Hasil untuk "Crisis management. Emergency management. Inflation"

مریم پاشاپور, علی پناهی, رضا ولی زاده

در سال­های اخیر با توجه به شرایط کنونی کشور، توجه به اصول و معیارهای پدافندغیرعامل در جلوگیری از آسیب شهری موردتوجه قرارگرفته است. آسیب­پذیری شهری به میزان خسارتی اطلاق می­شود که در صورت بروز سانحه بر اجزا و عناصر شهری وارد می­شود. این پژوهش باهدف بررسی تأثیر دو عامل مهم کالبدی و محیطی بر کاهش آسیب­پذیری شهری بر اساس معیارهای پدافند غیرعامل را موردبررسی قرار داده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شهروندان منطقه2 شهر ارومیه هست که با نمونه­گیری کوکران تعداد 383 نفر وارد تحلیل شده­اند. ابزار تحقیق پرسشنامه شهروندان است. داده­ها با استفاده از نرم­افزار SPSS تجزیه‌وتحلیل شدند. به‌منظور شناسایی الزامات کالبدی و محیطی مؤثر بر تحلیل آسیب­پذیری شهری بر اساس اصول پدافند غیرعامل، از تحلیل عاملی R استفاده شد. پس از گردآوری داده­ها و تکمیل پرسشنامه 6 معیار اساسی و مهم با رویکرد پدافند غیرعامل توسط خبرگان تحت تحلیل عاملی انتخاب و بررسی شد. نتایج نشان‌دهنده تأثیر 6 الزام اساسی کالبدی و محیطی است که عبارت‌اند از: مطالعات پهنه­بندی آسیب­پذیری و خطرات بحران و یا تهیه طرح جامع پدافند غیرعامل شهر، در نظر گرفتن برنامه­ها، مصوبات، بودجه­های عملیاتی و سیاست­های اجرایی در راستای اجرای رویکردهای پدافند غیرعامل در محیط شهر با مقدار ویژه، در نظر گرفتن تدابیری برای کاربری­های روی گسل ارومیه-زرینه رود، اقدامات و تلاش­ها در جهت افزایش الزامات پدافند غیرعامل در ساختار فضایی شهر(معابر، سازه­ها)، الزامات بهسازی و مرمت آثار و بناهای تاریخی منطبق با اصول پدافند غیرعامل، به‌کارگیری اصولی و صحیح الزامات مباحث ملی ساختمان در ضوابط طراحی شهری، سازه­های حساس و حیاتی شهر، درمجموع این 6 الزام با مجموع واریانس 71/56، کل واریانس را تبیین می­کنند.

Игорь Юрьевич Аушев, Ирина Викторовна Фомихина, Евгений Владимирович Веренич et al.

Цель. Определить микротвердость и изменение микроструктуры металлических элементов многожильных кабельных изделий с алюминиевыми и медными жилами при воздействии пламени. Методы. Металлография, дюрометрия, а также общенаучные методы исследования: анализ, синтез, сравнение и обобщение. Результаты. Определены микроструктура, размеры и микротвердость зерен медных и алюминиевых металлических элементов кабельных изделий после воздействия пламени. Область применения исследований. Результаты исследований могут быть использованы при подготовке специалистов в сфере предупреждения и ликвидации чрезвычайных ситуаций, а также в ходе проведения пожарно-технических экспертиз при расследовании причин пожаров.

Boyuan Lu, Wei Wang, Nick Jordan et al.

Understanding coastal geomorphic change is essential for advancing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through a multi-scale coastal management framework. In particular, characterization of coastal geomorphic change across multiple spatial and temporal scales can provide essential insights and context-specific knowledge that can inform and empower local communities. In this study, we present a multi-scale assessment of coastal geomorphic change in southwestern Lake Michigan in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Three spatial scales: county, reach, and transect and two temporal scales: long-term and short-term were examined using nine sets of historical aerial imagery spanning 1937 to 2020. The site-averaged long-term (1937-2020) change rates for the bluff crest, bluff toe, and shoreline were -0.22, -0.17, and -0.16 m/year, respectively. In the short term (1995-2020), the corresponding rates were -0.22, -0.15, and -0.32 m/year, indicating an increasing shoreline erosion in recent years. The coastal geomorphic changes at county, reach, and transect scales were further characterized, showing regional and localized distributions of coastal erosion in our study sites. The mechanisms driving coastal change,particularly wave impacts, were also examined to assess their correlation with coastal geomorphic change across different spatial scales. The results indicate that wave impacts influence coastal environments at certain scales more strongly than at others. Several erosion "hotspots" were examined to identify local factors contributing to severe site-specific erosion. Lastly, the spatial uniformity of coastal geomorphology was examined between the county and reach scales. Overall, the findings suggest that multi-scale analyses provide a valuable insight for effective management of coastal geomorphology.

