Hasil untuk "Biography"

Hamid Naderi Ghahfarokhi

At the beginning of the revelation (Arabic: اَلْنُّزول, Romanized: al-nuzūl) of the Holy Qurʾān, men in Ḥijāz (Arabic: ٱلْحِجَاز) were allowed to marry (have a permanent marriage in) an indefinite number of women without respecting their rights. However, in the ninety-second chapter revealed (Arabic: ٱلنِّسَاء, An-Nisāʾ; meaning: The Women), men could marry a maximum of four women, provided they observed justice; otherwise, they could only marry one woman. Given the wisdom of the gradual revelation of the Qurʾān, the question arises: What pattern did the active role of the Holy Qurʾān play in establishing this limitation during its revelation? An examination of the wise aspects of the Qurʾān’s revelation and the significance of a gradual approach in cultural transformations necessitates an investigation of this issue. Analytical Examination of Various Evidence Shows: The Holy Quran institutionalized this limitation in three stages: Stage One: A wise silence in response to the prevailing culture, aiming to revive women’s status and establish the desirability of marriage through the Prophet’s practical example (Arabic: اَلْسّیرةُ الْنَبَویَّة, Romanized: Al-Sīra al-Nabawiyya, prophetic biography). Stage Two: Prohibiting new marriages for the Prophet ṣallā llāhu ʿalayhī wa-ʾālihī wa-sallama in sūrat al-Aḥzāb (Arabic: الأحزاب, meaning: the confederates, or “the clans”, “the coalition”, or “the combined forces”). Stage Three: Limiting the marriages of believers as stated in sūrat an-Nisāʾ. In this process, the first two stages set the groundwork for realizing the third stage.

Paolo Albonetti

The third son of Luigi, Alessandro (or Vincenzo) is best remembered as the father of Eleonora. Starting his career as a young and unbright primo attore, he becomes a brillante, a caratterista, and finally a generico working with his daughter. As an established actor, instead of playing major roles, Alessandro gradually slips into anonymous ‘last parts’. The remarkable consistency of the information about his biography is due to the glory of his daughter.

Leonardo Cascão

The murder of Matthew Shepard, in Laramie, Wyoming, in 1998, was the traumatic event that inspired Moisés Kaufman to write The Laramie Project. The author travelled to Laramie and built the play based on interviews with the townspeople. This essay examines the connection between verbatim theatre and biographical writing and the ways in which these connections and touching boundaries can be a valuable strategy in the depictions of personal and collective trauma, as well as forms of institutionalized and structural violence. The essay will explore the community’s relation to the hate crime committed and make clear the relation of the community with questions regarding homosexuality and homophobia. Through the analysis it will aim at rendering visible the community’s dealing with the shadow of intolerance cast over them and not just those directly involved in Matthew Shepard’s murder, while trying to distance themselves from a collective identity of brutality. The theoretical considerations carried throughout result from the attention to challenges that non-normativity poses on both individual and collective levels.

Raghad Fattah Radi

The concept of narration stems from the connotation of continuous communication through which narration is manifested as a message that is exchanged between the sender and the recipient, and that narration is an educational conceptual necessity, representing the philosophy of intellectual inclusion achieved in a direct speech to the mind, but it is encapsulated in a colorful frame that attracts the soul and attracts attention, and the graphic narration is a speech A visual based on the basis of interference and sequence of the event in weaving the elements in a consensual way through a continuous communication process that begins with the embodiment of an event - an important event - to the recipient, in which an intellectual employment of all energies and values is expressed in the recipient, and the effect and visual tension of the recipient is achieved and the interaction is reflected in terms of position and biography. The graphic narration is a visual discourse based on weaving successive events within the interrelated relationships of the components of the design structure, its construction depends on the knowledge and cultural experiences of the event designer and the degree of its influence and the rumors of a feeling reflected in building the formal configuration of the design, and the expression of intellectual contents in a visual language that may be direct (realistic simulation) ), Or indirectly (semantic symbols) or both together, up to the content of the design idea and achieving its functional and aesthetic goals

Paulina Żarnecka

The aim of the article is to compare two ways of introducing the poetics of reportage in biographical writing, using the method of comparative biography, described by Richard Holmes. The author compares two biographies of Jan Rodowicz “Anoda” by Barbara Wachowicz and Piotr Lipiński in aspects like: the use of the poetics of reportage, the selection of archival materials and the approach to it. As a result, she describes two ways a poetics of reportage can be introduced in biographical writing. The first one is described using the example of the book by Barbara Wachowicz, in which a portrait of a national hero is being constructed with archival materials provided by his own family and statements made by the members of the anti- system memory community, that were responsible for keeping the memory of the Warsaw Uprising and the post-war lives of its participants undisturbed by the state’s propaganda. The second one is represented in a book by Piotr Lipiński that uses the biography of “Anoda” to deal with the problem of transitional justice as an unfulfilled dream of Polish society. From this comparison a conclusion can be drawn that there are many ways that biographers can introduce the poetics of reportage in their writing, depending on their aims and the role they want to play in their books.

