This article examines how the processes of gentrification and touristification associated with the globalization of Madrid's economy have increased the existing socio-spatial inequalities in the city. Focusing on Lavapiés neighborhood, which is one of the most iconic historical neighborhoods of the Spanish capital, this article presents a mixed methods research based on both data extraction from official sources and conducting 22 semi-structured interviews. Findings show how the interplay between gentrification and touristification in Lavapiés has reinforced the process of expulsion of neighbors while local institutions promoted the neighborhood as the most cosmopolitan in Madrid. The final part of the article concludes that Madrid has moved in recent years towards a dual city model where the interplay between the gentrification and touristification of the historic center is the main driver of the suburbanization of poverty in contemporary Madrid.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
Smart city planning is crucial for enhancing urban resilience, especially with the contemporary challenges of rising urban population and climate change. This study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) to examine the integration of urban resilience in smart city planning, synthesizing the current literature to identify key components, barriers, and enablers. The study found that technological integration, sustainability measures, and citizens’ participation are critical factors to the effective development of smart cities. The review emphasizes the need for an integrated approach to urban resilience, calling for continued research and collaboration among stakeholders. It highlights how urban sustainability and resilience should be addressed within an urban system and that interdisciplinary work, stakeholder consultation, and public engagement are required. It finally suggests the integration of creativity and diversity in urban planning practices and policies for improving vulnerability to modern-day challenges in urban contexts. It concludes by outlining implications for urban planning practices and policy development, advocating for innovative, inclusive strategies to enhance urban resilience.
ObjectiveAt this stage, Beijing’s urban development has entered an era of stock renewal, and urban landscaping has also shifted from “incremental expansion” to “stock quality improvement”. In this context, the concept of the capital as a “Garden City” has emerged. It is a new idea and strategy for the high-quality development of the capital, pointing out the direction for Beijing to build itself into a “world-class, harmonious and livable capital”. To better achieve the goal of “building the capital into a large garden”, Beijing has, based on its green resource endowments, designated 15 essence areas for Garden City building. The “Xiaoxishan – Three Hills and Five Gardens” area is one of the 15 essence areas designated in Beijing. With the continuous deepening of the “government affairs guarantee function” in recent years, the “Three Hills and Five Gardens” area has entered a new stage of stock optimization. At present, a new round of environmental improvement and upgrading actions is being promoted in this region. How to align with the current requirements for Garden City building and explore pathways for the renewal and quality enhancement of green spaces in the essence areas is of great significance for protecting and inheriting historical and cultural context, optimizing ecosystem service functions, improving the overall environmental quality, and enhancing the attractiveness and vitality of the essence areas.MethodsThis research interprets the content of Garden City building and analyzes the natural and humanistic advantages that make the “Xiaoxishan – Three Hills and Five Gardens” area designated as an essence area. On this basis, this research focuses on three types of green spaces in the essence areas that are closely integrated with recreational functions, namely Yuanwaiyuan, historical gardens, and greenways, and takes them as the research object. Corresponding strategies for renewal and quality improvement are proposed in a problem-oriented manner from three aspects: overall planning of the area, meticulous shaping of nodes, and linear connectivity.ResultsBy implementing the spatial coordination strategies of “overall area planning, meticulous node shaping, and linear connection”, the research aims to enhance the quality and efficiency of regional green spaces in essence areas. The objective of overall area planning is to achieve the integration and optimization of the Yuanwaiyuan area. It primarily adopts the following four strategies. 1) Shape landscape characters in different areas according to their respective landscape characteristics. 2) Dig deep into historical and cultural information in light of the current site conditions by methods of reproducing historical features and marking historical memories to realize the expression and presentation of historical cultural information. 3) Proceeding from ecological service functions and the actual usage needs of visitors, implement the “quantity reduction and quality improvement” strategy within green spaces. 4) Improve the recreational functions to enrich visitors’ experience. Meticulous node shaping, aiming at the green rebirth of historic famous gardens, mainly adopts the following three strategies. 1) Take the surrounding environment of historic gardens as an integral part of the green base of the “Three Hills and Five Gardens”, and ensure that such surrounding environment is consistent with the overall landscape of the “Three Hills and Five Gardens” in terms of spatial pattern and landscape style. 2) Enhance the quality of the historic gardens themselves. 3) Promote the activation and utilization of historic gardens to realize the transformation from a single “garden scene” to multiple “scenes”. The goal of linear connection is to energize greenway networks, and it primarily adopts the following three strategies. 1) Upgrade and enhance existing greenways. 2) Establish a greenway network system. 3) Create distinctive brand travel routes.ConclusionThe development of green space in the “Xiaoxishan – Three Hills and Five Gardens” essence area needs to break the traditional concept of “garden” and regard different types of green spaces as organic components of the green base. By establishing a three-level spatial strategy system of “surface-point-line”, we can promote the transformation of project practice from the mindset of “protection and development of a single garden” to “integration and optimization of regional green spaces”, thus enhancing regional landscape quality and cultural value to foster the synergistic coexistence of historic preservation and contemporary urban development.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying, Architectural drawing and design