Chintamani Bagwe

RegTech is a rapidly rising financial services sector focused on using cutting-edge technology to improve the process of regulatory compliance. RegTech solutions are characterized by numerous features and benefits that can considerably contribute to helping organizations operate effectively in the increasingly regulated environment, when it comes to compliance and risk management. This paper sheds light on why RegTech will be one of the most promising markets, driven by the rising cost of compliance and the growing reliance on technology in crisis management. Moreover, this paper will examine the advantages of using such solutions to strike a balance between compliance and operational efficiencies. This paper will deepen the understanding of regulatory compliance, introduce RegTech, and examine the benefits of using these solutions to achieve compliance.

Вячеслав Вячеславович Лахвич, Антон Владимирович Сивуда

Цель. Экспериментальное определение времени, затрачиваемого на сбор информации и последующее принятие решения начальником штаба на пожаре при аудиальном и визуальном получении информации; разработка электронного помощника начальника штаба на пожаре для cбора, обработки, передачи и визуализации данных о пожарных автоцистернах. Методы. Теоретический анализ, моделирование. Результаты. Обоснованы преимущества получения и обработки данных в виде визуализированной графической информации по сравнению с аудиальным получением той же информации о работе подразделений на пожарных автоцистернах при ликвидации чрезвычайных ситуаций. При визуальном получении визуальный сбор информации не только уменьшает время на сбор информации по сравнению с аудиальным (приблизительно в 8 раз), но и позволяет принимать решения на основе собранных данных быстрее (на 27 %). Разработан опытный образец программно-аппаратного модуля для сбора, обработки, передачи и визуализации параметров пожарной автоцистерны, таких как объем воды в цистерне, объем пенообразователя, включение коробки отбора мощности, напряжение питания в бортовой электроцепи автомобиля, геопозиционирование автомобиля. Область применения исследований. Тушение пожаров и ликвидация чрезвычайных ситуаций, на которых сосредоточено значительное количество пожарной техники.

Peng Hu

Recent advancements in low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites represented by large constellations and advanced payloads provide great promises for enabling beyond 5G and 6G telecommunications and high-quality and ubiquitous Internet connectivity to everyone anywhere on Earth. LEO satellite networks are envisioned to bridge the urban-rural connectivity gap for the digital divide. However, the digital divide can hardly be closed by only providing connectivity to rural and remote areas. Various unprecedented challenges brought by the emerging satellite Internet still need to be resolved, such as inconsistent end-to-end performance guarantees and a lack of efficient management and operations in these areas, which are referred to as "performance gap" and "management gap", respectively. This position paper will briefly discuss these gaps, approaches to addressing the gaps, and some research directions based on our recent works.

Matthew J. Schneider, Rufus Rankin, Prabir Burman et al.

The M6 Competition assessed the performance of competitors using a ranked probability score and an information ratio (IR). While these metrics do well at picking the winners in the competition, crucial questions remain for investors with longer-term incentives. To address these questions, we compare the competitors' performance to a number of conventional (long-only) and alternative indices using standard industry metrics. We apply factor models to measure the competitors' value-adds above industry-standard benchmarks and find that competitors with more extreme performance are less dependent on the benchmarks. We also uncover that most competitors could not generate significant out-performance compared to randomly selected long-only and long-short portfolios but did generate out-performance compared to short-only portfolios. We further introduce two new strategies by picking the competitors with the best (Superstars) and worst (Superlosers) recent performance and show that it is challenging to identify skill amongst investment managers. We also discuss the incentives of winning the competition compared to professional investors, where investors wish to maximize fees over an extended period of time.

Urtzi Otamendi, Mikel Maiza, Igor G. Olaizola et al.

Managing resources effectively in uncertain demand, variable availability, and complex governance policies is a significant challenge. This paper presents a paradigmatic framework for addressing these issues in water management scenarios by integrating advanced physical modelling, remote sensing techniques, and Artificial Intelligence algorithms. The proposed approach accurately predicts water availability, estimates demand, and optimizes resource allocation on both short- and long-term basis, combining a comprehensive hydrological model, agronomic crop models for precise demand estimation, and Mixed-Integer Linear Programming for efficient resource distribution. In the study case of the Segura Hydrographic Basin, the approach successfully allocated approximately 642 million cubic meters ($hm^3$) of water over six months, minimizing the deficit to 9.7% of the total estimated demand. The methodology demonstrated significant environmental benefits, reducing CO2 emissions while optimizing resource distribution. This robust solution supports informed decision-making processes, ensuring sustainable water management across diverse contexts. The generalizability of this approach allows its adaptation to other basins, contributing to improved governance and policy implementation on a broader scale. Ultimately, the methodology has been validated and integrated into the operational water management practices in the Segura Hydrographic Basin in Spain.

