Hasil untuk "French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature"

O. Lopez-Fernandez

Welistony Câmara Lima, Ana Patrícia Sá Martins

Este artigo apresenta o relato de experiência de curso formativo intitulado Poder e escrita criativa com a Literatura Afro – PECLA - em parceria com o Portal Inter@ge Professor. É também fruto do estágio docente, no Programa de Pós-graduação em Letras da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), no âmbito da disciplina de Literatura Afro-Brasileira, ministrada para alunos do curso de Letras Licenciatura da UEMA, campus Balsas-MA. O curso teve como propósito promover formação inicial e continuada a professores e discentes sobre a escrita criativa com a Literatura Afro, a fim de aprimorarem suas habilidades literárias, pedagógicas e digitais. A metodologia adotada é qualitativa, baseada em uma narrativa autoetnográfica. Os materiais disponibilizados no ambiente virtual de aprendizagem, abordando aspectos teóricos e práticos sobre Literatura Afro e projetos didáticos, estruturam o curso em dois módulos, cada um com 30 horas. Para o embasamento teórico, utilizamos Astigarraga (2018), Passeggi (Passeggi; Souza; Vicentini, 2011) e Sanches (2022), sobre a narrativa autobiográfica; Alves (2022), sobre literaturas afro, além de Schneuwly e Dolz (2010), os quais discutem acerca dos gêneros textuais nas sequências didáticas, bem como Martins (2020), com a perspectiva teórico-formativa dos  letramentos didáticodigitais. Como resultados percebemos que, por meio das produções dos cursistas - fanfics, sequências didáticas e relatos pessoais, há interesse constante em dialogar com as recentes pesquisas sobre práticas literárias (in)visibilizadas, como as literaturas afro enquanto instrumento educacional, constituindo-se, também, como um passo importante para o letramento literário desses futuros profissionais de Letras.

Jeroen Dewulf

Traces of Carolingian literature and drama can be found in several parts of the world with a Portuguese colonial history. Due to a paucity of sources, little is known about their history, the agents who introduced them, and the reasons why European chivalric stories were so passionately embraced by Indigenous communities in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. This article breaks with a tradition to study this phenomenon from a perspective that maintains a unilateral connection between the former colony and the metropole. It shows how ingrained assumptions can be questioned by adopting a comparative perspective that extends its focus to intercultural agents of Portugal’s “shadow empire,” where communities developed a cultural and religious identity based on a Portuguese model that was modified and reinterpreted from a local perspective. The article begins with an overview of the known examples of Carolingian drama in the former Portuguese Empire and then focuses on the principal agents behind the transmission of this literature, while shifting the focus from the Europeans who introduced these tales to the Indigenous populations who adopted them.

M. Meschiari, Antoine Asquier-Khati, G. Tiseo et al.

INTRODUCTION The emergence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli, and the development of new antibiotics have complexified selection of optimal regimens. International guidelines are valuable tools, though limited by scarcity of high-quality randomized trials in many situations. METHODS A panel of experts from the French and Italian Societies of Infectious Diseases aimed to address unresolved issues in clinical practice based on their experience, updated literature review, and open discussions. RESULTS The panel reached a consensus for the following 'first-choices': i) cefepime for ventilator-acquired pneumonia due to AmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales; ii) The β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors combination most active in vitro, or cefiderocol combined with fosfomycin, and aerosolized colistin or aminoglycosides, for severe pneumonia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to ceftolozane-tazobactam; iii) high-dose piperacillin-tazobactam (including loading dose and continuous infusion), for complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs) caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacterales with piperacillin-tazobactam MIC ≤8 mg/L; iv) high-dose cefepime for cUTIs due to AmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales other than Enterobacter species if cefepime MIC ≤2 mg/L; v) ceftolozane-tazobactam or ceftazidime-avibactam plus metronidazole for intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) due to 3rd generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales; vi) ceftazidime-avibactam plus aztreonam plus metronidazole for IAIs due to metallo β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales; vii) ampicillin-sulbactam plus colistin for bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB); viii) meropenem-vaborbactam for BSI caused by KPC-producing Enterobacterales; ix) ceftazidime-avibactam plus fosfomycin for neurological infections caused by carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa. CONCLUSIONS These expert choices were based on the necessary balance between antimicrobial stewardship principles, and the need to provide optimal treatment for individual patients in each situation.

Josefina Amanda Suyo-Vega, Monica Elisa Meneses-La-Riva, Víctor hugo fernández-Bedoya et al.

