Hasil untuk "Folklore"

A. McCabe

Moh. Fajrul Alfien, Ani Rakhmawati

Karangsong is the largest fishing village in Indramayu. The Karangsong community, dominated by fishermen, has a distinctive linguistic identity reflected in the lexicon of maritime activities understood only by the local coastal people. Therefore, it is important to explore this lexicon as an effort to document the linguistic wealth of the Indramayu coastal community. This study aims to: (1) describe the linguistic situation of the Karangsong community; (2) identify the lexicon of fish names, fishing transportation, ship parts, fishing equipment, and fishing activities; and (3) explore the cultural portrait of the Karangsong community. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method with an ethnolinguistic approach. The data consist of the linguistic activities of the Karangsong coastal community collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and questionnaires involving captains, boat builders, fishermen, and local residents. The results show that: (1) the Karangsong community has a wide variety of marine lexicon understood only by Indramayu’s coastal people; (2) this lexicon appears in the naming of fish, boats, boat parts, fishing tools, and activities; and (3) besides distinctive linguistic characteristics, the Karangsong community also holds beliefs, traditions, and folklore that shape their cultural identity.

Philip Hackney, Justin Lynd, Edoardo Salati

We record a folklore theorem that says a partial group embeds in a group if and only if each word has at most one possible multiplication, regardless of choice of parenthesization. We further investigate the partial groups which are exemplars of non-embeddability. Finally we show that a partial groupoid embeds in a groupoid if and only if its reduction embeds in a group.

Vukomanović-Rastegorac Vladimir M., Bjelić Aleksandra P.

The knowledge that the dialogue on death is a sensitive, but then again a necessary topic in the context of education, prompted the emergence of the concept of death education in which literary texts can also play an important role. Therefore, it may be important to say that some oral literary works, frequently with the death motif, have their place in the elementary school curricula. Thus the aim of our paper is: (1) to point to the oral literary texts with the death motif in the curriculum and to those that are incorporated in the approved reading-books and to show (2) the dominant aspects of the thematization of death in the reading-book texts and how to approach them in the didactic and methodical apparatus. The qualitative analysis of the curriculum is focused on the upper elementary classes and the analysis of the reading-books and the didactic and methodical apparatus is done using the reading-books published by the three different publishers. The three dominant areas stand out in the analysis: (1) the description of the emotions that accompany death, (2) the description of life after death, (3) the characteristic motifs featured in oral literature in the service of the thematization of death. Moreover, the analysis shows that, among the already mentioned aspects, the methodical apparatus sheds the faintest light on the images of life after death. Based on the results of research, the specific recommendations are given to increase the genre variety of the reading-book texts and to use the segments of the folklore and folk traditions in order to gain a better understanding of a particular work of literature.

Yi Ni

Given a compact, oriented, connected surface $F$, we show that the set of connected sutured manifolds $(M,γ)$ with $R_{\pm}(γ)\cong F$ is generated by the product sutured manifold $(F,\partial F)\times[0,1]$ through surgery triads. This result has applications in Floer theories of $3$--manifolds. The special case when $F=D^2$ or $S^2$ has been a folklore theorem, which has already been used by experts before.

Christos Mantoulidis, Jared Marx-Kuo

In this note we use classical tools from min-max and hyperbolic geometry to substantiate a folklore example in Almgren--Pitts min-max theory, the three-legged starfish metric on a 2-sphere, whose systolic length, Almgren--Pitts width, and Gromov--Guth width are attained by ``figure-eight'' geodesics. We also recover a hyperbolic geometry fact about ``figure-eight'' geodesics using min-max.

Pierre Colmez, Sally Gilles, Wiesława Nizioł

Let $\mathbf{B}$ be the ring of analytic functions on the Fargues-Fontaine curve $Y_{\rm FF}$. We show that adding $p$-adic analogs of $\log p$ and $\log 2πi$ kills its Galois cohomology in degrees~$\geq 1$. The analogous result for $\mathbf{B}^+_{\rm dR}$ is folklore. This makes it possible to formulate $C_{\rm dR}$ and $C_{\rm st}$-type conjectures for compact support cohomology of $p$-adic analytic varieties.

Alastair Kay, Christino Tamon

A paradoxical idea in quantum transport is that attaching weakly-coupled edges to a large base graph creates high-fidelity quantum state transfer. We provide a mathematical treatment that rigorously prove this folklore idea. Our proofs are elementary and build upon the Feshbach-Schur method from perturbation theory. We also show the idea is effective in circumventing Anderson localization in spin chains and finding speedups in hitting times useful for quantum search.

