Hasil untuk "Hazardous substances and their disposal"

Ba Reum Kwon, Gowoon Lee, Inae Lee et al.

To protect against UV light, organic UV filters (UVFs) are widely used in sunscreen and various consumer products. Concerns regarding the potential health impacts of UVFs have been raised, however, information is mostly limited to their endocrine disruptions. The present study aims to investigate nephrotoxic potentials of four major organic UVFs, i.e., avobenzone (AVB), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), octocrylene (OC), and octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC), using a zebrafish model at different life stages. Test UVFs were applied during early (0–30 days post-fertilization (dpf)), and adult life stage (> 6 months old, 21 d exposure), and investigated for alterations in gene expression and/or kidney function. In juvenile fish (30 dpf), early life stage exposure to BP-3 and OMC caused significant induction of proteinuria. Moreover, regardless of life stage, key genes (wt1a, podocin, nephrin, cdh17, sim1a, and kim-1) responsible for kidney structure and function showed transcriptional alterations that support nephrotoxic potentials of the test UVFs. Our results demonstrate that exposure to widely used organic UVFs could impair normal biological processes for maintaining kidney health during both life stages. Considering the widespread use of organic UVFs among the general human population, the implication of this nephrotoxic potential warrants further investigation.

Богомолова, Т.С., Крестьянинова, В.С., Дик, П.П. et al.

Представлены результаты исследования применения бифункционального NiMo\Al2O3-USY катализатора в гидроочистке хлорсодержащего термолизного масла. Показано, что катализатор обладает высокой активностью в реакциях гидрирования и превращения гетероатомных соединений при использовании в качестве добавок к термолизному маслу прямогонного вакуумного газойля и прямогонной дизельной фракции. Используемый катализатор обеспечивает эффективное удаление хлорсодержащих соединений с высокой степенью конверсии, достигающей 95%. Применение NiMo\Al2O3-USY катализатора в процессе гидроочистки смеси термолизного масла и прямогонной дизельной фракции позволяет уменьшить содержание н-алканов и оптимизировать фракционный состав конечного продукта.

Исмайлова, Р.А., Алиев, Э.Н., Герайбейли, С.А.

Сегодня водород, полученный из возобновляемых ресурсов, это не только перспективный энергоноситель, снижающий зависимость от ископаемого топлива, но и важный фактор в борьбе с глобальным потеплением, сокращающий вредные выбросы в атмосферу. Успешность масштабного использования водорода зависит от способа его передачи потребителям. Общепризнанным и приоритетным является трубопроводная транспортировка. Предложенная статья представляет собой аналитический обзор инновационных решений, направленных на обеспечение безопасности транспортировки водорода по трубопроводу. Приведен механизм водородной хрупкости металлов, которая ухудшает их механические свойства, что приводит к утечке водорода в стальных трубопроводах. Рассмотрены созданные технические решения, способные обеспечить безопасную транспортировку водорода, среди которых новые функциональные материалы для производства стальных и полимерных трубопроводов. Показана возможность транспортировки водорода совместно с природным газом с использованием как стальных, так и полимерных трубопроводов. Уделено внимание вопросу контроля утечки и накопления водорода при эксплуатации магистрального трубопровода.

Macy Hannan, Fatih Evrendilek, Daniel Leclair et al.

On August 19, 2024, 5,500 L of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)-based aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) spilled into the watershed near Brunswick Executive Airport in Maine, USA. This study investigates the immediate impact of the largest PFAS spill in the state's history on nearby aquatic ecosystems. Over 11 days, PFAS were sampled from nine surface waters, detecting 18 PFAS, predominantly perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). A significant reduction in PFAS levels occurred within days due to clean-up efforts and natural attenuation (e.g., dilution, adsorption, and aerosolization), in addition to downstream transport. Kruskal-Wallis and Steel-Dwass tests revealed significant spatial variability in PFAS, with PFOS, perfluorohexanesulfonic acid, and perfluoroalkyloctanoic acid remaining elevated near the spill but declined by 99.9 % at the Harpswell Cove estuary 3.2 km south of the spill. The rapid PFAS spread poses risks to the downstream environments. This study provides insights into post-spill PFAS dynamics and highlights the urgency of minimizing PFAS-based AFFF use and spills, and further research into long-term ecosystem and human health risks associated with PFAS contamination. Synopsis: The aftermath of a major AFFF spill was analyzed to provide insights into immediate spatiotemporal distribution of PFAS.

