Como desdobramento da prática arqueológica, as narrativas partilhadas neste artigo resultaram de incursões junto à comunidade do Quilombo da Fazenda e do envolvimento de histórias relacionadas ao território. Valorizar os conhecimentos ancestrais desenvolvidos por diversos grupos sociais ao longo do tempo, assim como preservar esses saberes, constitui uma estratégia vital para o fortalecimento das comunidades e desempenha um papel social e político essencial para a arqueologia.
Palavras-chave: arqueologia afrodecolonial; Quilombo da Fazenda; Ubatuba, SP.
Diplomatics. Archives. Seals, Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
Lawrence Toomey, George Hobbs, James Dempsey
et al.
Data from observations of pulsars made by Murriyang, the CSIRO Parkes 64-metre radio-telescope over the last three decades are more accessible than ever before, largely due to their storage in expansive long-term archives. Containing nearly 2 million files from more than 400 Parkes pulsar projects, CSIRO's Data Access Portal is leading the global effort in making pulsar data accessible. In this article, we present the current status of the archive, and provide information about the acquisition, analysis, reduction, visualisation, preservation and dissemination of these data sets. We highlight the importance of such an archive, and present a selection of new results emanating from archival data.
This report, authored in 2003, presents an innovative approach to the management and utilization of audiovisual archives in the humanities and social sciences. Developed by the research team ESCoM, under the auspices of the Maison des Sciences de l'Homme (MSH) in Paris, this program predated platforms like YouTube and was groundbreaking in its vision for the digital preservation, segmentation, and classification of audiovisual content. Its objectives included creating a heritage of scientific knowledge, developing advanced tools for its annotation and reuse, and facilitating the dissemination of specialized research to a broad audience.At its core, the report outlines the development of an integrated environment that allows users to index, annotate, and classify audiovisual segments through personalized ontologies and thematic grids. The proposed methods rely on cutting-edge concepts, such as semantic web technologies, knowledge representation, and conceptual graph editing, to enable researchers and educators to create tailored archives and new multimedia resources. This forward-thinking approach aligns with modern practices of content reuse and republication, demonstrating a vision well ahead of its time.The program also emphasizes the importance of segmenting and indexing audiovisual materials based on user-defined criteria, enabling researchers to identify and highlight specific thematic or conceptual elements within a vast pool of data. By facilitating this level of granularity, the system supports personalized academic and professional applications, including multimedia presentations, educational resources, and research dissemination. It introduces tools such as enhanced media players, ontology builders, and annotation editors to make this process accessible and collaborative.Finally, the report discusses the Opales project, a collaborative initiative that exemplifies this innovative framework. The project developed a prototype environment integrating tools for creating ''hyper-documents'' and supporting multilingual, multi-platform content dissemination. Despite the technological and methodological challenges of the time, the report's vision of interactive, richly annotated audiovisual archives has set the stage for the development of contemporary digital knowledge ecosystems. Its emphasis on semantic representation and user-centric customization continues to resonate in the digital humanities today.
A Paleografia e Diplomática consolidou-se como uma disciplina central para o estudo da História e da Filologia. Esta ciência promove uma abordagem mais empírica da História e a sua importância estende-se a áreas como a Codicologia, Onomástica e Genealogia. O estudo da escrita é, por isso, fundamental para a compreensão dos processos históricos. No entanto, é pertinente questionar a extensão e os limites do estudo da escrita. A análise de detalhes estéticos e cerimoniais deve ser interpretada como um reflexo fiel de processos históricos complexos? A atribuição de um significado simbólico a uma característica gráfica poderá ser uma interpretação objetiva ou uma inferência baseada em pressupostos? A evolução caligráfica pode ser um indicador de tendências sociais?A exploração destes e de outros problemas evidencia o desafio em correlacionar a forma da escrita com o seu conteúdo histórico. A interpretação de símbolos gráficos e estilísticos pode ter razões práticas, económicas, sociais ou meramente estéticas. Os textos reunidos demonstram que o estudo e a interpretação dos dados devem sempre ter em conta a análise crítica das fontes, sem descurar, assim, o contexto histórico em que se desenvolveram e que lhes confere verdadeiro sentido. O presente volume convida-nos, pois, a refletir sobre a importância da Paleografia e Diplomática no conhecimento dos processos históricos, para os quais o diálogo interdisciplinar assume também especial relevância.
