Hasil untuk "Engineering geology. Rock mechanics. Soil mechanics. Underground construction"

Lusha Jiang, Hui Wang, Yu Miao et al.

Polymer-modified bentonite (PMB) is much more effective at containing chemically aggressive liquids than conventional bentonite. The PMB manufacturing process typically utilizes natural, high-quality sodium bentonite (NaB) owing to its excellent hydrophilicity and swelling capacity. However, calcium bentonite (CaB), which is much more abundant worldwide, is rarely used for containment applications owing to its poor hydrophilicity. This study proposed a polymerization method that transforms sodium-activated calcium bentonite (NCB) into PMB to achieve low hydraulic conductivity (k) to aggressive liquids. The mechanism for its low k was revealed through characterization techniques and analyses (e.g. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)). The results showed that the PMB had a small amount of polymer elution (indicating better interface stability) and thus exhibited excellent barrier properties under chemically aggressive conditions, with the k of <10−11 m/s for 0.6 mol/L NaCl solution, which is four orders of magnitude lower than that of the NCB (k = 3 × 10−7 m/s). Various microscopic analyses indicated that the selected monomers were successfully polymerized, and intercalated into and grafted onto the montmorillonite layers of bentonite. The formed polymer network increased the swelling capability of PMB granules, decreased the pore size, and created narrow and tortuous flow pathways leading to a very low k to aggressive liquids.

Xiaorui Wu, Wenzhe Gu, Qingyuan He et al.

Longwall working faces are considered one of the main technological methods for large-scale coal mining projects, as they enable the extraction of more coal resources in a single operation. However, the large-scale cantilever roof formed in scenarios with hard rock layers presents significant challenges to mining safety operations. Managing the hard-hanging roof to control the risks of rock bursts and coal and gas outbursts is a key scientific issue that longwall working faces must overcome. To address this, we propose a comprehensive hydraulic fracturing technology framework for managing the hard, suspended roof, using the 51,212 working face of the Guojiawan Coal Mine as a case study. Rock mechanics tests were conducted to determine the mine’s geotechnical and geological conditions. A robust 3DEC numerical simulation was performed to develop the optimal design for hydraulic fracturing, particularly identifying the locations where fracturing should occur. Finally, a comprehensive field application of the hydraulic fracturing technique was conducted, with extensive site monitoring. The results demonstrated that hydraulic fracturing in the middle of the goaf area produced the best caving outcomes, with the roof collapsing after the longwall face retreated by 130 m. The field monitoring data—such as rockbolt stress, tunnel convergence, and hydraulic shield pressure—validated the numerical simulation results. As a result, a validated framework for hydraulic fracturing at field scale was developed, providing guidance for future engineering applications.

Xuefeng Ou, Wei Liao, Xiangcou Zheng et al.

Deep excavations in silt strata can lead to large deformation problems, posing risks to both the excavation and adjacent structures. This study combines field monitoring with numerical simulation to investigate the underlying mechanisms and key aspects associated with large deformation problems induced by deep excavation in silt strata in Shenzhen, China. The monitoring results reveal that, due to the weak property and creep effect of the silt strata, the maximum wall deflection in the first excavated section (Section 1) exceeds its controlled value at more than 93% of measurement points, reaching a peak value of 137.46 mm. Notably, the deformation exhibits prolonged development characteristics, with the diaphragm wall deflections contributing to 39% of the overall deformation magnitude during the construction of the base slab. Subsequently, numerical simulations are carried out to analyze and assess the primary factors influencing excavation-induced deformations, following the observation of large deformations. The simulations indicate that the low strength of the silt soil is a pivotal factor that results in significant deformations. Furthermore, the flexural stiffness of the diaphragm walls exerts a notable influence on the development of deformations. To address these concerns, an optimization study of potential treatment measures was performed during the subsequent excavation of Section 2. The combined treatment approach, which comprises the reinforcement of the silt layer within the excavation and the increase in the thickness of the diaphragm walls, has been demonstrated to offer an economically superior solution for the handling of thick silt strata. This approach has the effect of reducing the lateral wall displacement by 83.1% and the ground settlement by 70.8%, thereby ensuring the safe construction of the deep excavation.