Mohammad Jamalimoghadam, Amir Hossein Vakili, Hossein Bahmyari et al.

This paper emphasizes the critical significance of sustainable Sewage Sludge (SS) management and its pivotal role in environmental protection. It also strives to identify shortcomings in established practices that warrant additional investigation and examination. The excessive generation of SS, replete with microorganisms and potentially hazardous inorganic and organic substances, is a formidable challenge closely linked to wastewater and biological treatment plants. Moreover, this paper furnishes an extensive survey of advancements in landfill cover systems incorporating SS, elucidating the underlying principles governing their effectiveness. SS could be a cost-effective alternative to traditional landfill covers with proper engineering and management, addressing waste disposal challenges and promoting environmental benefits. However, a comprehensive assessment of geotechnical properties and site conditions is essential to ensure the long-term effectiveness and safety of the landfill cover system. The literature reveals that specific parameters, such as hydraulic conductivity, UCS, and toxic substance leaching, are paramount in designing the cover layer. Nevertheless, some factors, including freezing-thawing, wetting-drying, and long-term behavior, have not received adequate research, suggesting potential future research avenues. In addition, potential environmental risks, such as the leaching of hazardous constituents into groundwater and resultant soil contamination, can be mitigated by integrating engineered barriers, continuous monitoring systems, and adaptive management practices to safeguard ecological integrity.

Nannan Wan, Yu Liu, Xinghui Zhang et al.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been found in toilet paper in Europe, the United States, and Africa; however, their presence in Chinese household paper has not been investigated. In this study, 21 legacy and 30 emerging PFASs were analyzed in tissue and toilet paper from China, including 48 samples of different origins and materials. Median concentrations of chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonates (Cl-PFESAs), hexafluoropropylene oxide homologs (HFPOs), and p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzenesulfonate (OBS) were 0.32, 0.19, and 0.10 ng/g dry weight (dw), respectively. The detection frequencies (DFs) of Cl-PFESAs and OBS both were greater than 96%, followed by hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid (HFPO-TrA, DF: 85%). Notably, the level of HFPO-TrA in one sample was as high as 540 ng/g dw, indicating a potential environmental risk to humans. In addition, the concentrations of Cl-PFESAs in toilet paper were significantly higher than that in tissue (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in the concentrations of PFASs in tissue and toilet paper from different materials and origins. This suggests that PFASs, particularly emerging PFASs, are widely detected in tissue and toilet paper products across China, and their presence is a potential source of landfill contamination and human exposure.

