Hasil untuk "Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade"

Jochen Markard

Mohammadali Ranjbar, Hamid Reza Baghaee, Amin Ramezani

The rapid proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs) has transformed power distribution networks, making the development and optimal management of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCS) a critical concern. Integrating EVCS with Renewable Energy Sources (RES) not only reduces fossil-fuel dependency but also enhances grid sustainability and lowers operational costs. However, variability in RES generation and unpredictable user charging patterns complicate station management. Strategic siting of EVCS is vital to minimizing network losses, flattening load profiles, and improving power quality. In response, this paper offers a systematic review of recent research on EVCS planning and control, examining optimization techniques for station location and capacity, advanced planning and control models, and grid-interactive charging strategies. We assess intelligent economic charging approaches—including dynamic scheduling, prediction-based control, and real-time grid interaction—and demonstrate how multi-objective optimization frameworks can reconcile cost efficiency, stability, and energy efficiency. Drawing on the IEA's Global EV Outlook 2025 projection of over 40 million EVs by 2030 (20 % CAGR since 2020), we underscore the need for scalable, RES-integrated charging frameworks aligned with techno-economic and policy-driven targets. Finally, we identify emerging trends in machine learning and artificial intelligence applications for predictive control and chart future research directions to enhance EVCS performance and grid integration.

J. Mercure, P. Salas, P. Vercoulen et al.

A. Antimiani, V. Costantini, Elena Paglialunga

The complexity of the EU carbon neutrality policy is addressed by evaluating the impacts of the interaction among different policy instruments. An energy-economic dynamic CGE model based on GTAP utilities is developed for simulating different policy scenarios starting from a business as usual case where the economic impacts related to the COVID-19 pandemic and recovery measures are included. The instruments tested as part of the EU climate strategy are the removal of fossil-fuel consumption subsidies, a carbon pricing mechanism and the public support to clean energy technologies. The modelling approach is based on a revenue recycling mechanism to finance clean energy technologies. We find that the simultaneous implementation of all instruments under the EU climate strategy including the removal of subsidies to fossil fuels and the reuse of revenues to foster the technological transition of the energy system is a win-win solution for a sustainable and decarbonised EU economy.

Heth Sethia, Abhishek Priyam

The use of hydrogen fuel cells has greatly increased in recent years. Advanced fuel cells are efficiently addressing the needs of portable power, backup power, and even modular power fuel cells. It has also been used to power cars and other vehicles. Hydrogen fuel cells are now specialized under the name portable power modules to highlight their newly discovered vehicle-mountable outboard engines. This review also targets the other issues of handling and encasing hydrogen fuel in specialized containers. All these gaps that revolve around the modern world are intertwined with one advancing vehicle engine to fix the ever-increasing global warming levels. Challenges faced by cost, storage, and infrastructure barriers are addressed, in addition to technological advancements in catalyst effectiveness, membrane technology, and hydrogen supply logistics. The report ends with a visionary outlook, outlining research avenues to drive the shift to a hydrogen economy.

Chinedu C Nsude, Rebecca Loraamm, Natalie Letsa

Fuel subsidies have been a central topic of discussion for decades in the Global South, including Nigeria, often implemented to enhance energy affordability for the population. However, on 29 May 2023, the President of Nigeria announced the elimination of the fuel subsidy, resulting in an increase in energy and electricity costs exceeding 300%. This resulted in widespread protests nationwide, significantly affecting all sectors, particularly enterprises. Thus, this study examines the impact of fuel subsidy removal on micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), as well as their level of awareness and correlation with willingness to transition to renewable energy technologies (RETs), utilizing original survey data from 1461 MSMEs across Nigeria. Results indicate that the removal of fuel subsidies impacted 90% of MSMEs surveyed. Regarding the willingness to transition to RETs, 77.2% of MSMEs expressed a positive inclination, whereas 11.7% were unwilling to undertake this transition. The willingness of MSMEs to transition is influenced by several factors, including state of residence, geographical area (settlement), level of education, enterprise category, the role of the respondents, energy type utilized by the enterprise, and the level of awareness of various RETs. The study’s findings enhance understanding of the factors influencing the adoption of RETs among MSMEs in Nigeria and the potential to inform strategies for sustainable energy development. Furthermore, the identification of specific factors influencing the transition decision provides valuable insights for targeted interventions and policymaking.