WANG Kai, LIN Shuangshuang, ZHAO Wei

The complex pore structure and organic matter composition of coal significantly affect the storage and transportation characteristics of gas, and the role of soluble organic matter is still lacking in in-depth research. This study, represented by tetrahydrofuran-2-ol (C4H8O2), explores the effect of small molecule organic compounds on coal adsorption of CH4 and CO2 through quantum chemical simulations. The static potential of a single molecule was determined through quantum chemistry calculations. Detailed analysis was conducted on the adsorption heat, mean square displacement, radial distribution function, and adsorption energy distribution during the adsorption process. The results indicate that the excessive adsorption capacity of coal for CO2 is always higher than that for CH4. Organic small molecules significantly reduce the gas adsorption capacity and adsorption heat of coal, weaken the interaction between heteroatoms and adsorbate molecules, and have a significant impact on CO2 adsorption, thereby significantly reducing the interaction between CO2 and coal molecules and weakening the displacement effect of CO2 on methane. At 6 MPa, its impact on CO2 adsorption is minimal. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the occurrence mechanism of coalbed methane, providing theoretical support for optimizing pre extraction gas technology and assisting in coal mine safety and efficient production.

ZHOU Jie 1, 2, GUO Zhongqiu 1, SHI Zhenming 1, 2, LIU Chengjun 1, ZHOU Huade 1, BAN Chao 1

The centrifugal model test is an effective method to solve the problem of frozen soil engineering in a long time span. But the refrigeration end of the existing centrifugal model test devices can only control the temperature boundary, and can not form a continuous freezing wall in the soil body. In order to simulate the freezing process of tubular cold source in soil during artificial formation freezing, a set of frozen soil centrifugal test equipment using semiconductor refrigeration and controlled liquid nitrogen freezing is independently designed based on the TJ-150 geotechnical centrifuge of Tongji University. Ouring the test process, the semiconductor refrigeration equipment can realize the control of the boundary temperature of the freezing wall, and the liquid nitrogen freezing devices can realize the stable storage and fixed point transportation of liquid nitrogen. Based on this set of test equipment, a centrifuge micro-pore pressure static penetration test is carried out to explore the change rules of permeability coefficient of soft soil before and after freeze-thaw. The performance of the devices is tested under 15g centrifugal super-gravity, and the feasibility of measuring the permeability coefficient of soft clay before and after freeze-thaw by using the centrifuge micro-pore pressure static penetration test devices is preliminarily explored.

Tanmoy Das, Deepankar Choudhury

In this study, a unique approach is used to calculate the likelihood of the safety factor and permanent displacement of natural slopes under earthquake shaking. The proposed approach was constructed using probabilistic modeling of landslide instability based on the Bayesian Network technique. First, the pseudo-static factor of safety was computed, considering it an uncertain parameter. Then, the permanent displacement of failure mass was estimated through probabilistic analysis considering the effect of critical and peak horizontal acceleration. In the process of probabilistic analysis, soil and slope properties (cohesion, friction angle, unit weight, slope angle, and failure depth) and peak horizontal acceleration were considered as random variables distributed as normal and exponential functions, respectively. To illustrate the applicability of the proposed approach, a hypothetical infinite slope was adopted from past literature. The results showed that due to the event of an earthquake, the slope might experience permanent displacement. Finally, based on the variation of permanent displacement, the likelihood of landslide occurrences was estimated. Validation of the study was established by comparing the outcomes with the results obtained from the multivariate probabilistic approach, first-order reliability method, and Monte Carlo simulation. To demonstrate the practical applicability of the proposed framework, a case study of earthquake-induced landslides was taken to estimate the factors of safety and permanent displacement probabilistically. The methodology presented in this study would lead to an estimation of landslide failures by taking uncertainties into account, which would increase the safety of city dwellers.