Nontobeko Gloria Maphuhla, Opeoluwa Oyehan Oyedeji

Soil contamination by metallic components is an obscure, detrimental, protracted, and irreparable predicament. Dumping of waste containing heavy metals into landfills, fertilizer and pesticide application, and coal combustion results in high toxicity of metallic elements, and their continuous accumulation in soil pollutes the environment, which, in turn, poses a threat to human health. The specimens were subsequently dehydrated, processed for mineralization, and carefully examined microscopically by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), which examined their mineral substance, crystalline configuration, and chemical composition. Thirteen (13) elements were detected, and only eight (8) metals were discovered (K, Mg, Na, Ca, Al, Fe, Au, Ba), including non-metals (C, O, Cl, P) and a metalloid (Si). The concentrations of possibly toxic elements obtained showed no consistent succession, as they fluctuated across the examined sites. The Al concentration ranged from 3.78 ± 0.23 wt% to 10.23 ± 0.31 wt%, while the Fe concentration fluctuated from 4.14 ± 0.40 wt% to 13.13 ± 1.07 wt%. Na and Mg levels were present in all samples, but their availability was minimal, at less than 2.0 wt%, ranging between 1.44 ± 0.20 wt% and 0.31 ± 0.08 wt%. The concentrations of Ca and K were low in all soil samples, ranging from 0.91 ± 0.14 wt% to 5.56 ± 0.47 wt% for Ca and from 1.32 ± 0.25 wt% to 4.87 ± 0.18 wt% for K. During the investigation at the designated and control areas, it was discovered that the concentrations of potentially hazardous metals exceeded the accepted limits established by the World Health Organization (WHO) > 100 ppm. The findings provide proof of metallic contaminants in the study region, which calls for proper monitoring, management, and remedial measures of metal-tainted sites, since the residents of this locality are at a significantly elevated risk of experiencing adverse effects due to their heightened exposure to these elements. As a result of that, there is an imperative need to monitor and regulate this area regularly and appropriately. The study recommends sustainable farming practices, where farmers could use natural fertilizers and compost, as well as, the implementation of proper waste management, effective recycling techniques, and proper disposal of substances containing heavy metals as byproducts. Further implement remediation techniques that effectively and safely restore soils contaminated by metals in an environmentally sustainable and economically efficient manner.

Maryam Kian, Saeideh Dehghani

Background: The issue of the physical health of students has been taken into consideration by educational systems more than ever nowadays. Among these, literacy in physical education is of special importance. In this regard, the study aimed to evaluate the approved plan in elementary schools and to provide suitable solutions. Methods: The research approach was "qualitative" and the method was "phenomenology". The "target group" included all the teachers of girls' primary schools in Maybod, who were selected through purposive sampling. Twelve teachers participated in the research. The research tool was an "in-depth semi-structured interview". Data collection ended after reaching theoretical saturation. The data were analyzed by "coding" and "categorization". The validity of the data was confirmed through the "triangulation” in the form of "data" and "researcher" types. Results: The findings showed 23 main themes and 61 sub-themes. The results were determined in the form of the strengths, weaknesses, consequences, and solutions. The results of the strengths indicated the good design of the plan, attention to the student's basic skills, national implementation, creating interest in sports, the possibility of online implementation, and lifestyle modification. In addition, the weak points were the lack of proper follow-up, poor time and method of implementation, poor knowledge of the teachers, insufficient cooperation of the parents, and the lack of facilities. Also, the consequences included increasing basic skills, promoting learning, improving physical and mental health, and discovering sports talents. Conclusion: In general, this research showed that to make the plan more effective in elementary schools, some actions should be taken, such as the scientific implementation of the plan, sports play therapy in schools, increasing the time, changing the way of evaluation, more organizational attention and reinforcing the follow-up procedures.

Mahmood Mousavi, Zohreh Karimiankakolaki

Background: The aim of this study is to consider the effect of an educational intervention on the error rate of insurance documents in the deductingof hospitalization records of Covid-19 patients' health insurance among hospital staff. Methods: The target population of this semi-experimental study was all personnel involved in the management of patients with Covid-19. Among the hospitals of the Covid-19 site in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces, one hospital was selected as the educational target group (24 individuals) and one hospital was considered as the control group (16 individuals) by lottery. To measure the effectiveness of education, the sample size of all cases of 19 patients with health insurance in two hospitalsduring two periods of October and March 2016 was determined. Data collection was performed by checklists and direct reviews of files, health insurance system and hospital HIS system. Data analysis was fulfilled using SPSS21 software. Results: The number of deductions in the case of "Covid 19 hospitalized patients" of the health insurance decreased significantly in the intervention hospital  from 1833 to 933 (p < .005) and increased in the control hospital from 447 to 2712 (p < .005). In the intervention hospital, the highest decrease in deductions in the hoteling service was from 235 (12.8%) to 2 (0.2%) cases (p < .001) and for medicines from 335 (18.2%) to 56 (6%) cases (p < .001). Conclusion: The results demonstrated thatstaff training on the error in Covid-19 insurance documents during the corona pandemic outbreak has reduced the number of insurance deductions in Covid-19 patients' records.