In the mediaeval Church in England, half of the diocesan cathedrals were also monastic communities; this phenomenon was virtually unique in the Church worldwide. Even after the Reformation, the monastic character of cathedrals continued to have a profound influence on the liturgy of the Church of England and on cathedrals as places to maintain the daily worship of God in solemn and musical form; to be homes for libraries and scholarship, and to be places of retreat and contemplative prayer. Norwich Cathedral was the last of these monastic cathedrals to be established (1096) and the first of the monastic cathedrals to be dissolved (1538). Particularly since the mid-nineteenth century, it has self-consciously been recovering a Benedictine character to its mission and ministry, most recently in the reconstruction of three monastic buildings lost since the Reformation: the Library reading room, the Refectory, and the Hostry. These buildings, while modern in design, build upon the remaining monastic fabric and echo the proportions and materials of their monastic predecessors, exemplifying the monastic vows of stability, obedience, and conversion of life. The Cathedral’s Benedictine principles extend to its ethos as an employer and commercial enterprise.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
Abstract Emotional hardcore and other music genres featuring screamed vocals are puzzling for the appreciator. The typical fan attaches appreciative value to musical screams of emotional pain, all the while acknowledging it would be inappropriate to hold similar attitudes towards their sonically similar everyday counterpart: actual human screaming. Call this the screamed vocals problem. To solve the problem, I argue we must attend to the anti-sublimating aims that get expressed in the emotional hardcore vocalist’s choice to scream the lyrics. Screamed vocals help us see the value in rejecting (a) restrictive social norms of emotional expressiveness and (b) restrictive artistic norms about how one ought to express or represent pain in art—namely that if one is going to do so, one must ensure the pain has been ‘beautified’. In developing this second point, I argue that emotional hardcore is well-suited (although not individually so) for putting pressure on longstanding views in the history of aesthetics about the formal relationship between art and human pain.
Vicente Díaz García, María López de Asiain Alberich
Tradicionalmente, historia, teoría y crítica son los tres campos en los que se ha movido el área de composición arquitectónica. En este artículo se propone la inclusión de la traducción (relacionada con la participación ciudadana) como un cuarto elemento que caracterice la intervención compositiva. Entendiendola de una manera amplia, rica y extensa culturalmente, vinculada al campo de las artes tales como la pintura, escultura o la música y en la que el arquitecto como compositor, vincula y establece relaciones entre partes de una manera compleja, que garantiza una propuesta de mayor riqueza teórico conceptual así como espacial y perceptiva, que el conjunto de las partes.
La complejidad del momento actual, los requerimientos sociales o las mayores exigencias a las que se enfrentan la arquitectura y el urbanismo, hacen necesario complementar la disciplina con nuevas propuestas que tienen sus implicaciones tanto en términos de dimensión pedagógica, como antropotécnica y espacial. En este sentido, se plantea la creación de nuevos perfiles profesionales que, complementando los existentes, sean capaces de abordar requerimientos como la multidisciplinariedad, o la mediación.
Se muestran tres ejemplos prácticos: desde la dimensión pedagógica un proyecto de innovación educativa (Presuparty); desde la dimensión antropotécnica los programas de participación ciudadana; y desde la dimensión espacial las intervenciones en el barrio de La Isleta, en Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. En todos ellos se requiere la figura del arquitecto como compositor o traductor, jugando un papel de mediación, complementario al del arquitecto dedicado a la historia, la teoría o la crítica.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying, Anthropology
When the dominion of the sacred is read against the light, what are the morphological and urban implications of spaces, architecture and religious presences that must give way to logics and policies that dominate them? As an interesting key study, we can analyse the demolition of the cathedral in Mondovì, a flourishing cultural centre in Piedmont, when it was decided to transform the magnificent temple into a military structure in 1573. The overall architectural and urban dimension of the building was totally transformed. The civil and religious architecture, that was consolidated in the post-Tridentine period, underwent disruptive transformations when the city was the seat of Bishop Michele Ghislieri (later Pius V). Mondovì was characterised by exceptional intellectual vivacity, if compared to other Piedmontese centers, with the university, an avant-garde typography, the Jesuit college. At a time when the choices and priorities regarding the urban vocation were renewed, new real estate and demographic dynamics were defined, linked to the resilience of religious orders and new social groups. This paper deals with the analysis and comparison between different documentary and iconographic sources, which are not a homogeneous corpus but allow the study of the religious presence in the city and the verification of urban policies. The essay also tries to focus on dynamics not yet explored and by direct comparison with other cities, in particular with Savona and its transformations after the loss of autonomy in 1528.