ZHANG Xiaoyu1, , MI Tongnian2, ZHONG Zhiwu 3, ZHANG Zhipeng 3, LUO Zhangjia 2, WU Shixiong 2, CHENG Xuesong 2

Problem of vibration in adjacent buildings caused by subway train operation have become increasingly prominent. For new buildings around existing lines with vibration control requirements, vibration reduction optimization design can be carried out from the perspective of building foundation forms. A scaled physical model test method is adopted, using an excitation motor to simulate the vibration load generated by subway train operation, to study the dynamic response characteristics of soil and buildings under raft foundation, box foundation, pile foundation, and composite foundation conditions. The test results show that the soil vibration response caused by subway operation generally shows a decreasing trend along the depth direction, but there is a vibration amplification zone near the ground surface. The presence of piles has a good effect on suppressing the vibration of the soil inside the foundation. Under pile foundation and composite foundation conditions, the vibration acceleration level of the soil below the building is reduced by 6.76dB and 6.47dB respectively compared with the raft foundation. When new buildings around subway lines are sensitive to vibration, the research method and results can provide a reference for subway vibration control design.

Jan Van den Berghe, Miguel A. Mendez, Yann Bartosiewicz

Ejectors are passive devices used in refrigeration, propulsion, and process industries to compress a secondary stream without moving parts. The engineering modeling of choking in these devices remains an open question, with two mechanisms-Fabri and compound choking-proposed in the literature. This work develops a unified one-dimensional framework that implements both mechanisms and compares them with axisymmetric Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) data processed by cross-sectional averaging. The compound formulation incorporates wall and inter-stream friction and a local pressure-equalization procedure that enables stable integration through the sonic point, together with a normal shock reconstruction. The Fabri formulation is assessed by imposing the dividing streamline extracted from RANS, isolating the sonic condition while avoiding additional modeling assumptions. The calibrated compound model predicts on-design secondary mass flow typically within 2 % with respect to the RANS simulations, rising to 5 % for a strongly under-expanded primary jet due to the equal-pressure constraint. The Fabri analysis attains less than 1 % error in on-design entrainment but exhibits high sensitivity to the dividing streamline and closure, which limits predictive use beyond on-design. Overall, the results show that Fabri and compound mechanisms can coexist within the same device and operating map, each capturing distinct aspects of the physics and offering complementary modeling value. Nevertheless, compound choking emerges as the more general mechanism governing flow rate blockage, as evidenced by choked flows with a subsonic secondary stream.

Viacheslav Barkov, Jonas Schmidinger, Robin Gebbers et al.

In the field of pedometrics, tabular machine learning is the predominant method for soil property prediction from remote and proximal soil sensing data, forming a central component of Digital Soil Mapping (DSM). At the field-scale, this predictive soil modeling (PSM) task is typically constrained by small training sample sizes and high feature-to-sample ratios in soil spectroscopy. Traditionally, these conditions have proven challenging for conventional deep learning methods. Classical machine learning algorithms, particularly tree-based models like Random Forest and linear models such as Partial Least Squares Regression, have long been the default choice for pedometric modeling within DSM. Recent advances in artificial neural networks (ANN) for tabular data challenge this view, yet their suitability for field-scale DSM has not been proven. We introduce a comprehensive benchmark that evaluates state-of-the-art ANN architectures, including the latest multilayer perceptron (MLP)-based models (TabM, RealMLP), attention-based transformer variants (FT-Transformer, ExcelFormer, T2G-Former, AMFormer), retrieval-augmented approaches (TabR, ModernNCA), and an in-context learning foundation model (TabPFN). Our evaluation encompasses 31 field- and farm-scale datasets containing 30-460 soil samples and three critical soil properties: soil organic matter or soil organic carbon, pH, and clay content. Our results reveal that modern ANNs consistently outperform classical methods on the majority of tasks, demonstrating that deep learning has matured sufficiently to overcome the long-standing dominance of classical machine learning in pedometrics. Notably, TabPFN delivers the strongest overall performance, showing robustness across varying conditions. We therefore recommend the adoption of modern ANNs for field-scale DSM and propose TabPFN as the new default choice in the toolkit of every pedometrician.