Mahnaz Elahinezhad, Hossein Ebrahimi Moghadam

Background: This research was conducted with the aim of modeling the structural relationships of attachment styles with readiness for addiction with mediating variables of strategies to cope with stress and cognitive regulation of emotion in recovering addicts. Methods: This analytical-cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 rehabilitated addicts (18 to 55 years old) selected from 4 addiction treatment centers in Amol city in 2022 using stratified random sampling. The tools used in this research were questionnaires of attachment styles, readiness for addiction, strategies to deal with stress, and cognitive regulation of emotion. Data analysis was done based on structural equation modeling in Amos 22 software. Results: Attachment styles affected readiness for addiction with mediating variables of stress coping strategies and cognitive regulation of emotion in recovering addicts (P = 0.006, P = 0.0001). Attachment styles had a direct relationship with stress coping strategies in recovering addicts (P = 0.000). Attachment styles had a direct relationship with the cognitive regulation of emotion in recovering addicts (P = 0.0001). Cognitive regulation of excitement had a direct relationship with readiness for addiction in recovering addicts (P = 0.0001). Stress coping strategies had a direct relationship with readiness for addiction in rehabilitated addicts (P = 0.025). Conclusion: Considering the predictive power of the variables, the results can be used in the interventions and trainings in addiction treatment clinics.

Yousef Heidary, Azam Alavi

Background: Glass ceiling is introduced as an obstacle to the progress of competent individuals, especially women within organizations. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the glass ceiling and job promotion of in Women Employees of Health Centers. Methods: This was a correlation-descriptive study. 142 female employees working in the health centers of Shahrekord were studied through census. Data were collected using two Smith Glass Ceiling Questionnaires (2012) and a job promotion questionnaire in Chow organizations. Data analysis was performed with descriptive and inferential statistics tests (Pearson correlation) using SPSS software Ver.24. Results: Pearson correlation test results showed that there was a negative and significant relationship between the mean score of the glass ceiling and the job promotion of women working in health centers (r = 0.73and p < 0.001). Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, glass ceiling can prevent women's progress in health centers. Therefore, it is suggested that the Ministry of Health and health centers officials emphasize the meritocratic system and ask for support from the women who have shown the necessary capabilities in managerial positions.

Liyan Wang, Jialuo Yu, Xiaoyan Wang et al.

Environment pollution as a worldwide issue calls for high-performance adsorbent materials for effective removal and remediation. Nanocomposites have come to the force to remove pollutants due to their superior adsorption performances from nanosize effect, combination-versatility, and inheritance/transcendence of the parent constituents. Among them, molecular imprinting-based nanocomposites with tailor-made binding sites complementary to target molecules have drawn great research interests in environmental pollutants removal due to the outstanding recognition selectivity. Herein, the general fabrication and typical components of molecular imprinting-based nanocomposite adsorbents are summarized. Furthermore, synthesis strategies taken to improve the adsorption performances of nanocomposites are presented to provide a backdrop for future research.

Monika Motaghi, Mohammad Parsayi Moghaddam

Background: Cultural capital is a special type of high society values ​​and norms. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between cultural capital and the tendency for plastic surgery in women living in self-governing hostels in Tehran in 2023. Methods: The current study was cross-sectional and correlational. The population of the current research included all the women living in self-governing hostels in Tehran in 2023. The sample of the current research was determined based on similar studies on 325 people selected based on stratified sampling and available samples from the hostels of 5 geographical regions of Tehran. The research tool consisted of 2 questionnaires: Bourdieu's cultural questionnaire and Etamadi Far's cosmetic surgery tendency questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS-15 Results: 214 of the respondents had cosmetic surgery and 111 did not. Between cultural capital and the tendency to perform cosmetic surgery in women living in self-governing hostels, r = -0.652 was obtained. The tendency of women living in self-governing hostels towards cosmetic surgery was calculated to be 93.14 ± 11.2, which was relatively high. The average cultural capital was 44.45 ± 6.45 (medium) in the surgical group and 77.15 ± 11.34 (high) in non-surgical group. Conclusion: It is necessary to promote cultural capital in intervention programs to adjust and correct the desire and pathological behavior of women towards cosmetic surgery.

