Hasil untuk "Cities. Urban geography"

Myla F. J. Aronson, F. L. La Sorte, C. Nilon et al.

H. Ernstson, S. Leeuw, C. Redman et al.

R. Fuller, K. Gaston

A. Haase, D. Rink, K. Grossmann et al.

Since the second half of the 20th century, urban shrinkage has become a common pathway of transformation for many large cities across the globe. Although the appearance of shrinkage is fairly universal—typically manifested in dwindling population, emerging vacant spaces, and the underuse of existing urban infrastructure, ranging from schools and parks to water pipelines—its essence is hidden from view. Phenomena related to shrinkage have been discussed predominantly using terms such as decline, decay, blight, abandonment, disurbanization, urban crisis, and demographic change. Amongst others, these concepts were typically related to specific national contexts, installed in distinct explanatory frameworks, based around diverging normative accounts, ultimately leading to very different policy implications. Yet there is still a lack of conceptualization and integration of shrinkage into the wider theoretical debates in human geography, town and country planning, urban and regional studies, and social sciences at large. The problem here is not only to explain how shrinkage comes about, but also to study shrinkage as a process: simultaneously as a presupposition, a medium, and an outcome of continually changing social relationships. If we wish to understand shrinkage in a specific location, we need to integrate theoretical explanations with historical trajectories, as well as to combine these with a study of the specific impacts caused by shrinkage and to analyse the policy environment in which these processes take place. The authors apply an integrative model which maps the entire process across different contexts and independently of local or national specifics; it covers causes, impacts, responses, and feedback loops, and the interrelations between these aspects. The model does not ‘explain’ shrinkage in every case: instead, it builds a framework into which place-specific and time-specific explanations can be embedded. It is thus a heuristics that enables communication, if not comparison, across different contexts. With the help of this model, the authors hope to find a way in which shrinkage can be studied both in a conceptually rigorous and in an historically specific way. Instead of an invariant ‘process of shrinkage’, they portray a ‘pluralist world of shrinkages’.

Deividson Sá Fernandes de Souza, Simone Sehnem, Patricia Guarnieri et al.

Purpose – This paper aims to provide a comprehensive literature review on the practices and challenges in managing waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in smart cities. Design/methodology/approach – A systematic literature review was conducted using the Methodi Ordinatio. Articles published between 2012 and 2022 were analyzed, totaling 149 references, of which 30 were included in the final review. Findings – Emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), big data and artificial intelligence (AI) are frequently highlighted as promising solutions for efficient e-waste management. Governance models and public policies are widely recognized as crucial for the successful implementation of WEEE management practices in smart cities. Originality/value – This study underscores the role of advanced technologies, such as IoT and AI, in enhancing urban mobility and WEEE management. Key challenges include information security, privacy, interoperability, costs and sustainability. The findings reveal a convergence between smart cities and WEEE management, fostering the circular economy and the recovery of valuable materials.

Subrata Haldar, Somnath Mandal, Subhasis Bhattacharya et al.

Abstract The peri-urban region of Durgapur Municipal Corporation (DMC) area has experienced substantial socioeconomic changes throughout the last decade (2011–2023). Most of the literature focused on urban expansion, landuse changes and industrial expansion with little attention to complex interaction between urbanization, industrialization and their effects on livelihoods and quality of life (QoL). This study examines the socio-economic transformations in the peri-urban zone of the Durgapur Municipal Corporation (DMC) from 2011–2023, emphasizing how urbanization and industrialization shape livelihoods and quality of life (QoL). The study collected primary data and used satellite-driven data for constructing several indices like the Peri-Urban Development Index (PUDI), Peri-Urban Development Transition Index (PUDTI), Livelihood Diversity Index (LDI), and Quality of life (QoL). By the systematic sampling method, the study considered 830 households with 10% marginal error and 20% non-sampling for the primary survey. Furthermore, statistical analyses like multiple linear regression and ANOVA have been applied to identify the variation in QoL across the study units. The study reveals a positive association between livelihood diversification and PUDTI, underscoring how economic diversification supports socio-economic advancement in peri-urban areas. Multilinear regression analysis highlights that demographic and economic factors especially sex ratio, household mobility, and educational opportunities are stronger predictors of QoL than land use and infrastructure improvements. Additionally, ANOVA results show that inner peri-urban areas experience more substantial QoL improvements than outer areas, likely due to better access to educational institutions, healthcare, transportation, and banking facilities, which have all seen significant upgrades. Despite these advancements, the study also identifies challenges, including displacement from traditional occupations and rising income inequality. These findings underscore the need for integrated development policies to address the diverse and complex factors influencing urbanization and the well-being of peri-urban residents, offering valuable insights for policymakers aiming to foster balanced growth in peri-urban zones.