Heping Xie

Important developments in the progress of the theory of rock mechanics during recent years are based on fractals and damage mechanics. The concept of fractals has proved to be a useful way of describing the statistics of naturally occurring geometrics. Natural objects, from mountains and coastlines to clouds and forests, are found to have boundaries best described as fractals. Fluid flow through jointed rock masses and clusterings of earthquakes are found to follow fractal patterns in time and space. Fracturing in rocks at all scales, from the microscale (microcracks) to the continental scale (megafaults), can lead to fractal structures. The process of diagenesis and pore geometry of sedimentary rock can be quantitatively described by fractals, etc. The book is mainly concerned with these developments, as related to fractal descriptions of fragmentations, damage and fracture of rocks, rock burst, joint roughness, rock porosity and permeability, rock grain growth, rock and soil particles, shear slips, fluid flow through jointed rocks, faults, earthquake clustering, and so on. The prime concerns of the book are to give a simple account of the basic concepts, methods of fractal geometry, and their applications to rock mechanics, geology, and seismology, and also to discuss damage mechanics of rocks and its application to mining engineering. The book can be used as a textbook for graduate students, by university teachers to prepare courses and seminars, and by active scientists who want to become familiar with a fascinating new field.

Zhongjing Hu, B. Gong, Qingbiao Wang et al.

Guangjun Cui, Chunhui Lan, Cuiying Zhou et al.

Micron-scale crack propagation in red-bed soft rocks under hydraulic action is a common cause of engineering disasters due to damage to the hard rock–soft rock–water interface. Previous studies have not provided a theoretical analysis of the length, inclination angle, and propagation angle of micron-scale cracks, nor have they established appropriate criteria to describe the crack propagation process. The propagation mechanism of micron-scale cracks in red-bed soft rocks under hydraulic action is not yet fully understood, which makes it challenging to prevent engineering disasters in these types of rocks. To address this issue, we have used the existing generalized maximum tangential stress (GMTS) and generalized maximum energy release rate (GMERR) criteria as the basis and introduced parameters related to micron-scale crack propagation and water action. The GMTS and GMERR criteria for micron-scale crack propagation in red-bed soft rocks under hydraulic action (abbreviated as the Wmic-GMTS and Wmic-GMERR criteria, respectively) were established to evaluate micron-scale crack propagation in red-bed soft rocks under hydraulic action. The influence of the parameters was also described. The process of micron-scale crack propagation under hydraulic action was monitored using uniaxial compression tests (UCTs) based on digital image correlation (DIC) technology. The study analyzed the length, propagation and inclination angles, and mechanical parameters of micron-scale crack propagation to confirm the reliability of the established criteria. The findings suggest that the Wmic-GMTS and Wmic-GMERR criteria are effective in describing the micron-scale crack propagation in red-bed soft rocks under hydraulic action. This study discusses the mechanism of micron-scale crack propagation and its effect on engineering disasters under hydraulic action. It covers topics such as the internal-external weakening of nano-scale particles, lateral propagation of micron-scale cracks, weakening of the mechanical properties of millimeter-scale soft rocks, and resulting interface damage at the engineering scale. The study provides a theoretical basis for the mechanism of disasters in red-bed soft-rock engineering under hydraulic action.