Aleixandre Brian Duche-Pérez, Gonzalo Ríos-Vizcarra, Luis Enrique Calatayud-Rosado

This ethnographic study explores the rich tapestry of ritual and cultural prac­tices in Coporaque, a peasant community in the southern Andes of Peru, highlighting the deep integration of religiosity into everyday life. Coporaque, with roots dating back to pre-Incan times, reflects a unique synergy of pre-Columbian and Catholic influences that manifest through rituals and festivities ranging from the celebration of the Day of the Dead to the festivities of San Santiago and the Cocha fiesta. The study employs an ethnographic approach consisting of participant observation and semi-struc­tured interviews, facilitating an understanding of how faith and the veneration of natural elements, such as the Apus and cochas, contribute to community cohesion and cultural continuity. The findings highlight how the community strives to maintain its ancestral traditions while facing the challenges of modernity and emphasize the role of these practices in fostering a sense of community identity and cultural resilience.

E. N. Ilyina

The article is devoted to the study of records of dialect speech, verbalizing the ideas of rural residents of the Vologda region about the system of transport and means of communication. The object of analysis is the lexical set of names of vehicles and means of communication, as well as the corpus of texts. Informants differentiate roads in detail from the point of view of the possibilities of their use in summer or winter, for walking, skiing, wheeled, sledge, caterpillar, sled, etc. transportation. Many traditional beliefs and customs of dialect speakers are associated with the road. Informants living near navigable rivers and large lakes perceive movement by water as one of the ordinary components of the transport system, while those living far from water bodies treat water transport with caution and prejudice, emphasizing the danger of the water element. The most vivid impressions of dialect speakers about movement in space are associated with air transport. The narrative of this event is clothed in the genre form of a “story-plate”, which occupies an intermediate position between everyday and folklore non-fairy-tale prose. However, such stories, as a rule, tell about the first or only air flight in the life of the informant.

Angelica Naomi Tjoantara, Dianing Ratri, Riama Maslan

Abstrak Indonesia memiliki berbagai jenis makhluk mitologi dalam cerita rakyat yang merupakan bagian dari budaya Indonesia. Karakter makhluk mitologi ini kerap diceritakan dalam cerita rakyat yang sampai sekarang diadaptasi menjadi berbagai format kontemporer salah satunya ke dalam buku cerita anak. Namun, pengaplikasian karakter dalam cerita rakyat tersebut cenderung kuno dan monoton dari buku satu ke buku lainnya. Sebagai perbandingannya, Jepang yang juga memiliki berbagai macam karakter budaya dalam cerita rakyatnya dapat mengadaptasi karakter makhluk mitologi tersebut ke dalam cerita dengan tema yang lebih kontemporer. Untuk itu, penulis melakukan kajian mengenai desain karakter makhluk folklore dalam buku cerita anak Jepang yang memuat tema kontemporer. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan memahami elemen dalam membangun desain karakter berdasarkan makhluk mitologi dan membuat suatu konsep berdasarkan hal tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus karakter desain dalam buku anak Jepang dengan tema folklore kontemporer. Kemudian peneliti membandingkan dengan desain referensi aslinya menggunakan teori manga matriks dan RWD (Ruang, Waktu, Datar). Hasil dari penelitian ini kemudian dapat digunakan sebagai acuan bagi ilustrator maupun penulis cerita untuk lebih menggunakan karakter dari tradisi dan budaya Indonesia ke dalam bentuk cerita sebagai salah satu upaya pelestarian budaya dan cerita rakyat di Indonesia.   Kata Kunci: desain karakter, buku bergambar, cerita rakyat kontemporer, makhluk mitologi   Abstract Indonesia has varieties of mythological creatures based on the local Indonesian folktales. Nowadays these characters are often introduced inside stories, games, or other contemporary media and one of them is children’s picture books. Sadly, the implementation of these cultural characters were monotonous and redundant from one book to another. As a case study, Japan has similar cultures regarding folktale with Indonesia and has implemented the essence of those characters into more contemporary themed stories. From these findings, the writer delivered qualitative research to study Japanese picture book’s character designs with contemporary themes. The purpose of this research is to identify and understand the elements in building character designs based on mythological creatures and create a concept based on them. The research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach to character designs in Japanese children's books with the theme of contemporary folklore. Then the researcher compared it with the original reference design using matrix manga theory and RWD. Findings from this research may be used as reference for both Indonesian writer and illustrator to create stories and designs based on Indonesian’s characters from folktales as a way to preserve Indonesian’s folktales.   Keywords: character design, contemporary folktale, mythological creature, picture book

Ferenc Bencs, David de Boer, Pjotr Buys et al.