The mental health of college students has been the source of research, projects, and public policies involving education, health, and psychology professionals. Having as its axis the study of mental health and the phenomenon of psychological illness, this systematic review aims to characterize mental health programs directed to college students, as well as the forms of interventions offered to reduce the incidence of psychological disorders. From the proposal, a survey was conducted in the databases Scopus, Lilacs, and the repository Alicia, in the period between 2010 and 2021, choosing the search phrase “Programas de saúde mental para universitários” in Portuguese, “Mental health projects for university students” in English, and “Proyectos en salud mental para estudiantes universitarios” in Spanish. The research areas spanned humanities and social sciences, with peer-reviewed and open access articles. The questions that instigated the study were as follows: What are the mental health problems affecting college students? What type of strategy has been adopted to map the demands of university students in relation to mental illness? How can the university space reorganize itself to work on interventional-preventive aspects, according to the studies? Initially, 740 203 articles were obtained, and after sifting through 13 productions, using the PRISMA systematization. Despite several research interrelating mental health and university space, most were dedicated to data collection, using questionnaires, inventories, and scales, standardized and non-standardized. Only three studies described intervention projects and programs to reduce the problems of psychological distress in college students. Unanimously, the investigations emphasize the need for monitoring the higher education population regarding mental health and, in parallel, the implementation of institutional public policies to meet the students' demands and reduce the rates of problems in the educational field.

Christiane Hoth de Olano

Reseña

Marlen Bidwell-Steiner, Michael Scham

The title of this volume has an unspectacular, perhaps even ingenuous ring. And yet, it addresses complex relationships that were fertile with the production of cultural meaning. Early modern Spanish narrative encompasses an amazing variety of highly innovative literary forms. Labelling Don Quijote as the first modern novel has become a commonplace. Yet this is not the only original “Spanish” discourse. Although seemingly exclusively embedded in everyday life (and misery) of 16th and 17th century Spanish society, the genre of the picaresque immediately sweeps across Europe. Another case in point is the Spanish comedia as a hybrid dramatic form that transgresses Aristotelian norms for the sake of a changing public taste and need, as Lope de Vega elaborates in his Arte nuevo in 1609. And even well-established genres like the Italian novella become thoroughly refashioned to reemerge in bespoke Spanish clothes. As is to be expected, the attempts to elucidate the extraordinary dynamics of literary and artistic cultures in the Siglo de Oro are myriad. One widely accepted hypothesis argues for the emergence of a specific “modern” subjectivity: a characteristic habitus that permitted reflection upon the tensions that were inherent to a society exposed to the ideologies of the Counter-Reformation, colonialist nation building and the fraught heritage of the three monotheistic cultures (Gumbrecht). This is the period in which casuistry as a religious, legal, medical and literary practice gains momentum. Although its origins are conventionally associated with medieval penitential books and the practice of applying verdicts pronounced by church authorities in judging the severity of sins during confession, casuistry also has deep roots in legal and medical traditions, including Judaic and Islamic law and theology. Under the terms of the printing revolution, changing knowledge cultures spawn a sophisticated mingling of these threefold origins of casuistry. The spread of casuistry in early modern Spain is vast, from the strict sense of resolving penitents’ “cases of conscience” to broader political, economic, legal and scientific issues. Yet, perhaps owing to its image as a sophistical justification of suspect behavior and political expediency – a perception promoted by the Jansenist Pascal’s famous denunciation of Jesuit “laxism” in his Lettres

Daniel Moreno-Zambrano, S. Sandrone, Joyce Meza-Venegas et al.

Abstract Medical students and practitioners often perceive neurology as one of the most challenging specialties. Neurophobia, which has been described as the fear of clinical neurology and neural sciences, may impact the ability to apply the knowledge of basic sciences to routine clinical practice, thus compromising the care of patients with neurological disorders. It also reportedly plays a role in choosing neurology as a career option. In this manuscript, we reviewed the existing evidence on neurophobia and analyzed the perceived factors behind it among medical students and practitioners. Multiple online databases were searched to retrieving studies in English, Spanish, and Portuguese published between 1994 and 2021. Fifteen studies from eleven countries met the inclusion criteria and involved 6103 medical students and practitioners. Data were obtained from practitioners and students at different education levels, thus allowing to get a complete overview of the phenomenon. The subject's difficulty among other specialties and the lack of confidence were identified as the most relevant factors. More research is needed to determine the effects of minimal neuroscience exposure in the context of clinical practice and to identify interventions to develop and promote a new culture based on “neurophilia”.

Luis Fernando Nieto Ruiz

Este artículo científico se enmarca dentro de la línea de la sociolingüística, disciplina que permite identificar la manera de hablar de una comunidad, así como su incidencia en los procesos de cambio que se dan al interior de la lengua, reflejada en la variedad lingüística. Se toma como variables sociales: género, nivel de instrucción y edad; en cuanto a las variantes lingüísticas se trabajó como variante fija general la fraseología, y como variantes específicas las locuciones adjetivas. El objetivo principal es averiguar si en la comunidad de habla barranquillera se emplea de forma significativa este tipo de recursos léxicos. Para esto se emplea un corpus elaborado con base en el Diccionario Fraseológico Documentado del Español Actual (2009). Se tomó como muestra a 48 hombres y 48 mujeres, tres niveles de instrucción y cuatro grupos etarios. La metodología empleada es de carácter sociolingüístico en donde el enfoque investigativo se basa en el análisis de la información. En forma particular, el resultado derivado de las variables sociales, en consonancia con la variante lingüística sintagma preposicional más adjetivo, permitió demostrar que las mujeres hacen un mayor uso de las locuciones adjetivas. Las identidades que ellas conllevan tienden a implicar una función de marcación de fronteras mediante un uso particular de la lengua y una coherencia interna altamente marcada, gracias al dominio de determinados rasgos lingüísticos.