Bin Li, Jiayu Wan, Lin Qi et al.

Quang Bon Le

Purpose. To determine a reasonable place for installing the equipment unit for the fire-rescue motorcycle, which allows maintaining the stability of the motorcycle when driving at a speed of v ≤ 70 km/h. Methods. To calculate the motorcycle motion model Matlab was used. Findings. The methods have been developed for determining the coordinates of the center of gravity of a multifunctional fire and rescue motorcycle equipped with an equipment unit. The effect of motorcycle speed on its stability when turning around was researched. Application field of research. The results of the work can be used in recommendations for motorcycles exploitation in case of moving to the fire place.

Denys A. Flores, Ricardo Perugachi

Computer systems process, store and transfer sensitive information which makes them a valuable asset. Despite the existence of standards such as ISO 27005 for managing information risk, cyber threats are increasing, exposing such systems to security breaches, and at the same time, compromising users' privacy. However, threat modelling has also emerged as an alternative to identify and analyze them, reducing the attack landscape by discarding low-risk attack vectors, and mitigating high-risk ones. In this work, we introduce a novel threat-modelling-based approach for risk management, using ISO 27005 as a baseline for integrating ISO 27001/27002 security controls with privacy regulations outlined in the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). In our proposal, risk estimation and mitigation is enhanced by combining STRIDE and attack trees as a threat modelling strategy. Our approach is applied to an IoT case study, where different attacks are analyzed to determine their risk levels and potential countermeasures.

Soumyadip Sarkar

Portfolio management is an essential component of investment strategy that aims to maximize returns while minimizing risk. This paper explores several portfolio management strategies, including asset allocation, diversification, active management, and risk management, and their importance in optimizing portfolio performance. These strategies are examined individually and in combination to demonstrate how they can help investors maximize alpha and minimize beta. Asset allocation is the process of dividing a portfolio among different asset classes to achieve the desired level of risk and return. Diversification involves spreading investments across different securities and sectors to minimize the impact of individual security or sector-specific risks. Active management involves security selection and risk management techniques to generate excess returns while minimizing losses. Risk management strategies, such as stop-loss orders and options strategies, aim to minimize losses in adverse market conditions. The importance of combining these strategies for optimizing portfolio performance is emphasized in this paper. The proper implementation of these strategies can help investors achieve their investment goals over the long-term, while minimizing exposure to risks. A call to action for investors to utilize portfolio management strategies to maximize alpha and minimize beta is also provided.

Alicia Martin-Navarro, Maria Paula Lechuga Sancho, Jose Aurelio Medina-Garrido

Business Process Management Systems (BPMS) represent a technology that automates business processes, connecting users to their tasks. There are many business processes within the port activity that can be improved through the use of more efficient technologies and BPMS in particular, which can help to coordinate and automate critical processes such as cargo manifests, customs declaration the management of scales, or dangerous goods, traditionally supported by EDI technologies. These technologies could be integrated with BPMS, modernizing port logistics management. The aim of this work is to demonstrate, through a systematic analysis of the literature, the state of the art in BPMS research in the port industry. For this, a systematic review of the literature of the last ten years was carried out. The works generated by the search were subsequently analysed and filtered. After the investigation, it is discovered that the relationship between BPMS and the port sector is practically non-existent which represents an important gap to be covered and a future line of research.

Aditya Pribadi Kalapaaking, Ibrahim Khalil, Mohammed Atiquzzaman

The widespread adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in smart cities, intelligent healthcare systems, and various real-world applications have resulted in the generation of vast amounts of data, often analyzed using different Machine Learning (ML) models. Federated learning (FL) has been acknowledged as a privacy-preserving machine learning technology, where multiple parties cooperatively train ML models without exchanging raw data. However, the current FL architecture does not allow for an audit of the training process due to the various data-protection policies implemented by each FL participant. Furthermore, there is no global model verifiability available in the current architecture. This paper proposes a smart contract-based policy control for securing the Federated Learning (FL) management system. First, we develop and deploy a smart contract-based local training policy control on the FL participants' side. This policy control is used to verify the training process, ensuring that the evaluation process follows the same rules for all FL participants. We then enforce a smart contract-based aggregation policy to manage the global model aggregation process. Upon completion, the aggregated model and policy are stored on blockchain-based storage. Subsequently, we distribute the aggregated global model and the smart contract to all FL participants. Our proposed method uses smart policy control to manage access and verify the integrity of machine learning models. We conducted multiple experiments with various machine learning architectures and datasets to evaluate our proposed framework, such as MNIST and CIFAR-10.

