisation and survival to habitat recreation, artificial eutrophication, but also spatial and temporal management of mining operations, as well as optimising mining machine construction to minimise plume size on the sea floor, toxicity of the return plume and sediment compression. No single action will suffice to allow an ecosystem to recover, instead combined mitigation/restoration actions need to be considered, which will depend on the specific characteristics of the different mining habitats and the resources hosted (polymetallic sulphides, polymetallic nodules and cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts). However, there is a lack of practical experience regarding mitigation and restoration actions following mining impacts, which severely hamper their predictability and estimation of their possible effect and success. We propose an extensive list of actions that could be considered as recommendations for best environmental practice. The list is not restricted and, depending on the characteristics of the site, additional actions can be considered. For all actions presented here, further research is necessary to fully encompass their potential and contribution to possible mitigation or restoration of the ecosystem.

Rui Calado

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a origem, conceito e dimensões da Justiça de Transição. Partindo do estudo sobre transições políticas, procura compreender como estes condicionam o regime democrático e, consequentemente, a justiça de transição. Distinguem-se três modelos: imposta, rutura e negociada. A partir do pensamento da autora Ruti Tietel, desenvolve-se a historicidade da justiça de transição, que se delimita em três fases. A primeira, iniciada no pós Segunda Guerra Mundial, consubstanciada com o Tribunal de Nuremberga, caracteriza-se como sendo uma justiça de transição no âmbito do direito internacional; a segunda fase corresponde às “redemocratizações" do sul da Europa e da América Latina; por fim, uma última etapa, começada no final do século XX, em que a justiça transicional se reinventa, no contexto da globalização. Adquire diferentes valências, como exemplo o caso argentino. Assim, o conceito atual de justiça de transição não se limita à sua dimensão jurídica, estende-se a diferentes aspetos: reconhecer e valorizar a memória e “verdade, conceder às vítimas as reparações devidas e, por fim, reforma institucional. Em suma, a busca de uma verdadeira “reconciliação" da sociedade, enquanto um todo, respeitando os mais elementares princípios da democracia e direitos humanos.

Maria Helena da Cruz Coelho

https://doi.org/10.14195/0870-4147_47

P. N. Firmino, T. Calvão, M. Ayres et al.

T. Cabral

J. Curtis, J. Curtis, S. Santos et al.

Elsa Peralta

C. Corradi, H. Stöckl

Pedro Pinto, Paula França

No Arquivo Histórico Municipal de Coimbra existe, há pelo menos dois séculos, um livro de notas de um tabelião de Montemor-o-Velho do século XVI. O Arquivo da Universidade de Coimbra apenas possui livros dessa tipologia a partir de 1712. Este trabalho apresenta um índice de todos os documentos contidos no referido livro, procurando assim suprir uma lacuna no conhecimento da região, debilitado pelo desaparecimento da documentação notarial até ao século XVIII.

Inês Morais Viegas, Paulo Jorge dos Mártires Batista

Silvia Tieffemberg, Damián Dolcera, Montserrat Duch Plana et al.