Ali Saljoghi, Zohreh Karimiankakolaki

Background: Today, we are facing the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic and its undesirable effects on healthcare providers. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the organizational atmosphere and the tendency to leave jobs and fear of covid-19 in health team members of health centers in 2021. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 120 personnel working in the health network headquarters and health centers of Koohrang city of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province were selected by census and studied as health team members. After explaining the objectives of the research and completing informed consent by participants, the organizational atmosphere questionnaire, the tendency to leave jobs questionnaire, and the fear of COVID-19 questionnaire are completed. Finally, collected data are analyzed via SPSSv21, descriptive tests, and T-tests. Results: Average score and standard deviation of research variables for organizational atmosphere, leave job tendency, and fear of COVID-19 are obtained as 3.48 ± 0.59 (Above average), 3.81 ± 0.68 (Above average), and 2.14 ± 0.90 (Below average), respectively. The mediating variable of COVID-19 fear was not have a significant effect on the tendency of personnel to leave their jobs based on the organizational atmosphere (P = 0.109). Between the organizational atmosphere and leaving the job there was a direct relationship and meaningful (P = 0.005). Between the organizational atmosphere and fear of COVID-19, there are indirect relationships and meaningful (P =0.008). But, there was no evidence of a significant relationship between the tendency to quit and the employees' fear of COVID-19 (P = 0.140). Conclusion: According to the results, there is a favorable organizational atmosphere, but the desire to leave the job is high among them, although the fear of Covid-19 does not play a mediating role in this desire to leave the job. The results of this study can be used in management planning.

Zohreh Karimiankakolaki

No Abstract

Gökhan Durmuş, Damla Nur Çelik, Rüya Kılıç Demircan et al.

During the pandemic, it becomes customary to wear a disposable surgical (face) mask (SM) to guard against coronavirus illness 19 (COVID-19). However, because existing disposal procedures (i.e., incineration and reclamation) emit hazardous substances, vast generations of contaminated surgical masks pose an environmental risk. Therefore, many studies are currently being carried out worldwide to dispose of SM. The easiest and cheapest of these methods is the disposal of SMs in cement-based composites. This study cut waste SMs to macro size and used them in cement-based composites such as polypropylene fiber. The elevated temperature resistance of cement-based composites decreases as their compressive strength rises. Low-melting materials like polypropylene fiber are utilized to improve the high-temperature resistance of cement-based composites. Therefore, SM with a low melting temperature was used in the design of the mixtures. SM was added to the mix at rates of 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, and 1 by weight of cement. As the SM ratio increased, the workability of the mixtures decreased. Water absorption and apparent porosity increased as SM reduced the workability of composites. The mixes' 28-day compressive strength ranges from 36.6 to 79.4 MPa. It was observed that flexural strength raised in some mixtures when SM was used. In the mixes using 0.5 % SM, about 40 MPa compressive strength was obtained after 800 °C. Additionally, SEM images showed that SM changed into microfibre during mixing. As a result, it has been determined that SM can be used at low rates to increase the elevated temperature resistance of cement-based composites.

Adewale Olugbemiga Adeleye, Emmanuel Akinyemi Adenuga, Olusoji James Idowu et al.