Hao Guo, Wanxin Li, Mark Nejad et al.

This paper presents a hybrid blockchain-edge architecture for managing Electronic Health Records (EHRs) with attribute-based cryptographic mechanisms. The architecture introduces a novel attribute-based signature aggregation (ABSA) scheme and multi-authority attribute-based encryption (MA-ABE) integrated with Paillier homomorphic encryption (HE) to protect patients' anonymity and safeguard their EHRs. All the EHR activities and access control events are recorded permanently as blockchain transactions. We develop the ABSA module on Hyperledger Ursa cryptography library, MA-ABE module on OpenABE toolset, and blockchain network on Hyperledger Fabric. We measure the execution time of ABSA's signing and verification functions, MA-ABE with different access policies and homomorphic encryption schemes, and compare the results with other existing blockchain-based EHR systems. We validate the access activities and authentication events recorded in blockchain transactions and evaluate the transaction throughput and latency using Hyperledger Caliper. The results show that the performance meets real-world scenarios' requirements while safeguarding EHR and is robust against unauthorized retrievals.

C. Donelli, Simone Fanelli, A. Zangrandi et al.

PurposeHealthcare organizations worldwide were badly hit by the “surprise” of the pandemic. Hospitals in particular are trying hard to manage problems it caused, searching for solutions to protect the health of citizens and reorienting operations. The implementation of resilience solutions in the coping phase and the ability to react promptly and redefine activities is essential. Integrating crisis management and resiliency literature, this paper discusses how health organizations were able to cope with adversity during the crisis.Design/methodology/approachThe research is conducted through a case study of a large Italian hospital, the Gemelli Polyclinic Foundation, which was one of the leading hospitals in the Italian response to the pandemic.FindingsThe case reports actions taken in order to continue functioning and to maintain core activities despite severe adversity. The overall response of the Gemelli was the result of the three types of response: behavioral (effective leadership), cognitive (rapid resource reallocation) and the contextual reinforcement (multiagency network response). The authors highlight how an integrative framework of crisis management and resiliency could be applied to healthcare organizations in the coping phase of the pandemic. The experience of the Gemelli can thus be useful for other hospitals and organizations facing external crises and for overall improvement of crisis management and resilience. Responding to crisis brings the opportunity to make innovations introduced during emergencies structural, and embed them moving forward.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper focuses only on the coping phase of the response to the pandemic, whereas building long-term resilience requires understanding how organizations accumulate knowledge from crises and adapt to the “new normal.”Originality/valueThe paper responds to the call for empirical studies to advance knowledge of an integrative framework of crisis management and resiliency theories with reference to complex organizations such as healthcare.

Яна Александровна Кондакова, Олег Дмитриевич Навроцкий, Игорь Юрьевич Иванов

Цель. Разработка пенообразователя целевого назначения для тушения водорастворимых горючих жидкостей. Методы. В работе применены теоретические методы исследования (анализ, синтез), а также эмпирические – измерение динамической вязкости растворов полимеров, проведение испытаний устойчивости пены на поверхности водорастворимых горючих жидкостей. Результаты. Проведены измерения значений вязкости растворов полимеров и определено максимальное значение концентрации полимера, при которой вязкость пенообразователя допустима для использования насосными установками пожарных автоцистерн; разработана методика для определения устойчивости пены на поверхности водорастворимых горючих жидкостей. Область применения исследований. Полученные результаты имеют большое практическое значение и могут быть использованы при разработке рецептуры пенообразователей, а разработанная методика позволит определить устойчивость пены на поверхности водорастворимых горючих жидкостей в лабораторных условиях.

Xiangjie Cui

China's earthquake emergency management policies have experienced a total of four types of paradigms: the paradigm focusing on disaster relief from 1949−1966, the paradigm focusing on earthquake prevention from 1966−1989, the paradigm focusing on earthquake mitigation from 1989−2016, and the paradigm integrating disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief from 2016 to present. Path dependence can be found in China’s earthquake emergency management policies, which have accumulated to implement comprehensive disaster mitigation based on a pure focus on disaster relief. In addition, earthquake emergency management policies also have a change logic in which subjects are increasingly diversified, policy tools are continuously developed and influenced by the economic system, and policy paradigm changes are influenced by the international environment, national strategies, and emergencies. In the future, earthquake emergency management policies should start from organizational change, digital change and rule of law construction to promote the modernization of China's earthquake emergency governance system and capacity.