N. Trinh, E. Grøv

Many rock engineering projects today may face rock mechanics challenges such as (a) particularly complicated profile or excavation plan, (b) located near to existing infrastructure and thus pose a high risk to such structures, and (c) complicated geological conditions. In such situations, there may be no similar existing experience to lean on. Empirical methods have limitations and uncertainties in such cases. Therefore, SINTEF has developed a rock engineering tool to deal with the challenges. The tool is a combination of Investigation, Numerical modelling, and Monitoring. We use the term "SINTEF-TriPOD" for the methodology, and through projects it has proved to be a reliable tool. This paper presents the application of the SINTEF-TriPOD for two important infrastructure projects in Oslo, Norway, which are Follo Line metro project (4 billion USD) and a fresh water supply project (approximately 1.2 billion USD). Many rock engineering projects today may face rock mechanics challenges such as (a) particularly complicated profile or excavation plan, (b) located near to and thus cause a high risk to existing structures, and (c) complicated geological conditions. In such situations, there may be no similar existing experience to lean on. Empirical methods have limitations and uncertainties in such cases. Therefore, SINTEF has developed a reliable rock engineering tool to deal with the challenges. The tool is a combination of Investigation, Numerical modelling, and Monitoring: • Investigation: The investigation can be rock stress measurements before and during construction (hydraulic fracturing from rock surface, 2D and 3D over-coring), different geological surveys, drill holes, and geological engineering mappings to evaluate the rock mass quality. Obtained information is used for the second component of the "SINTEF-TriPOD" – numerical model. • Numerical model: Establish a comprehensive numerical model, normally 3D numerical model is preferred as such model can handle complicated geometry and construction plans and methods. Simulations are to be carried out in certain order with clear objectives for each simulation steps. This is done to follow the planning and construction closely, helping the project team in making correct decisions. • Monitoring: To improve the numerical model even further, stress and displacement are monitored continuously, and comparing them to the values from the numerical model. The model is calibrated, verified, and improved with the observations made in the surveillance program. This gives project team a reliable tool to help for decision making during implementation of the project.

Lisa Scheunemann, Erik Faust

The proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) -- a popular projection-based model order reduction (MOR) method -- may require significant model dimensionalities to successfully capture a nonlinear solution manifold resulting from a parameterised quasi-static solid-mechanical problem. The local basis method by Amsallem et al. [1] addresses this deficiency by introducing a locally, rather than globally, linear approximation of the solution manifold. However, this generally successful approach comes with some limitations, especially in the data-poor setting. In this proof-of-concept investigation, we instead propose a graph-based manifold learning approach to nonlinear projection-based MOR which uses a global, continuously nonlinear approximation of the solution manifold. Approximations of local tangents to the solution manifold, which are necessary for a Galerkin scheme, are computed in the online phase. As an example application for the resulting nonlinear MOR algorithms, we consider simple representative volume element computations. On this example, the manifold learning approach Pareto-dominates the POD and local basis method in terms of the error and runtime achieved using a range of model dimensionalities.

N. Sun, Xiaokai Li, Shanggao Li et al.

The surrounding rock stability of large underground caverns in a pumped storage power station is one of the most crucial problems in hydropower project design and construction. In the construction of hydropower projects in Southwest China, many underground soft-rock caverns in are excavated. Influenced by the high sidewall, high ground stress, large burial depth, and hydrodynamic pressure action, the deformation of the cavern is special, especially in terms of its soft-rock distribution. At present, most research of underground engineering on soft-rock stability focuses on small-scale tunnel excavations in homogeneous geological conditions, with limited studies on the large-scale excavation of deeply buried underground powerhouses in complex geological structures, featuring extensive soft-rock-layer exposure on the cavern wall. Therefore, it is particularly important to investigate the excavation method of and support measures for soft-rock caverns under complex geological conditions. Based on laboratory rock mechanics testing (petrographic analysis, uniaxial compressive strength tests, shear tests, and triaxial compression creep tests) and the distribution characteristics of the surrounding soft-rock layer of the proposed underground powerhouse, obtained from the survey, we discuss the excavation and support measurements. These include the influence of support measures on the deformation of the underground excavated cavern considering the inclination of rock layers, the impact of the excavation under supported conditions on the deformation of the underground cavern, and the correlation between the lining thickness and stress variation within the lining.