Francis Kimilu Ng’ang’a, James Kimuyu, S. Handa

This study investigates the impact of trade barriers targeting Russia on Kenya’s food security and economic performance within the context of global trade dynamics from 2022 to 2024. Imposition of sanctions and other trade limitations on Russia because of the Russia-Ukraine war has various implications on the world markets with one of the key sectors of the Kenya economy, agriculture and energy, being among them. The main focus of this study was to determine the extent to which such trade barriers impacted on the ability of Kenya to access some essential agricultural dishes such as wheat and fertilizers and also on food prices, inflation and the stability of the entire economy. Mixed-methods design was used that unites qualitative and quantitative systems of collecting data. A total of 150 key stakeholders in the agricultural and energy sector of Kenya consisting of policymakers, industry experts and business leaders were approached through structured surveys. These surveys measured the direct and indirect effects of the restrictions on the trade on the economy of Kenya. Furthermore, 15 semi-structured interviews will be conducted with the representatives of the international trade, economics, and government policy experts, which will give a better understanding of why Kenya struggled to react to these disruptions. The secondary sources of data included the Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis (KIPPRA, 2022), International Trade Administration (2023), and the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS, 2022) and provided a historical background and cross-check of the primary research data. This paper discusses how trade restrictions affecting Russia would affect the food security of Kenya and the state of her economy over the 2022 to 2024 period. The result indicates serious grass-intellectual tensions of fertilizer and wheat imports which translates into rise in price of food more so wheat flour and inflation. The importation of fertilizers in Russia reduced by 48%, and the price of fertilizers increased by 30%. The use of the Russian wheat in Kenya resulted in huge food crises and an increase in wheat flour by 28% in the year 2022. Imports of the country into Russia dropped significantly and then in 2023, the imports rose as Kenya diversified its imports. Rising costs of fuel added to the economic hardships because they led to inflation and budget shortfalls. This has shed light on how Kenya was susceptible to international trade shocks and how the country had to strategically diversify in its agriculture policies, trade, and energy policies. One of the recommendations is that Kenya should diversify its trade relationships especially with emerging economies such as Brazil and India to eliminate over dependence on individual suppliers. Greater funding in local agricultural production in terms of better irrigation, lending opportunities, and climate-smart agriculture is important to long-time food security.

Hannah Bossi, Yi Chen, Yu-Chen Chen et al.

Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is a remarkably rich theory exhibiting numerous emergent degrees of freedom, from flux tubes to hadrons. Their description in terms of the underlying quarks and gluons of the QCD Lagrangian remains a central challenge of modern physics. Colliders offer a unique opportunity to probe these phenomena experimentally: high energy partons produced from the QCD vacuum excite these emergent degrees, imprinting their dynamics in correlations in asymptotic energy flux. Decoding these correlations requires measurements with exceptional angular resolution, beyond that achieved in previous measurements. Recent progress has enabled precision calculations of energy flux on charged particles alone, allowing data-theory comparisons for measurements using high resolution tracking detectors. In this Letter, we resurrect thirty-year-old data from the ALEPH tracker, and perform a high angular resolution measurement of the two-point correlation of energy flux, probing QCD over three orders of magnitude in scale in a single measurement. Our measurement unveils for the first time the full spectrum of the correlator, including light-ray quasi-particle states, flux-tube excitations, and their transitions into confined hadrons. We compare our measurement with record precision theoretical predictions, achieving percent level agreement, and revealing interesting new phenomena in the confinement transitions. More broadly, we highlight the immense potential of this newly unlocked archival data set, the so called "recycling frontier", and emphasize synergies with ongoing and future collider experiments.