In this paper we prove that for any integer $q\geq 5$, the anti-ferromagnetic $q$-state Potts model on the infinite $Δ$-regular tree has a unique Gibbs measure for all edge interaction parameters $w\in [1-q/Δ,1)$, provided $Δ$ is large enough. This confirms a longstanding folklore conjecture.

Cosma Rohilla Shalizi

This brief pedagogical note re-proves a simple theorem on the convergence, in $L_2$ and in probability, of time averages of non-stationary time series to the mean of expectation values. The basic condition is that the sum of covariances grows sub-quadratically with the length of the time series. I make no claim to originality; the result is widely, but unevenly, spread bit of folklore among users of applied probability. The goal of this note is merely to even out that distribution.

Olga Kielak

W tradycyjnej kulturze polskiej zwierzęta z najbliższego otoczenia człowieka (bydło, konie i świnie) były towarem najczęściej kupowanym i sprzedawanym, a echa dawnych transakcji handlowych pobrzmiewają do dziś w gwarowej leksyce (por. ogonowe, rogowe, kopytkowe). Rekonstrukcja kupna i sprzedaży zwierząt domowych w polszczyźnie byłaby jednak niemożliwa bez sięgnięcia po dane przyjęzykowe (wierzenia i praktyki), które pokrywają się i uzupełniają ze zdawkowymi informacjami na temat transakcji, utrwalonymi w języku. Ze sprzedażą i kupnem zwierząt wiązał się bowiem szereg zabiegów wykonywanych przed i po transakcji, mających na celu ułatwić sprzedaż oraz zapewnić sprzedającemu i kupującemu pomyślność w hodowli. W artykule, wykorzystując metodologię wypracowaną na użytek lubelskiego Słownika stereotypów i symboli ludowych, przyglądam się kulturowym mechanizmom transakcji kupna-sprzedaży zwierząt. Ich analiza pozwala mi ukazać miejsce, jakie w świecie ludowych wartości zajmowały zwierzęta domowe.

Gibbon Sarah Jane, Moore James

This paper presents a new methodological approach and theorising framework which visualises intangible landscapes. The Cult of Saint Magnus of Orkney (martyred c.AD1117 and canonised c.1135) is presented as a case study to demonstrate how spatial and temporal veneration can be explored in the landscape. The transferability of this methodology extends to any multi-source study where memories link to landscape features (past or present). St Magnus dedications, altars and church furnishings in Scandinavia and Britain demonstrate his international recognition, but aside from three Magnus dedicated churches, little is known of his veneration within Orkney. By using GIS to map archaeological, onomastic, folkloric, historic and hagiographic evidence of veneration we have visualised the impact of the Cult of Magnus since martyrdom to recent times for the first time. Furthermore, by visually differentiating between sources, we’ve distinguished the variability and variety of evidence, thus identifying concentrated pockets of veneration through time. Additionally, by linking evidence locations, we have identified ‘remembered’ routeways – storyways. In doing so, we have mapped the impact of Magnus as a saint, his value to particular communities and his continuing influence.

Julia Parodi

Publicada en nuestro país durante pleno auge del “boom del folklore”, la revista Folklore fue un engranaje esencial en la cadena de mecanismos de la industria cultural. Sin embargo, un análisis detenido de su discurso revela dos movimientos contradictorios, como un efecto insalvable derivado de las tensiones que cristaliza. Por un lado, un impulso de inclusión donde parecen licuarse las diferencias como parte de un mismo y homogéneo fenómeno, el de la “música nuestra” en pos de la construcción de una imagen identitaria o “ser nacional” apta para las exigencias de un mercado creciente. Pero por el otro lado, la revista fue también promotora de un claro impulso de exclusión que, a manos de la denominada “Ciencia del Folklore” y de sus especialistas autorizados, los folklorólogos, consistió en un intento por establecer los límites y alcances del “Folklore” como patrimonio nacional. Costa y Mozejko (2001 y 2002) proponen buscar en las condiciones de producción las hipótesis explicativas de las estrategias que, consciente o inconscientemente orientan las prácticas discursivas de los agentes sociales. Los impulsos de inclusión y exclusión observados en la revista, podrían considerarse huellas de condiciones sociales de producción muy específicas que atañen al desarrollo del campo del folklore, y que permitirían comprender la constante “retórica de la pérdida” que caracteriza este discurso.