Júlia Benavent

Se aborda la cuestión del divorcio de la reina de Inglaterra Catalina de Aragón, que pidió ayuda a los monarcas Carlos V e Isabel de Portugal para que le proporcionaran los informes de las Universidades y los testimonios de los criados que la acompañaron en su viaje a Inglaterra.

Beatriz Gómez-Pablos

Amirpasha Tavakkoli

Riccardo Held

Boessio, Ana Lúcia Montano

A partir de uma abordagem comparatista, este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a representação do feminino enquanto ressonância de uma cultura dominante masculina em A Casa de Bernarda Alba – Drama de mulheres em povoados da Espanha (1936), de Federico García Lorca, contemplando três perspectivas: cultural, de acordo com o conceito trazido por Roy Wagner de cultura enquanto invenção; histórica, a partir da teoria da meta-história proposta por Hayden White, que relativiza o campo ao reconhecer o jogo de influências que o mesmo sofre e ao inserir no discurso histórico uma dimensão ficcional; e uma perspectiva religiosa, com base na visão de Pierre Debergé sobre o papel da mulher na sociedade. A construção ficcional de Lorca configura-se como um jogo de ressonâncias signíficas, onde o espaço da mulher e sua voz se (des)constituem no emaranhado das invenções e convenções sociais, culturais e históricas, desvelando, assim, a sua condição de silenciamento

Aline Stawinski, Luiza Milano

This article intends to reflect on object and method in linguistic studies considering the Saussurean point of view. The starting point will be phonic aspect of language, given the importance this reflection has in the initial outlines by the then young linguist Ferdinand de Saussure. We will use two works to do this: Course in General Linguistics, a work regarded as a framework for linguistics, and the Phonétique manuscript, written by the Genevan between 1883-1884 and made public in its entirety for the first time in 1995, by Maria Pia Marchese. Thus, we will address fundamental questions of Saussure's theoretical construction, which go through the problem of linguistic unity – its delimitations and method by which they must be defined. This will lead us to highlight the complexity with which Saussure detailed the differences between what would be the phonetic and phonological point of view to his contemporaries and his own conception of a "Phonétique", starting from the concreteness of discourse and anchored in the abstraction of the linguistic system.   --- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/gragoata.2017n44a999

Olivier Brisville-Fertin

This article presents a conceptual characterization sketch of the Aljamia of the Aljamiado texts. It offers both a review of our knowledge and a new in depth interpretation from sociolinguistics. After the distinction made between Aljamia –the variety of spontaneity– and Aljamiado –an elaborated variety of distance–, it deals with the genetic process of this written variety, the process of configuration and discursive elaboration, and the practical puprose. Even though it could be considered as the discourse of the Tagarine ethnic community, Aljamiado is the production of the lettered minority of the alfaquis – a sociolect. Through its links to the domain of sacredness, it configures as a hierolect.

Ioannis Kioridis

The present study addresses the issue of the relationship between «the wicked mother-in-law» and her daughter-in-law, based on two examples, from Greek folk songs and Spanish romancero respectively. In these cases, the mother-in-law either instigates the death of, or kills her son’s wife herself. The author initially presents a literary review of the pattern of «the wicked mother-in-law» in both traditions, and also refers to the comparative studies that have been devoted to the two traditions so far. He then analyses the two songs by referring them to the broader socio-cultural framework in which they were created, thus interpreting the behaviour of the individuals involved. He then finds analogies and differences and also points out the excellence of both folk poets in the handling of the issue. The author concludes that, in his opinion, the aim was to defend inbreeding and the nuclear family against exogamy –which was common at the time- and against the extended family. The study ends with an annex that includes the respective songs.

Ange de la Branche

Inés Quintero

In Venezuela since the elaboration of the first textbooks in the nineteenth century until today, History’s teaching has been part of an important process including discussion and reflection about the contents and the adopted didactic strategies. This paper aims to review the fundamental aspects concerning the deficiencies and recurring problems in History’s teaching and to analize the tensions and conflicts brought about by study options and contents related to Venezuelan History in the textbooks, formulated and distributed by the actual Venezuelan government.

Rosa María Aradra Sánchez

Este trabajo presenta un estudio sobre el eco como procedimiento métrico y retórico. Hace un breve recorrido por algunas de las manifestaciones poéticas del eco en la tradición literaria española, así como por la atención que la teoría métrica le ha prestado a este fenómeno, para después detenerse en las posibilidades que ofrece la retórica para su análisis desde el enfoque genérico de los procedimientos de repetición discursiva.