M. Korsnes, Bradley Loewen, R. F. Dale et al.

ABSTRACT Norway exemplifies a number of paradoxes in relation to the just transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy provision. We investigate these paradoxes by focusing on key controversies from the oil and gas sector and onshore wind power. Despite the widespread interest in avoiding conflict and increasing public acceptance, this article sees controversies as useful sites for uncovering justice issues in possible transition pathways. The controversies reveal competing interpretations of just transition amidst an inadequate cross-cutting policy response. Conventional solutions for restructuring petro-maritime industries involve taking controversies out of sight from the public and internalizing the issue of just transition to the sector’s needs. This achieves only shallow engagement with broader society regarding the scope of societal transition needed to meet climate policies. Controversies around onshore wind installations are on the doorsteps of communities themselves and call attention to the difficult social aspects of transition that require a much broader public debate and policy response. We conclude that just transition should not be interpreted sectorally in competing energy futures but rather should infiltrate both the fossil and renewables sides of the Norwegian energy provision paradox. Key policy insights Policies must take stock of controversies and acknowledge and unravel them to understand justice issues rather than seek to minimize them for political expedience. Just transition policies should not be limited to directly affected sectors and locations to minimize controversies but should reach broader aspects of society to enable the deepest scope of transition (from the industrial sector to community and society). Just development of renewable energy in Norway requires consideration of procedural, distributional, recognition and restorative aspects of energy development. Energy policy targets need to be both long-term and inclusive. More attention is needed to the oil and gas supply-side and energy demand reduction to connect the energy transition with ambitious climate policies.

Huiping Wu, Zhaohan Shen, Wei Yu et al.

Lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries with ultra-high theoretical specific energy (3500 Wh kg−1) have attracted significant attention, but the sluggish electrochemical processes of discharge product Li2O2 lead to poor cycling stability. Redox mediators (RMs) as soluble catalysts are widely used to assist with the electrochemical formation/decomposition of Li2O2. However, the shuttle effect of RMs causes severe deterioration of both RMs and Li metal anodes. Herein, for the first time we synthesize a lithiated zeolite-based protective layer on Li anodes to mitigate the shuttle effect of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy (TEMPO) in Li–O2 batteries. The protective layer successfully blocks the migration of TEMPO toward the Li anode owing to the angstrom-level aperture size of lithiated zeolite. Due to the excellent redox-mediator-sieving capability of the protective layer, the cycle life of the Li−O2 batteries is significantly prolonged more than ten times at a current density of 250 mA g−1 and a limited capacity of 500 mA h g−1. This work demonstrates that the lithiated zeolite-based protective layer capable of molecular sieving is a facile and scalable way to mitigate the shuttle effect of RMs in Li–O2 batteries.

Xiupeng Chen, Lu Wang, Yuning Jiang et al.

Abstract Peer‐to‐peer energy trading enhances distribution network resilience by reducing energy demand from central power plants and enabling distributed energy resources to support critical loads after extreme events. However, adequate reserves from main grids are still required to ensure real‐time energy balance in distribution networks due to the uncertainty in renewable generation. This paper introduces a novel two‐stage joint energy and reserve market for prosumers, wherein local flexible resources are fully utilized to manage renewable generation uncertainty. In contrast to cooperative optimization methods, the interactions between prosumers are modelled as a generalized Nash game, considering that prosumers are self‐interested and should follow distribution network constraints. Then, linear decision rules are employed to ensure a feasible market equilibrium and develop a privacy‐preserving algorithm to guide prosumers the market equilibrium with a proven convergence. Finally, the numerical study on a modified IEEE 33‐power system demonstrates that the designed market effectively manages renewable generation uncertainty, and that the algorithm converges to the market equilibrium.

Tat-Dat Bui, Hien Minh Ha, Thi Phuong Thuy Tran et al.

This study is to build a causality model to implement energy security strategies (ESSs) in approaching a world-regions comparison. This study contributes to ESSs by indicating a set of valid attributes and those attributes are interrelationships in nature. There is major global interest in ESSs due to the pressure to ensure sustainable energy supply sources. An adequate energy source is decisive for ensuring stable economic growth, enhancing social development, and protecting the environment. Nonetheless, in reviewing the energy literature, generating strategic attributes is still lacking, which leads to difficulties for policymakers in building, executing, and assessing energy policies. This study utilizes a hybrid method: text mining, cluster analysis, fuzzy Delphi method, fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory, and entropy weight method. As a result, five aspects and 22 criteria from the data pool are validated. The causal model shows that the energy control system, strategic collaboration and technological capability are the priority. In practice, the effect aspects are waste-to-energy and energy resilience. Although the research trends on ESSs in different regions are quite similar, each continent still has unique concerns such as European countries with distributed energy resources, Asia and Oceania with decarbonization, African countries with new technologies, and Americas with energy planning.

Lihua Dai, Ben Wang, Xuemin Cheng et al.