David J. Turner, Jessica E. Pilling, Megan Donahue
et al.
We introduce a new, open-source, Python module for the acquisition and processing of archival data from many X-ray telescopes - Democratising Archival X-ray Astronomy (hereafter referred to as DAXA). Our software is built to increase access to, and use of, large archives of X-ray astronomy data; providing a unified, easy-to-use, Python interface to the disparate archives and processing tools. We provide this interface for the majority of X-ray telescopes launched within the last 30 years. This module enables much greater access to X-ray data for non-specialists, while preserving low-level control of processing for X-ray experts. It is useful for identifying relevant observations of a single object of interest but it excels at creating multi-mission datasets for serendipitous or targeted studies of large samples of X-ray emitting objects. The management and organization of datasets is also made easier; DAXA archives can be version controlled and updated if new data become available. Once relevant observations are identified, the raw data can be downloaded (and optionally processed) through DAXA, or pre-processed event lists, images, and exposure maps can be downloaded if they are available. X-ray observations are perfectly suited to serendipitous discoveries and archival analyses, and with a decade-long `X-ray desert' potentially on the horizon archival data will take on even greater importance; enhanced access to those archives will be vital to the continuation of X-ray astronomy.
Large language models (LLMs) have limitations in handling tasks that require real-time access to external APIs. While several benchmarks like ToolBench and APIGen have been developed to assess LLMs' API-use capabilities, they often suffer from issues such as lack of generalizability, limited multi-step reasoning coverage, and instability due to real-time API fluctuations. In this paper, we introduce SEAL, an end-to-end testbed designed to evaluate LLMs in real-world API usage. SEAL standardizes existing benchmarks, integrates an agent system for testing API retrieval and planning, and addresses the instability of real-time APIs by introducing a GPT-4-powered API simulator with caching for deterministic evaluations. Our testbed provides a comprehensive evaluation pipeline that covers API retrieval, API calls, and final responses, offering a reliable framework for structured performance comparison in diverse real-world scenarios. SEAL is publicly available, with ongoing updates for new benchmarks.
In this paper, I study the ways in which (im)politeness strategies are used in letters sent by the Republic of Ragusa to its ambassadors in the Bosnian Kingdom during the fifteenth century. The corpus for this research comprises the Lettere di Levante collection, today kept in the Dubrovnik State Archives, Croatia. I aim to determine the politeness strategies that were used in the letters based on the Brown and Levinson framework. The paper focusses on mitigating strategies used when making requests, expressing condolences, offering congratulations and making threats. The research reveals patterns in conversational and written exchanges, whose goal is to be conventionally polite and diplomatic. This research aims to offer insights into intercultural communication in Europe, inter-European influence, and communication patterns in diplomatic discourse and might be of interest to political scientists, historians and diplomats.
The languages of Russian-Swedish negotiations, congresses, and peace treaties of the reign of Peter I have rarely been mentioned in the works covering the history of Russian-Swedish relations or foreign policy, and they have never become the subject of special research. Based on a vast set of sources deposited in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RGADA), the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire (AVPRI), and the Swedish National Archives (Riksarkivet), the article provides an overview of major diplomatic events of the Russian-Swedish relations of 1718–1724, paying close attention to the language of negotiations, peace treaties, ratifications, and correspondence. At the time, when both sides used their national language, the traditional bilingualism of the Russian-Swedish diplomatic documents coexisted with the active use of the German language as a neutral one. More particularly, this was due to the lack of Swedish translators in Russia and the fact that both Russian and Swedish diplomats were of German descent or spoke German. However, the author argues that the use of German was not obvious and had limits, as languages of diplomacy retained their symbolic meaning. Traditionally, the formation of the Petrine diplomatic system is described as a departure from tradition, the inclusion of Russia into the eighteenth-century state system, and its adaptation to the diplomatic customs of European diplomacy. A review of the Russian-Swedish diplomatic language practices shows that each side employed its language, and Swedish diplomats refused outright to communicate with Russian authorities in German. The author assumes that studying early modern European diplomacy requires a micro-perspective and regional focus. This approach could be more productive for understanding the formation and functioning of early modern diplomacy than the traditional framework of Russian integration into the uniform European diplomatic system.