Luxiang Wang, Zhende Zhu, Junyu Wu et al.

In order to ensure the successful construction and stable operation of deep engineering projects, significant progress has been made in researching deep underground rockburst issues from various perspectives. However, there have been few systematic analyses of the overall research status of deep rockburst to date. In this study, a bibliometric approach using CiteSpace software (version 6.2.R3) was employed to visualize and analyze knowledge maps of 353 research articles on deep rockburst collected from the Web of Science core database from 1996 to 2022. The results show that the number of publications experienced exponential growth after an initial stage of budding and peaked in 2016. In terms of collaboration, China plays an absolute central role. The top three highly cited journals were the International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, and Tunneling and Underground Space Technology. In the keyword co-occurrence analysis, the keyword “prediction” had the highest frequency of occurrence in the past two decades, indicating it as the major research focus in deep rockburst studies. The keyword co-occurrence clustering analysis revealed eight clusters, including conventional criteria, acoustic emission, geology, seismic velocity tomography, dynamic disturbance, and others, representing the primary research topics. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the current research progress and development trends of deep underground rockburst, helping to understand the key areas of focus in this field and providing potential prospects for future investigations for researchers and practitioners.

Mohammad A. Abdelwahhab, Nabil A. Abdelhafez, Ahmed M. Embabi

Steeply dipping prograding fan deltas possess high reservoir quality facies that could be excellent targets while exploring for hydrocarbons. Due to their complex stacking nature, and limited examples, delineating their architectural elements is still challenging. In this paper we mainly performed sedimentary facies analysis; applying various disciplines e.g. sequence stratigraphy, seismic stratigraphy, GR-log motifs, and seismic waveform segmentation; so as to adequately depict the reservoir heterogeneity and quality of the Paleozoic Nubia clastics in West Esh El Mallaha Concession (southwest Gulf of Suez rift). Organic maturity prediction, to confirm the hydrocarbon charging from source units to reservoir intervals, was also of most importance in this study. Accordingly, 1D basin model was established to define the past geologic events; subsidence, and thermal maturity; and their controls on sedimentary basin evolution and associated petroleum potential. We utilized several key-information scales; e.g. wireline logs, and seismic profiles. Linking different disciplines applied in this study points to a successful integrated reservoir characterization workflow capable of unfolding ancient environments and the associated hydrocarbon potential. The results show that Nubia Formation was built during the lowstand−transgressive phase of a 3rd order depositional sequence. It encompasses fluvio-lacustrine system with eight sedimentary facies associations; form source to sink. Fluvial channels and mouth bars, settled in subaerial and subaqueous settings respectively, represent the most significant reservoir facies in the area. Given best hydrocarbon-reservoir quality, the deltaic mouth bars ought to attract attention of further oilfield development plans and be considered while investigating similar settings.

Quan Wang, Yanhong Zou

Objective In three-dimensional morphological reconstruction of complex geological surfaces, the sparse geological section data cannot meet the modelling requirements. To overcome it, in this paper, we propose a 3D geological implicit surface reconstruction method based on intermediate contour morphological interpolation at the maximum similarity. Methods Firstly, a fuzzy vertex correspondence algorithm was used to generate multiple contour vertex mapping sets of two adjacent contours of the same geological body. Then, the contour similarity coefficient was obtained by calculating the similarity degree of matching points, and the best contour vertex matching map is established based on maximum similarity matching principle; Finally, through intermediate gradient interpolation, the result is used as a morphological constraint to participate in surface reconstruction with radial basis functions (RBFs). Results Taking the practical geological section as an example, we constructed the three-dimensional geological implicit model based on morphological interpolation. Conclusion Results show that the proposed method can not only realize reasonable intermediate morphology transition between two adjacent sparse contours, but also overcome the phenomenon of excessively smooth or discontinuous surfaces caused by sparse data during implicit surface reconstruction, providing a new basis for complex geological surface reconstruction based on implicit functions.