Abstract This study addresses the intricate challenge of circuit layout optimization central to integrated circuit (IC) design, where the primary goals involve attaining an optimal balance among power consumption, performance metrics, and chip area (collectively known as PPA optimization). The complexity of this task, evolving into a multidimensional problem under multiple constraints, necessitates the exploration of advanced methodologies. In response to these challenges, our research introduces deep learning technology as an innovative strategy to revolutionize circuit layout optimization. Specifically, we employ Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in developing an optimized layout strategy, a performance prediction model, and a system for fault detection and real-time monitoring. These methodologies leverage the capacity of deep learning models to learn from high-dimensional data representations and handle multiple constraints effectively. Extensive case studies and rigorous experimental validations demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed deep learning-driven approaches. The results highlight significant enhancements in optimization efficiency, with an average power consumption reduction of 120% and latency decrease by 1.5%. Furthermore, the predictive capabilities are markedly improved, evidenced by a reduction in the average absolute error for power predictions to 3%. Comparative analyses conclusively illustrate the superiority of deep learning methodologies over conventional techniques across several dimensions. Our findings underscore the potential of deep learning in achieving higher accuracy in predictions, demonstrating stronger generalization abilities, facilitating superior design quality, and ultimately enhancing user satisfaction. These advancements not only validate the applicability of deep learning in IC design optimization but also pave the way for future advancements in addressing the multidimensional challenges inherent to circuit layout optimization.

Yuhao Zhang, Ru Guo, Kaiming Peng et al.

In the context of global efforts to address climate change, research into regional carbon neutrality strategies has become especially critical. For developing countries and regions, it is essential to scientifically and rationally assessing the paths for small-scale regional transformations under carbon neutrality imperatives to effectively implement low-carbon transition measures. This study utilizes Chongming District in Shanghai of China as a case to establish a framework for forecasting carbon emission and sink from a multi-dimensional natural-social perspective. This facilitates the simulation and optimization of pathways for carbon neutrality transformation. The results indicate: (1) From 2000 to 2020, the total regional carbon emission exhibited a rising trend, while the total carbon sink initially declined then increased, indicating potential enhancement zone with significant potential and space for carbon neutrality development. (2) Enhanced management of ecological spaces and land use planning result in notable increases in carbon sink. Strategic measures such as emission and consumption reductions, alongside energy transitions, effectively controlled carbon emission growth and facilitated comprehensive decarbonization. (3) By combining ecological priority with enhanced control and balanced development with enhanced control, the region can achieve carbon neutrality. This showcases the effective role of policy regulation in facilitating high-quality carbon–neutral transformations. (4) Effective ecosystem management along with robust reduction and transition strategies enable county-level carbon–neutral transformations, offering a model and methodological support for other developing regions facing the twin challenges of economic growth and environmental sustainability.

Jianya Zhao, Libing Chen, Xuhan Chen

The recent rapid growth of the new energy vehicle(NEV)industry has established it as a pivotal force in sustainable development. Yet, challenges in technology, cost, market, and policy hinder its high-quality development. Understanding these factors is essential for policy-making, fostering innovation, and guiding investment. This paper study employed principal component analysis to examine primary indicators' impact on NEV development and a grey relational model to assess various secondary indicators' significance and correlation with industry progress. The study found that while policy measures in China have persistently hampered the industry, market factors have begun positively influencing it since 2019. Furthermore, NEV indicators increasingly shape their own development, with economic factors exerting relatively limited influence. Market and economic indicators like Per Capita GDP and Carbon Trading Price exhibit strong correlations, while indicators linked to NEV characteristics such as range, fuel prices, and vehicle prices closely drive industry advancement, particularly in China's NEV sector.

François Arleo, Guillaume Falmagne

The universal dependence of hadron suppression, $R_{\rm{AA}}(p_\perp)$, observed at large-$p_\perp$ in heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC allows for a systematic determination of the average parton energy loss $\langle ε\rangle$ in quark-gluon plasma (QGP). A simple relation between $\langle ε\rangle$ and the soft particle multiplicity allows for probing the dependence of parton energy loss on the medium path-length. We find that all the available measurements are consistent with $\langle ε\rangle \propto L^β$ with $β=1.02\pm^{0.09}_{0.06}$, consistent with the pQCD expectation of parton energy loss in a longitudinally expanding QGP. We then show, based on the model predictions, that the data on the azimuthal anisotropy coefficient divided by the collision eccentricity, $v_2/\rm{e}$, follows the same scaling property as $R_{\rm{AA}}$. Finally, a linear relationship between $v_2/\rm{e}$ and the logarithmic derivative of $R_{\rm{AA}}$ at large $p_\perp$ offers a purely data-driven access to the $L$ dependence of parton energy loss. Quite remarkably, both hadron and jet measurements obey this latter relationship, moreover with consistent values of $β$. This points to the same parametric path-length dependence of parton and jet energy loss in QGP.