Marlene Goldman

In the autobiographical stories of Nobel Prize award-winning author Alice Munro, questions of ontology and mortality are inextricably connected to matters of space and place. Fundamental existential dilemmas expressed in Munro’s corpus – signaled by the title of her second short story collection Who Do You Think You Are? – are linked to basic questions concerning orientation. Although autobiographical fiction frequently interweaves concerns about identity and deceased parents with recollections of ancestral spaces, as the literary critic Northrop Frye famously stated, the question ‘Where is here?’ is characteristic of the Canadian imagination. It is now also fundamental to the epoch of the Anthropocene. Although critics frequently praise Munro for her skill in presenting haunting, epiphanic moments, she is less often credited for her far less conventional tendency to tell stories covering years, even decades. My paper explores Munro’s preoccupation with these vast temporal arcs and their impact on her recursive autobiographical fiction. I argue that Munro’s penchant for ‘return and revision’ in her non-fictional works affords an opportunity for her protagonists and, by extension, her readers to revisit and ponder ancestral connections and the non-human dimensions of existence, which include sublime geological features and deep time.

PAWEŁ RODAK

This article offers a comparative analysis of two great biographies of two outstanding Polish writers: Klementyna Suchanow’s biography of Witold Gombrowicz and Andrzej Franaszek’s biography of Zbigniew Herbert. This study highlights both similarities and differences between the two works. Both biographies are passionate accounts based on extensive archival material, describing in detail the writing activity and private life of both authors. However, the biography of Gombrowicz is characterized by the author’s close proximity to her subject, while in the biography of Herbert the necessary distance is maintained.

Alexis McQuigge

This article reviews Susan Carlile's recent biography of Charlotte Lennox, Charlotte Lennox: An Independent Mind. Because much of Lennox's life story, and many of her works, remain mysterious to contemporary readers, Carlile's work highlights some unique and important aspects of the life of a - at least in the eighteenth- and nineteenth-centuries, a celebrated literary minds. Carlile's work is an important and necessary addition to the study of women's writing in the period, and contributes a great deal to those studying the works of Charlotte Lennox.

Diana Mistreanu

The concept of silence is at the core of the Andreï Makine’s writing. Thus, the aim of this article is to underline its manifold manifestations in the Franco-Russian author’s literary creation. The first part of the article argues that biographical gaps are constitutive of his author image (Amossy, 2009), sincehe is the only member of the French Academy whose biography is still largely unknown, while the second and third parts focus on the narrative and stylistic usages of silence in his novels, as well as on Makine’s philosophy of creation, namely the “theory of the triple birth” (Osmonde, 2011), partially described in his texts.

John Butler-Adam

Natalia Egorovna Nikonova, Maria Vladimirovna Dubenko

<p class="x-----------1" xml:lang="en-US">The article reconstructs the history of creative communication between the German romanticist, J. Kerner (1786-1862), and V.A. Zhukovsky (1783-1852), a Russian poet, cultural and political figure and mentor of Alexander II. It also introduces the first edition of German authorized translations of Zhukovsky’s works, «Ostergabe für das Jahr 1850» (Baden-Baden, 1850), as well as a separate edition and the result of this international cooperation, «Das Märchen von Iwan Zarewitsch und dem grauen Wolf», which became popular in Germany.</p><p class="x-----------1" xml:lang="en-US"><span class="char-style-override-14">Purpose: </span>The purpose of the article is to reconstruct the context of international co-operation in editing practice between V.A. Zhukovsky, a Russian poet and mentor of the impe-rial family, and a famous German romanticist, mystic and lite-rary man J. Kerner.</p><p class="x-----------1" xml:lang="en-US"><span class="char-style-override-14">Methodology.</span> The research methodology combines culture-historical, problem-chronological and historico-genetical analysis methods.</p><p class="x-----------1" xml:lang="en-US"><span class="char-style-override-14">Results.</span> The study ascertains new important facts of Russian-German co-operation, as well as introduces new sources of fundamental importance that may play a significant role for researchers and publishers dealing with V.A. Zhukovsky’s heritage.</p><p class="x-----------1" xml:lang="en-US"><span class="char-style-override-14">Practical implications.</span> The findings allow to widen and deepen the knowledge of Russian romanticism, V.A. Zhukovsky’s creative biography and heritage, as well as the character of Russian-West-European intercultural contacts in the XIX century; the research findings can be used in teaching various disciplines of the historic-literary, translation and culturological profiles.</p>

Stefan Pohl-Valero

Objective: to show the role played by experimental physiology in the way of understanding the effects of high-altitude climates on the functioning of the human body and the possibilities of progress of the Colombian nation throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries. Content: the transformation of the concept of climate as an object of scientific inquiry is explored over the studied period. This is done by analyzing investigations on respiratory capacity, nutrition and metabolism, blood chemistry and heart function in people of the eastern range of the Colombian Andes. Conclusions: beyond an institutional or disciplinary history of physiology, this article shows that some practices of experimental physiology played a role in the process of represent­ing the Colombian nation, territory, and population. The inhabitants of the Andean highlands were understood not only in terms of race and innate abilities, but also in terms of social classes and organic transformations. The idea that there was a supposed process of “physiological de­generation”, decreasing the efficiency of high-altitude workers, was tried to compensate through a “rational diet”.