Audiovisual (AV) archives are invaluable for holistically preserving the past. Unlike other forms, AV archives can be difficult to explore. This is not only because of its complex modality and sheer volume but also the lack of appropriate interfaces beyond keyword search. The recent rise in text-to-video retrieval tasks in computer science opens the gate to accessing AV content more naturally and semantically, able to map natural language descriptive sentences to matching videos. However, applications of this model are rarely seen. The contribution of this work is threefold. First, working with RTS (Télévision Suisse Romande), we identified the key blockers in a real archive for implementing such models. We built a functioning pipeline for encoding raw archive videos to the text-to-video feature vectors. Second, we designed and verified a method to encode and retrieve videos using emotionally abundant descriptions not supported in the original model. Third, we proposed an initial prototype for immersive and interactive exploration of AV archives in a latent space based on the previously mentioned encoding of videos.
As Artificial Intelligence (AI) transforms the domain of diplomacy in the 21st century, this research addresses the pressing need to evaluate the dualistic nature of these advancements, unpacking both the challenges they pose and the opportunities they offer. It has been almost a year since the launch of ChatGPT by OpenAI that revolutionised various work domains with its capabilities. The scope of application of these capabilities to diplomacy is yet to be fully explored or understood. Our research objective is to systematically examine the current discourse on Digital and AI Diplomacy, thus informing the development of a comprehensive framework for the role of Generative AI in modern diplomatic practices. Through the systematic analysis of 230 scholarly articles, we identified a spectrum of opportunities and challenges, culminating in a strategic framework that captures the multifaceted concepts for integration of Generative AI, setting a course for future research and innovation in diplomacy.
Olaytunji Olayiwola, Vu Nguyen, Randy Andres
et al.
The possibility for hydrocarbon fluids to migrate through debonded micro-annuli wells is a major concern in the petroleum industry. With effective permeability of 0.1-1.0 mD, the existence of channels in a cement annulus with apertures of 10-300 micrometer constitutes a major threat. Squeeze cement is typically difficult to repair channels-leakage with small apertures; hence, a low-viscosity sealer that can be inserted into these channels while producing a long-term resilient seal is sought. A novel application using nano-silica sealants could be the key to seal these channels. In the construction and sealing of hydrocarbon wells, cementing is a critical phase. Cement is prone to cracking during the life cycle of a well because of the changes in downhole conditions. The usage of micro-sized cross-linked nano-silica gel as a sealant material to minimize damaged cement sheaths is investigated in this study. Fluid leakage through channels in the cement was investigated using an experimental system. With a diameter of 0.05 inches, the impact of the cement channel size was explored. The sealing efficiency increased from 86 percent to 95 percent when the nano-silica concentration of the sealing gel increased from 13 percent to 25 percent. This demonstrates that the concentration of nano-silica in the sealing gel affects the gel's ability to seal against fluid flow. This research proposes a new way for improving cement zonal isolation and thereby lowering the impact of cement failure in the oil and gas industry.
Tanmay Agrawal, Narsing K. Jha, Vamsi K. Chalamalla
Air curtains are commonly employed in building applications to facilitate aerodynamic sealing against the exchange flow that occurs through an open doorway due to the density differences owing to buoyancy. Such situations often prevail due to temperature gradients across a doorway of an air-conditioned building, e.g., during the summer season in an Indian subcontinental situation. In the present study, we numerically investigate the performance of `positively buoyant' air curtains. In such installations, the density of the jet fluid is larger than the density of the fluid contained within the building space. Using the two-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (2D RANS) formulation, we compute the temperature distribution in the flow domain and estimate the associated sealing effectiveness for various values of positive jet buoyancy and operating velocities of the air curtain. These estimates of sealing effectiveness are compared with that of a neutrally buoyant air curtain to assess the influence of positive buoyancy. We report an increase in sealing effectiveness of up to 10%, whereas its peak value improves by about 5%.