Tom Reershemius, Mike E. Kelland, Jacob S. Jordan et al.

Enhanced Rock Weathering (ERW) is a promising scalable and cost-effective Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) strategy with significant environmental and agronomic co-benefits. A major barrier to large-scale implementation of ERW is a robust Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) framework. To successfully quantify the amount of carbon dioxide removed by ERW, MRV must be accurate, precise, and cost-effective. Here, we outline a mass-balance-based method where analysis of the chemical composition of soil samples is used to track in-situ silicate rock weathering. We show that signal-to-noise issues of in-situ soil analysis can be mitigated by using isotope-dilution mass spectrometry to reduce analytical error. We implement a proof-of-concept experiment demonstrating the method in controlled mesocosms. In our experiment, basalt rock feedstock is added to soil columns containing the cereal crop Sorghum bicolor at a rate equivalent to 50 t ha$^{-1}$. Using our approach, we calculate rock weathering corresponding to an average initial CDR value of 1.44 +/- 0.27 tCO$_2$eq ha$^{-1}$ from our experiments after 235 days, within error of an independent estimate calculated using conventional elemental budgeting of reaction products. Our method provides a robust time-integrated estimate of initial CDR, to feed into models that track and validate large-scale carbon removal through ERW.

S. Hemeda

In this study, analysis of complicated underground structure of Horemheb tomb (KV57) at Luxor, Egypt by using the software PLAXIS 3D is adopted and the deformation that occurs in the body of the underground structure after applied the failure load detected; the failure loads are obtained from the series of laboratory tests. Then, the structure is modelled by using finite element code to perform accurate three-dimensional analysis of deformation and stability in complex geotechnical engineering and rock mechanics. These underground monumental structures have been analyzed by finite element method FEM to obtain the deformation that accrued into the structure and so beneath of the surface and calculated the effective stress, shear stress and horizontal displacements. In order to modeling requires the soil parameters obtained from laboratorial tests. In the analysis elastic–plastic Mohr–Coulomb model is used as material model. It involves five parameters namely, Young’s Modulus (E) and poison’s ratio (ν) for soil elasticity, friction angle (φ) and cohesion (c) for soil plasticity. To set up the boundary condition, the standard fixities option is used. As a result a full fixity at the base and free condition at the horizontal side of geometry are generated. Numerical Engineering analysis for Horemheb tomb (KV57) in the valley of kings at the west bank of Luxor was carried out through the following four main steps: (1) Evaluation of surrounding rocks (marl limestone and marl shale) by experimental research and Roclab program to obtain the Hoek Brown and Mohr- Coulomb fit classification criterion and rock mass standards in particular the global strength and deformation coefficient. Also to specify the main characteristics of the Esna Shale using different methods such as swelling test, swelling potential, swelling pressure, in addition, discussion of the role of the expansive Esna Shale in the deterioration of archaeological buildings and sites. (2) Quantitative and qualitative estimates of the relevant factors affecting the stability of the tomb, especially overloading, fixed, geographic, and dynamic. (3) Integrated 3D geotechnical modeling of the cemetery environment for stress and displacement analysis and identification of volumetric strains and plastic points using advanced symbols and programs such as PLAXIS 3D. (4) The rapeutic and retrofit policies and techniques and the fixed monitoring and control systems needed to strengthen and stabilize the cemetery, where the rock mass classification refers to the rock mass where KV57 is excavated and it is poor rocks. The mechanical behavior of the rocks is simulated by assuming a foundational model to soften the elastic stress of the flexible plastic that captures fragile failure and the mechanisms of progressive substrate failure. In addition, rock pillar treatments and ground support strategies are discussed. This article represents the second phase of the numerical analysis of KV57 using PLAXIS 3D.