Irfan Haider Khan, Taiyaba Munawer

PurposeThis study aims to examine the thermal performance of vertical greenery systems (VGS) in composite climates with seasonal fluctuations, focusing on their impact on indoor thermal comfort in naturally ventilated buildings during the monsoon season.Design/methodology/approachA case–control experiment was conducted in Delhi, India, to compare the hygrothermal effects of a direct green facade (GF) against a bare wall in a naturally ventilated residential building. Data were collected throughout the monsoon season to evaluate the impact on surface temperatures, indoor air temperatures and humidity levels.FindingsThe GF reduced surface temperatures by up to 16.6°C and indoor air temperatures by up to 5°C, demonstrating significant cooling benefits. However, it also elevated the indoor humidity to 81%, which influenced the perceived comfort. Despite this, the system extended the thermal comfort hours owing to the reduction in air temperatures, highlighting its potential to enhance indoor thermal conditions in monsoon-dominated regions.Originality/valueThis study addresses a critical gap in the understanding of the dual effects of VGS on temperature and humidity in composite climates, specifically during high-humidity monsoon seasons. It provides empirical evidence of the benefits and challenges of implementing GFs in naturally ventilated residences, offering insights into their role in urban sustainability and thermal comfort. These findings advocate region-specific research and strategic integration of VGS into urban design to optimize their effectiveness across diverse climatic conditions.

Everaldo Santos Melazzo, João Vitor Pavoni

The objective of this research is to analyse and understand the operation of housing policies promoted by the State in conjunction with housing producing agents in small cities, in particular those located in the Immediate Geographic Region of Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo, Brazil. To conduct the research, small cities was be considered those classified as Local Centers and Zone Centers, according to studies on the “Regions of Influence of Cities" and “Population arrangements and urban concentrations in Brazil” (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, 2008; 2016; 2020). Access to social housing was be analysed in the face of household data, the analysis of housing policies in urban territorial expansion, and how this contributes to inequalities and differentiation in small cities, in the dimension of the city and the urban. The focus on small cities is justified because they are a predominant reality in the Brazilian urban network, and because of the relations of production of space that are configured regionally.

Nina Kreibig

Das Sterben ist eine alltägliche Praxis, nicht nur in den urbanen Zentren. Doch zeigen sich aus geschichtswissenschaftlicher Perspektive erhebliche Desiderate. Obgleich seit einigen Jahren eine „neue Sichtbarkeit des Todes“ postuliert wird, verweist diese neue Beschäftigung vielfach auf Vorstellungen über den Tod und das Sterben und weniger auf Realitäten des Todes. Der folgende Beitrag fokussiert auf die architektonischen und institutionellen städtischen Strukturen, die als Topoi des Todes mit Tod und Sterben verbunden sind. Unter dem Schlagwort „Recht auf Stadt“ wird an dieser Stelle auf Ansprüche, aktuelle Transformationen und historische Prozesse verwiesen und damit die Frage aufgeworfen, welchen Stellenwert die Thematik in unserer heutigen Gesellschaft einnimmt.

Masahisa Fujita, Jacques-François Thisse

Łukasz Ćwikła

W tekście zaprezentowano problemy badawcze odnośnie do małych miast ziemi łęczyckiej w średniowieczu i wczesnej epoce nowożytnej. Na podstawie wybranych przykładów ukazano i omówiono takie trudności jak: brak ksiąg miejskich, niejednoznaczność łacińskich terminów, zaburzenia w chronologii źródeł, identyfikacja osób, odróżnienie wsi od miast o takich samych nazwach. Dokonano również charakterystyki źródeł pisanych, w których znajdują się informacje na temat małych miast. W obliczu wskazanych problemów to właśnie księgi grodzkie i ziemskie oraz rejestry podatkowe pozostają podstawowymi źródłami do badania dziejów tych terenów.

S. Hanson, G. Giuliano

K. Grossmann, M. Bontje, A. Haase et al.

John Steenbruggen, E. Tranos, P. Nijkamp

L. Bettencourt, J. Lobo

Over the last few decades, in disciplines as diverse as economics, geography and complex systems, a perspective has arisen proposing that many properties of cities are quantitatively predictable due to agglomeration or scaling effects. Using new harmonized definitions for functional urban areas, we examine to what extent these ideas apply to European cities. We show that while most large urban systems in Western Europe (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK) approximately agree with theoretical expectations, the small number of cities in each nation and their natural variability preclude drawing strong conclusions. We demonstrate how this problem can be overcome so that cities from different urban systems can be pooled together to construct larger datasets. This leads to a simple statistical procedure to identify urban scaling relations, which then clearly emerge as a property of European cities. We compare the predictions of urban scaling to Zipf's law for the size distribution of cities and show that while the former holds well the latter is a poor descriptor of European cities. We conclude with scenarios for the size and properties of future pan-European megacities and their implications for the economic productivity, technological sophistication and regional inequalities of an integrated European urban system.

L. Dijkstra, E. Garcilazo, P. McCann

S. Musterd, R. Ostendorf

Miaoxi Zhao, Xingjian Liu, B. Derudder et al.

J. Debrie, Nicolas Raimbault

A. Latham, D. Mccormack