How did the papacy govern European religious life without a proper bureaucracy and the normal resources of a state? From late Antiquity, papal responses were in demand. The 'apostolic see' took over from Roman emperors the discourse and demeanour of a religious ruler of the Latin world. Over the centuries, it acquired governmental authority analogous to that of a secular state – except that it lacked powers of physical enforcement, a solid financial base (aside from short periods) and a bureaucracy as defined by Max Weber. Through the discipline of Applied Diplomatics, which investigates the structures and settings of documents to solve substantive historical problems, The Power of Protocol explores how such a demand for papal services was met. It is about the genesis and structure of papal documents – a key to papal history generally – from the Roman empire to after the Council of Trent in the sixteenth century, and is the only book of its kind.
Wraz z szybkim rozwojem technologii informatycznych wiele aspektów naszego życia przechodzi cyfrową transformację. Z roku na rok w sieci pojawia się coraz więcej użytkowników, a ciągle udoskonalana sztuczna inteligencja zyskuje na popularności, co prowadzi do wzrostu produkcji informacji. In formacje te przechowywane są głównie w centrach danych, które – przy nieustającym napływie nowych treści – są zmuszone powiększać swoją powierzchnię. Łączy się to z coraz większymi kosztami utrzymania i zapotrzebowaniem na energię. W 2021 r. zużycie energii elektrycznej przez centra danych wyniosło 220–320 TWh, co odpowiada około 0.9–1.3% globalnego zapotrzebowania. Bazy danych wymagające ciągłego dostarczania energii są czynnikiem generującym około 1% całkowitej emisji dwutlenku węgla. Ponadto raportowano już, że przy rosnącym wykładniczo zapotrzebowaniu, za 10 lat ilość dostępnego krzemu klasy mikroprocesorowej nie będzie wystarczająca do przechowywania wszystkich danych. Dlatego naukowcy poszukują alternatyw dla obecnych nośników danych i opracowują nowe technologie z wykorzystaniem cząsteczek chemicznych, a w ostatnim czasie plastiku. W artykule przedstawione zostały przykłady rozwijających się technologii przechowywania danych cyfrowych w polimerach. Omówiono polimery jako nośniki danych i porównano do obecnie stosowanych rozwiązań. Przedyskutowano także, czy plastik może stać się przyszłym materiałem do archiwizacji informacji.* Praca powstała w wyniku realizacji projektu badawczego o nr. 2021/42/E/ST4/00010 finansowanego ze środków Narodowego Centrum Nauki.
Cristiane Naiara Araujo de Souza, Karla Maria Muller
Este artigo aborda potencialidades e limitações de softwares empregados na pesquisa social para coleta, sistematização, análise e visualização de dados com resgate de páginas na web (notícias). A abordagem qualitativa – pesquisa documental e análise de conteúdo – avalia 23 aplicações gratuitas retiradas do Laboratório em Rede de Humanidades Digitais, do Digital Humanities Lab e do SourceForge. Constatou-se a variedade de softwares capazes de oferecer soluções no tratamento medotológico com grande volume de dados heterogêneos, apesar das limitações quanto ao idioma e à literacia digital.
Palavras-chave: softwares; pesquisa social; notícias da web; humanidades digitais.
Diplomatics. Archives. Seals, Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
Kritika Garg, Himarsha R. Jayanetti, Sawood Alam
et al.
Upon replay, JavaScript on archived web pages can generate recurring HTTP requests that lead to unnecessary traffic to the web archive. In one example, an archived page averaged more than 1000 requests per minute. These requests are not visible to the user, so if a user leaves such an archived page open in a browser tab, they would be unaware that their browser is continuing to generate traffic to the web archive. We found that web pages that require regular updates (e.g., radio playlists, updates for sports scores, image carousels) are more likely to make such recurring requests. If the resources requested by the web page are not archived, some web archives may attempt to patch the archive by requesting the resources from the live web. If the requested resources are unavailable on the live web, the resources cannot be archived, and the responses remain HTTP 404. Some archived pages continue to poll the server as frequently as they did on the live web, while some pages poll the server even more frequently if their requests return HTTP 404 responses, creating a high amount of unnecessary traffic. On a large scale, such web pages are effectively a denial of service attack on the web archive. Significant computational, network and storage resources are required for web archives to archive and then successfully replay pages as they were on the live web, and these resources should not be spent on unnecessary HTTP traffic. Our proposed solution is to optimize archival replay using Cache-Control HTTP response headers. We implemented this approach in a test environment and cached HTTP 404 responses that prevented the browser's requests from reaching the web archive server.
Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore how the trustworthiness of digital records generated in an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system known as the government accounting and budgeting system (GABS) is maintained to support the audit process in the public sector of Botswana. Design/methodology/approach This qualitative study used modern archival diplomatics as a theoretical framework to examine the procedures for authenticating digital accounting records in GABS to support the audit process in Botswana. Data were collected through interviews and documentary reviews. Findings The study established that although GABS is not a record-keeping system, it generates digital records. In the absence of procedures, auditors rely on social and technical indicators (system application controls) to authenticate records. Research limitations/implications The findings of the study are limited to the case study and cannot be generalised to other organisations. Practical implications The findings of the study can inform the necessary measures that can be taken to ensure that digital records generated in ERPs are maintained authentic to support financial auditing processes. In addition, the paper also presents differing approaches by records managers, auditors and information technology specialists to evaluate the authenticity of records in digital systems, thus contributing to the literature about professional allies and competitors to archivists and records managers. Originality/value This paper provides empirical evidence from an original study.
Arsiparis adalah profesi yang dibutuhkan oleh berbagai organisasi, termasuk universitas. Arsiparis bertugas untuk menata dan memelihara berkas, serta memiliki tugas-tugas yang lain. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis peran arsiparis bagi organisasi di Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis SWOT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa arsiparis memiliki peluang untuk melakukan berbagai peran yaitu sebagai pengelola khazanah arsip, pengelola konten digital, penyedia informasi, peneliti, dan pendaya guna arsip bagi masyarakat. Peran-peran tersebut dapat terlaksana atau tidak tergantung pada situasi dan kondisi.
Trabalha-se histórico-conceitualmente com o desenvolvimento de práticas relacionadas à difusão e ao acesso aos arquivos, construindo um comparativo entre as realidades canadense e brasileira do ponto de vista teórico, sistematizando as possíveis relações entre esses países. Conclui-se que o acesso e a difusão estão ligados a políticas de Estado e seus dispositivos legais.
Palavras-chave: arquivologia; difusão; acesso; Brasil; Canadá.
Diplomatics. Archives. Seals, Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
Abstract We collated available satellite telemetry data for six species of ice-associated marine mammals in the Pacific Arctic: ringed seals (Pusa hispida; n = 118), bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus, n = 51), spotted seals (Phoca largha, n = 72), Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens, n = 389); bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus, n = 46), and five Arctic and sub-arctic stocks of beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas, n = 103). We also included one seasonal resident, eastern North Pacific gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus, n = 12). This review summarized the distribution of daily locations from satellite-linked transmitters during two analysis periods, summer (May–November) and winter (December–April), and then examined the overlap among species. Six multi-species core use areas were identified during the summer period: 1) Chukotka/Bering Strait; 2) Norton Sound; 3) Kotzebue Sound; 4) the northeastern Chukchi Sea; 5) Mackenzie River Delta/Amundsen Gulf; and 6) Viscount Melville Sound. During the winter period, we identified four multi-species core use areas: 1) Anadyr Gulf/Strait; 2) central Bering Sea; 3) Nunivak Island; and 4) Bristol Bay. During the summer period, four of the six areas were centered on the greater Bering Strait region and the northwestern coast of Alaska and included most of the species we examined. The two remaining summer areas were in the western Canadian Arctic and were largely defined by the seasonal presence of Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort stock bowhead whales and Eastern Beaufort Sea stock beluga whales, whose distribution overlapped during both summer and winter periods. During the winter period, the main multi-species core use area was located near the Gulf of Anadyr and extended northwards through Anadyr and Bering Straits. This area is contained within the Bering Sea “green belt”, an area of enhanced primary and secondary productivity in the Bering Sea. We also described available telemetry data and where they can be found as of 2017. These data are important for understanding ice-associated marine mammal movements and habitat use in the Pacific Arctic and should be archived, with appropriate metadata, to ensure they are available for future retrospective analyses.