Martin Rohde

This article discusses the possibilities which amateur participation offered to the young Shevchenko Scientific Society – limited to the description of the activities of this Society in the years 1892–1914. The Society intended to develop rapidly into an academy of sciences in the Ukrainian language, but lacked the necessary resources. The existing network of Ukrainian associations in Eastern Galicia, which contributed to the development of scientific exchange, was helpful in achieving that status. Before looking into the details of research agendas, the possibilities to use concepts of citizen science are measured for the context of the late 19th and the early 20th century. The relation between ‘scientists’ and ‘amateurs’ is problematized on the basis of biographical examples of engaged scientists and activists, especially Volodymyr Hnatiuk from the Ethnographic Commission and Stanislav Dnistriansky from the Statistical Commission. In order to understand the specific relations of Hnatiuk to his network of folklore collectors, their projects, aims and possibilities, Hnatiuk’s research is contrasted with the statistical surveys initiated by Dnistrians’kyĭ. Based on their archival documentation and published sources, these research projects are analyzed together with the different circumstances between the poles of “national science” and “local knowledge”. The article suggests that Ukrainian amateur researchers contributed intensely to the nation- and region-building in the multinational Empire.

Małgorzata Łoboz

This paper is an attempt at interpreting Wincenty Pol’s poetry, popularised in the form songs. Like most Romantic writers, the author of Pieśń o ziemi naszej regarded music as a unique dis-cipline of asemantic art, i.e. the one which goes beyond popular means of communication and capturing reality in a much deeper way than linguistic articulation. He believed that music is capable of expressing the essence of irrational and abstract phenomena: idealism, spirituality and transcendence; but – as a Romantic writer – he was also aware that art should, above all, reflect emotions accompanying human existence: love, loneliness, closeness, separation, suffering, joy and tears - as an emotional reaction to being moved. Some of his poems were included in Polish culture thanks to compositions by Fryderyk Chopin (performed, among others, by Delfina Potocka), Ignacy Komorowski, Julian Kapliński, Bolesław Dembiński, Adam Mũnchheimer and other composers. The popularity of those songs is the evidence that both folklore inspirations and accompanying historical circumstances recorded them in the na-tional song-book. They represent a typical model of ‘Romantic thinking’ and prove that the ‘Lied’ genre is treated as a return to the origins of culture, thus being an excellent example of lyrical miniatures, which can be fully interpreted by means of vocal realisation.

Elahe Delshad, Mahdi Yousefi, Payam Sasannezhad et al.

Background: Carthamus tinctorius L., known as Kafesheh (Persian) and safflower (English) is vastly utilized in Traditional Medicine for various medical conditions, namely dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, postpartum abdominal pain and mass, trauma and pain of joints. It is largely used for flavoring and coloring purposes among the local population. Recent reviews have addressed the uses of the plant in various ethnomedical systems. Objective: This review was an update to provide a summary on the botanical features, uses in Iranian folklore and modern medical applications of safflower. Methods: A main database containing important early published texts written in Persian, together with electronic papers was established on ethnopharmacology and modern pharmacology of C. tinctorius. Literature review was performed on the years from 1937 to 2016 in Web of Science, PubMed, Scientific Information Database, Google Scholar, and Scopus for the terms "Kafesheh", "safflower", "Carthamus tinctorius", and so forth. Results: Safflower is an indispensable element of Iranian folklore medicine, with a variety of applications due to laxative effects. Also, it was recommended as treatment for rheumatism and paralysis, vitiligo and black spots, psoriasis, mouth ulcers, phlegm humor, poisoning, numb limbs, melancholy humor, and the like. According to the modern pharmacological and clinical examinations, safflower provides promising opportunities for the amelioration of myocardial ischemia, coagulation, thrombosis, inflammation, toxicity, cancer, and so forth. However, there have been some reports on its undesirable effects on male and female fertility. Most of these beneficial therapeutic effects were correlated to hydroxysafflor yellow A. Conclusion: More attention should be drawn to the lack of a thorough phytochemical investigation. The potential implications of safflower based on Persian traditional medicine, such as the treatment of rheumatism and paralysis, vitiligo and black spots, psoriasis, mouth ulcers, phlegm humor, poisoning, numb limbs, and melancholy humor warrant further consideration

Markov Ivaylo

The examination of social status in conditions of transnationalism is an important and fruitful topic since many of the social relations in which migrants find themselves involved in are paralleling or intersecting the social hierarchies and identities of both the destination and origin societies, ethnic communities and transnational social fields. It offers researchers good opportunity to examine the links between distribution of resources, expressions of power and dominance, representations of social identity, imaginaries of society etc. Proceeding from these assumptions, the article examines the dynamics of ways and mechanisms through which social status and prestige are gained, maintained and demonstrated among the Albanians from the Republic of Macedonia in conditions of transnational migrations continuing for decades. Three different domains are considered: the family regarding the inter-personal relationships; the community membership focusing on criteria of gaining and maintenance of reputation and prestige; and the Albanian community’s status claims and positioning in the Macedonian society in the context of Albanian-Macedonian relationships. The study is based on ethnographic research in several Albanian villages located in the regions of Skopje, Tetovo and Struga.