Background: The major concern of every school is the academic performance which is measured by examination results and it is the measurement of student achievement across various academic subjects. This study aims to assess the socio-demographic status as a predictor of academic performance among human kinetic and health education students of Olabisi Onabanjo University. Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State Methods: This descriptive correlational design study was conducted on 350 selected students of Human Kinetics and Health Education Department. A self-structured questionnaire of SDQ and APQ were administered. The reliability results were .0.72 and .74. The data were analyzed using multiple regression. Results: The descriptive result showed that 67.3% of the respondents were male (N=228) and 49.9% aged 15 - 19 years (N=169). The independent variables had significant joint contribution on academic performance (F 6, 332) = 13.268: p < 0.05 R=.440a and a multiple R².193, Adj R² =.179) and relative contribution on the dependent variable. School location has the highest contribution (β=.256, p<.05) followed by dating (β= .225, p<.05), age (β=-.217, p<.05) educational materials (t = -2.583 (β= -.181, p<.05), school discipline (β=-.171, p<.05), respectively, while gender (β=-.084, p<.05) was not significant. Conclusion: The findings revealed that was a joint contribution of socio-demographic status on academic performance of students of Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago Iwoye. It was recommended that university authority or government should provide good accommodations in or around school area. Lecturers in Human Kinetics and Health Education should adopt teaching methods that enhance learning effectiveness for all students irrespective of age and gender.

Anchal Garg, Arvind Kumar, N.C. Gupta

Indian government announced the complete lockdown from 25 March, 2020 for all outdoor activities across the country due to containment of COVID-19. This study is an attempt to assess the impacts of lockdown on ambient air quality in five cities of Indian National Capital Region including Delhi, Gurugram, Noida, Ghaziabad and Faridabad. In this context, the data of air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, NOx, NO, NO2, SO2, NH3, SO2, CO, and C6H6) from 36 locations of the study area were analyzed from 1st March to 1st May, 2020. The results showed that PM10 and PM2.5 level decreased upto 55–65 %. NOx and NO have shown maximum reduction (∼ 50–78 %). Similarly, consistent and significant reduction in other air pollutants such as SO2 (∼33 %), CO (∼45 %), NH3 (∼27 %) and C6H6 (∼53 %) has been observed. During lockdown Air Quality Index (AQI) shows improvement as its value significantly decreased (∼ 45 %–68 %). An interesting feature observed that during first week of lockdown O3 decreased but later it increased by ∼19−27%. The study suggests that this pandemic gives lessons for interventions for urban air pollution mitigation in controlling the health impact due to urban air pollution.

Guilin Wei, Yulong Miao, Beilong Yuan et al.

With the decommissioning of nuclear facilities, an increasing amount of radioactive graphite needs to be treated safely and effectively. In this work, microwave sintering technology was initially applied to treat simulated graphite waste. The effects of microwaves on the phase composition and microstructure of graphite were investigated. Combined with the mass loss results and fitting results of the phase, the mechanism for simulated graphite waste treatment via microwave sintering was obtained. According to the results, there are three stages regarding the effect of microwave sintering on the microstructure of graphite waste. This work reveals the potential application of microwave sintering technology in the treatment of graphite waste and its treatment mechanism.

Xiaoxu Kuang, Atsuki Sentoku, Atsushi Sasaki et al.

The disposal and the reuse of industrial wastes have become increasingly difficult due to the elution of hazardous anions, such as F&minus;, [B(OH)4]&minus;, AsO43&minus;, and CrO42&minus;. Effective methods for removing hazardous ions and reusing solid wastes are urgently required. In this study, Ca(OH)2, MgCl2, and BaCl2 were added to reduce the elution concentrations of F, B, As, and Cr by coprecipitating insoluble inorganic salts. After this, ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was added to the ion exchange and solidified with these hazardous ion-containing substances. The addition of crushed stone powder (CSP), which was a by-product of the process of crushing aggregates or sawing stone, inhibited the elution of hazardous ions and improved the inhibition effect of OPC. The elution concentrations of F, B, As, and Cr were successfully reduced from their maximum elution concentration of 10 mg/L to below the environmental standards values of Japan. A simultaneous inhibition method for the elution of F, B, As, and Cr from industrial wastes has been developed successfully and would be able to promote the reuse and recycling of CSP and other industrial wastes.