Hasil untuk "Geography"

D. Newman, A. Paasi

P. Rogerson

K. Morgan

ABSTRACT Globalisation and digitalisation have been presented as inescapable forces which signal the ‘death of geography’; this article takes issue with this fashionable narrative. The counter argument that ‘geography matters’ is pursued in three ways: first, by questioning the ‘distance-destroying’ capacity of infonnation and communication technologies, where social depth is conflated with spatial reach; second, by arguing that physical proximity may be essential for some forms of knowledge exchange; and third, by charting the growth of territorial innovation systems.

K. Seto, R. Sánchez-Rodríguez, M. Fragkias

R. Florida

Anne L. J. ter Wal, R. Boschma

Social network analysis attracts increasing attention in economic geography. We claim social network analysis is a promising tool for empirically investigating the structure and evolution of inter-organizational interaction and knowledge flows within and across regions. However, the potential of the application of network methodology to regional issues is far from exhausted. The aim of our paper is twofold. The first objective is to shed light on the untapped potential of social network analysis techniques in economic geography: we set out some theoretical challenges concerning the static and dynamic analysis of networks in geography. Basically, we claim that network analysis has a huge potential to enrich the literature on clusters, regional innovation systems and knowledge spillovers. The second objective is to describe how these challenges can be met through the application of network analysis techniques, using primary (survey) and secondary (patent) data. We argue that the choice between these two types of data has strong implications for the type of research questions that can be dealt with in economic geography, such as the feasibility of dynamic network analysis.

R. Nisbett

D. Ackerly, S. Loarie, W. Cornwell et al.

Nathan Nunn, D. Puga, Ann Carlos et al.

Martin Jones

M. Toft

Wan-Gu Kim, Byoung-Nam Kim, Yohan Chweh

The influence of station-to-station line orientation on sea current speed observations using Coastal Acoustic Tomography (CAT) was quantitatively investigated. For this purpose, we conducted CAT experiments at five stations in Yeosu Bay, South Korea. Through these experiments, the sea current speeds were estimated along a total of six tomographic observation lines with different orientations, and the results were compared with current speeds measured simultaneously by an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP). The comparison showed that the concordance between tomography-estimated sea current speed and ADCP-measured sea current speed tended to decrease as the acute angle between the predominant tidal current direction in Yeosu Bay and a tomographic observation line increased. This tendency is interpreted as arising because the smaller the difference between the two one-way travel times obtained during tomographic observations, the greater the effect of the travel time measurement error whose magnitude is relatively direction-independent. This interpretation was supported by a simple numerical simulation. Furthermore, quantitative analysis of these simulation results indicated that a smaller acute angle between the predominant sea current direction in the survey area and a tomographic observation line enhances the robustness of sea current speed estimation against travel time measurement errors. The results show that the station-to-station line in CAT should be arranged considering the predominant sea current direction in the survey area, which can provide an important guideline for selecting station locations.

Courtney Grimes, Ramón A Alvarez

Piotr J. Wróbel

General Lucjan Żeligowski’s dilemmas regarding his national identity reflect the difficult choices faced by millions of people living in the borderlands between Russia and various East-Central European nations over the past several centuries. Born and raised in a Polish-patriotic family in 1865 in the heart of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which was controlled by Tsarist Russia, he joined the Russian Army out of poverty and became almost entirely Russified. Seeking a compromise between his Polish and Russian identities, he became interested in Slavophile ideology. By the end of World War I, his Polish identity had prevailed over his Lithuanian and Russian sentiments, and he contributed to the rebirth of Poland. However, he noticed a distinction between Poles from central Poland and himself, a “Polish” or “Slavic Lithuanian”. He was very critical of Warsaw’s policies towards the regions of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania and endeavoured to preserve their separate character. In 1939, he escaped from Poland and joined the Polish émigré authorities. In the West, he returned to Pan-Slavic ideology, hoping it would help bridge the Polish-Soviet chasm. Also, his political views shifted. In interwar Poland, he became an agrarian, but he was moving to the left, dreaming of a “People’s Poland”. This allowed him to stay connected with the Soviets during World War II and later to decide on his return to communist-controlled Poland. He had never found peace of mind and paid a steep price for his numerous identity crises. He was not alone; millions traversed similar mental paths, impacting the entire history of Eastern and East Central Europe.