M. Maneyro, E. G. S. Luna, M. Peláez

We investigate the high-energy behavior of the elastic scattering amplitude using the eikonal and $U$-matrix unitarization schemes. This work extends the analysis in [1] by exploring the sensitivity of the Pomeron and Odderon parameters to the inclusion of differential cross-section data over an extended range of $|t|$.

Chidera Victoria, Ibeh, Olushola Babatunde Ayorinde et al.

Rapid technological advancements in Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) have catalyzed a transformative shift in global energy markets. This review delves into the profound impact of LNG technology advancements, exploring their multifaceted consequences on the dynamics of the energy landscape. The evolution of LNG technologies, spanning liquefaction, transportation, and regasification processes, has ushered in a new era of energy accessibility, sustainability, and market competitiveness. The burgeoning role of LNG as a cleaner and more versatile fuel source is examined against the backdrop of global efforts to address climate change. Environmental considerations, carbon reduction goals, and the burgeoning demand for cleaner energy sources are driving the increasing adoption of LNG in the global energy transition. Government initiatives supporting LNG adoption and renewable energy policies influencing its utilization are dissected to comprehend the intricate policy factors shaping global LNG consumption. Economic drivers, including cost competitiveness and market dynamics, play a pivotal role in shaping the global LNG landscape. The review assesses the economic growth and industrial demand for LNG, providing insights into the intricate relationship between economic factors and the surge in LNG consumption. Additionally, the expansion of global LNG production capacity, exploration of unconventional gas resources, and geopolitical influences on LNG supply patterns are thoroughly scrutinized to provide a comprehensive understanding of the forces steering LNG trade dynamics. The regional dynamics in LNG trade are elucidated with a focus on major economies such as Asia-Pacific, Europe, and North America. The rising demand from these regions, coupled with infrastructure developments and regulatory frameworks, underscores the intricate interplay of factors shaping LNG trade dynamics on a regional scale. Furthermore, the review delves into the geopolitical implications of recent events on LNG markets, scrutinizing trade agreements and geopolitical risks to provide a holistic view of the broader geopolitical landscape impacting LNG stakeholders. In summation, this review provides a comprehensive analysis of LNG technology advancements and their far-reaching impact on global energy markets. As technological innovations continue to reshape the LNG landscape, this review serves as a roadmap for understanding the intricate interplay of environmental, economic, regional, and geopolitical factors that collectively define the contemporary dynamics of the LNG industry.

Muntasir Murshed, M. H. Chadni, Jannatul Ferdaus

Seyed Kamal Mousavi Balgehshiri, Bahman Zohuri

The world is going towards a net-zero emissions future, and this transition is expected to have a significant impact on the global economy. The shift towards low-carbon sources and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions will bring about changes in the way we produce, distribute, and consume energy, as well as in the way we conduct business and trade with other countries. One of the most significant impacts of the energy transition will be on the industries which work with fossil fuels. On the other hand, the renewable energy and nuclear sector is expected to grow rapidly, creating new jobs and opportunities for investment. transition to a net zero energy system by 2050 should be ensuring stable and affordable energy supplies, provide universal energy access, and enable robust economic growth. this transition should set out a cost-effective and economically productive pathway, resulting in a clean, dynamic, and resilient energy economy dominated by clean energy resources such as solar, wind, and nuclear instead of fossil fuels. To achieve net-zero emissions countries will require cooperation on issues such as technology transfer, financing, and policy development. The Paris Agreement, signed by 196 countries in 2015, provides a framework for this cooperation and sets a goal of limiting global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. In this article, we will investigate which disruptive events and crises could endanger the security of supply and what long-term and cost-effective transformation strategies for transition to net-zero emissions can be imagined. and also, what are the key drivers in this transition