Yury Zaretskiy

The article discusses the portrayal of the author’s wife in Zhitie (Life Story), the most well-­‐known pre-­‐modern Russian autobiography written by the archpriest Avvakum (1621/2 – 1682). The main question addressed in the article is the credibility of this portrayal. Its main conclusion suggests that while searching for historical truth in autobiographical stories we should take into consideration that they were written not for us but for some other readers, and that this difference of addressees complicates our search

Andrea Gullotta, Claudia Criveller, Aleksey Kholikov et al.

S. Vilenskii, L. Babka (red.), Эхо Гулага. Рассказы и воспоминания. Ozvěny Gulagu. Povídky a vzpomínky, Moskovskoe Istoriko-­‐Literaturnoe Obshchestvo Vozvrashchenie, Národní knihovna ČR, Moskva-­‐Praha, 2013, 277 pp. Т.Б. Притыкина (Отв. ред.), Право на имя: Биография ХХ века. Чтения памяти Вениамина Иофе: Избранное. 2003-­‐2012, Норма, Санкт-­‐Петербург, 2013, 640 с. Л. Горалик, Частные лица. Биографии поэтов, рассказанные ими самими, Новое Издательство, Москва, 2013, 401 с. Е.И. Орлова, Дом у Никитских Ворот, Дом-­‐музей М. Цветаевой, Москва, 2014, 234 с. И.М. Каспэ (под ред.), Статус документа: окончательная бумажка или отчужденное свидетельство?, Москва, НЛО, 2013, 405 с. В. Умнягин (Отв. ред.), Воспоминания соловецких узников., Т. 1., Соловецкий Спасо-­‐ Преображенский ставропигиальный мужской монастырь, О. Соловки, 2013, 774 с. Б.Ф. Егоров, Воспоминания – 2, ООО Издательство ‘Росток’, Санкт-­‐Петербург, 2013, 384 с. O. Sedakova, Tri putešestvija, Novoe Literaturnoe Obozrenie, Moskva, 2013, 160 pp. G. A. Tjurina (sost., komm., pred.), “Dorogoj Ivan Denisovič…”. Pis’ma čitatelej 1962-­‐1964, Russkij put’, Moskva, 2012, 360 pp. O. Berggol’c, Diario proibito. La verità nascosta sull’assedio di Leningrado, Marsilio, Venezia, 2013, 160 pp.

Araceli IRAVEDRA

The most celebrated book of Luis García Montero, <em>Habitaciones separadas</em> (1994), includes a dramatic monologue starring the figure of Jovellanos. Far from an anectodal fact, the presence of the asturian intellectual in this point of the lyric biography of García Montero comes to ratify the importance that the enlightened tradition has acquired in the poetic system of the author from Granada, main theoretical mentor of the so called poetry of experience. Following the reading suggested by Luis García Montero, we systematize the enlightened foundations of this aesthetic trend, which would find its modern roots in some capital notions of the eighteen century doctrine. Furthermore, we attempt to show how far those enlightened categories finally conform an axiological canon and reinforce García Montero’s theoretical opinion in favour of the value of the trade as an effective intervention of the poet in the social order. Finally, we suggest an interpretation of the «El insomnio de Jovellanos» in the light of the enlightened reading of the Modernity that the poet postulates in his essayistic discourse, a Modernity aimed to the transformation of the present against the repeated decrees of the end of History.

Claudia Criveller

Introduction to the first issue of «AvtobiografiЯ».

Suriamurthee Maistry

Continuing professional development (CPD) initiatives for teachers in South Africa take on various forms, ranging from formalised, structured, credit-bearing certification programmes to informal, relatively unstructured, situated learning programmes. While many formal programmes can claim success by measuring throughput rates, there is still much to learn about how and why teachers participate in CPD programmes in the way they do. In fact, CPD planners seldom take into consideration teacher biographies and the socio-economic contexts within which teachers work. This article examines the influence of biography and context on the nature of participation and learning in a teacher community of practice. It uses data from the Teaching Economic and Management Sciences (TEMS) teacher development programme and focuses on the experiences of a novice EMS teacher as he engages with the challenge of curriculum development. Drawing on the work of Wenger (1998), Bourdieu (1992) and Yosso (2005), it is argued that cultural capital has a significant influence on a teacher’s ability to negotiate participation in a community of practice. This interpretative case study draws on tenets of symbolic interactionist ethnography (Woods, 1996) to guide the research process.

Institute of Nuclear Research

Brief biography and scientific achievements of Georgii Dmytrovych Latyshev's 100 anniversary.

Editorial Article

Creative biography of the prominent Russian scientist — the rector and the chief of pathophysiology chair of the Siberian State Medical University (Tomsk), honoured scientist of RF, academician of RAMS, professor Vyacheslav Victorovich Novitsky is presented. Main directions of scientific and social activity of the chief of one of the leading scientific schools of home medicine are shown.

Jacek Urban

A short biography of Father Beningus Wanat OCD.