Tom Cernev, Richard Fenner

With 2030 quickly approaching and hence the end of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) timeline, it is necessary to start the conversation as to what the post-2030 international development goals, that will take over from the SDGs, will look like. Building on the experiences of implementing the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and SDGs, there is the possibility of making the post-2030 goals the most efficient and successful to date. This perspective explores the lessons that have been learnt from the MDGs and SDGs, and together with a consideration of emerging global trends develops proposals for post-2030 goals and targets. In total seven goals are suggested: (1) Operate within planetary boundaries (2) Create growth within resource limits (3) Provide access to basic services for all (4) Eliminate poverty and hunger (5) Reduce inequality (6) Deliver good health and education for all (7) Build strong institutions and international partnerships. The goals are categorised as being: (i) Environmental and Economic (ii) Physical Assets (iii) Social, and (iv) Collaboration. System interdependencies and possible causal connections between the proposed post-2030 goals are also explored. A novel approach of five yearly assessments of the risks involved if the targets are not met, together with suggestions for corrective action is discussed, which will help inform governments and decision makers of the urgent actions needed. To avoid a disruptive future, careful formulation of the post SDG period beyond 2030 is urgently needed to provide a fair and consistent framework to hold both government and industry to account at local, national, and international levels. This will require the strengthening of existing international institutions and strategies for the financing of development.

Zhiwei Zhang, Dawei Pan, Yan Liang et al.

Field determination and ecological risk assessment of dissolved lead (Pb) were performed at two Yellow Sea sites in China using a continuous automated electrochemical system (CAEDS). This CAEDS instrument includes an automatic triple filter sampler and an electrochemical detection water quality analyzer, which might be operated automatically four times daily. The dissolved Pb concentrations varied from 0.29 to 1.57 μg/L in the South Yellow Sea over 16 days and from 0.32 to 2.28 μg/L in the North Yellow Sea over 13 days. During the typhoon and algal bloom periods, the Pb concentration was as high as ten times greater than usual. According to the calculation of contamination factors (C_f) and subsequent analysis, seawater quality was classified as Grade II. Through species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method experiments and ecological risk analysis, an average risk quotient (RQ) below 1 for both areas was obtained, indicating a low-to-moderate ecological risk. This system will be helpful for Pb monitoring and assessment in seawater and contribute to the biogeochemical cycling study of Pb.

Mega L. Syamsuddin, Subiyanto Subiyanto, Tonny Bratasena et al.

The Makassar Strait is one of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) branches that transports warm water masses from the Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean. These water masses have a significant impact on oceanographic parameters, which in turn affects the skipjack tuna distribution. Satellite-derived oceanographic factors from January 2015 to December 2020 included sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a, salinity, sea surface height (SSH), surface current, and surface wind are used to predict the potential habitat of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) in the Makassar Strait using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model. The SSH was the most important oceanographic variable affecting the skipjack tuna catch, contributing 49.7% to the model gain. An increasing skipjack tuna catch was observed within the following oceanographic variable ranges: 0.48–0.58 m of SSH, 34–35 ppt of salinity, 0.1–1.2 m/s of surface current, 29–30 °C of SST, 5–6 m/s of surface wind, and 0.1–0.5 mg/l of chlorophyll-a concentrations.

S. Kirsch

Pablo Meninato

Este artículo explora la contribución de la arquitecta ítalo-brasileña Lina Bo Bardi para crear un urbanismo más equitativo, inclusivo y sostenible. Tras ofrecer una breve reseña biográfica, el ensayo examina algunos de los temas que influenciaron en la trayectoria de Bo Bardi, como sus provocativas reflexiones sobre el feminismo y su interés y fascinación por el "Brasil profundo" a partir de su estancia en la ciudad de Bahía. El argumento central del trabajo es que, adoptando el Centro de Ocio Fábrica SESC Pompéia como caso de estudio, Bo Bardi desarrolló una concepción distinta y original del proyecto urbano. Distanciándose de los postulados del urbanismo moderno, el pensamiento y el diseño de Bo Bardi se centraron en la activación del espacio público a través de actividades y eventos destinados a fortalecer los lazos comunitarios. Bajo este nuevo paradigma, la noción de "calle" se reinterpreta y cambia continuamente. De manera alternativa o simultánea, las calles del SESC Pompéia pueden funcionar como espacios exteriores e interiores, pasarelas a nivel de suelo y elevadas, terrazas solárium y escenarios para performances. Bo Bardi concibió el SESC Pompéia como una “ciudadela de la libertad,” promoviendo la posibilidad de una experiencia urbana más inclusiva, equitativa, multifuncional e innovadora para todos.

Alison Mountz