Architectural drawing and design, Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying
Abstract. Darma Reservoir functions as a reservoir for irrigation, fisheries, and recreational and sports facilities. Currently, it only functions for irrigation and fish farming by floating net ponds. The development of floating net frameworks was so rapid that it conflicted with reservoir management. This study aims to determine the density of the floating net framework of the sedimentation conditions of the Darma Reservoir and to determine the development of the sedimentation rate of the Darma Reservoir in relation to the service life of the reservoir characterized by reduced dead storage. The first step was carried out by surveying the presence of the number of floating net cages, the distribution of the feed, the percentage of feed demand, the carrying capacity of the reservoir, then a topographic survey of the depth of the Darma reservoir to determine the capacity, rate and volume of sediment deposits. This study used quantitative approach, it began with distributing questionnaire forms and measuring the depth of the reservoir. The current condition of floating net cages is 4916 occupying 5.819% of the inundation area of 312.15 ha with an elevation of 712.50 m, while floating net cages are allowed according to the carrying capacity of Darma Reservoir waters amounting to 1,021. tons / harvest while the spawning pond is 3.483 tons/harvest. The volume of normal active storage for elevation 712.50 in 2020 is 28.086 million m3, while the volume of sediment deposits is 9.262 million m3 32.98%, the average sediment rate in the reservoir from 1988 to 2020 is 0.2894 million m3/year, while the sediment rate in catchment area Dam Dharma with an area of 23.5 km2 of 71.873 mm/year. Sedimentation in the Darma Reservoir has exceeded the limit of the base elevation of the reservoir, the elevation of the dead reservoir and the lowest elevation, but the reservoir is still functional. The planning life of the darma reservoir is up to 50 years, the suitability of the initial planning of operations in 1970 with operations until 2020.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying, Building construction
Henrietta Palmer, Merritt Polk, David Simon
et al.
Abstract As widely attested in the literature, the evaluation of co-production is complex and unsuited to the use of conventional quality, monitoring and evaluation indicators. This reflects the uncertainties, co-contributory factors and time lags involved, particularly when seeking to assess institutional and wider societal effects of multi-stakeholder participatory processes and deliberative fora. The most widely assessed effects include the immediate outputs and outcomes of a project or activity (so-called first order effects) while wider societal or third order effects continue to be the most difficult to capture and, consequently, are the least well studied. Because of this difficulty, the intermediate, second order effects of organisational transformation and policy implementation constitute a growing challenge for evaluation. This is our focus here. After 10 years of transdisciplinary co-productive research practice, Mistra Urban Futures, as an interstitial research space bridging academia and practice working through city-based institutional partnerships called platforms, has reached a phase where some of these effects are becoming distinguishable. Accordingly, we discuss the prerequisites for co-production practitioners, including policy makers, to engage their respective organisations in transitional and incremental experimentation in order to achieve relevant institutional changes. This requires enabling infrastructures that support training, facilitation and the creation of ‘safe’ spaces to promote trust and legitimacy. These are needed to underpin the long-lasting personal and organisational commitments which are crucial to achieve transformative organisational effects.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying, Cities. Urban geography
Eglaísa Micheline Pontes Cunha, Rui Pedro Julião, Francisco Henrique Oliveira
O presente artigo resume o processo de evolução histórica da política urbana no Brasil e em Portugal, a partir dos principais aspectos do seu contexto político e respectivos marcos regulatórios. Pela análise empreendida foi possível constatar que ambos os países sofreram com o acelerado processo de urbanização ocorrido na segunda metade do século XX, com as transições e alternâncias entre os regimes conservadores e democráticos, mas possuem uma legislação urbanística nacional avançada e que prima pela eficácia na implementação de seus instrumentos urbanísticos. O desafio está na sua implementação e articulação com as demais políticas setoriais que, em sua maioria, seguem de forma independente e limitadas na sua vertente territorial, bem como no fomento de uma cultura coletiva político-administrativa territorial, envolvendo técnicos, gestores, comunidade profissional e cidadãos em geral para que conheçam e apliquem de forma adequada os instrumentos regulados.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
This article examines the evolution and the organization of francophone urban studies. Based on a review of the first twenty one issues of Métropoles, the paper examines the construction and development of this scientific field within the French scientific context and in terms of international scientific trends. Four dimensions are proposed in turn: the disciplinary balances, the objects considered, the areas covered and the methodologies followed. The paper reveals the significant place occupied by public policy analysis, which attracts many authors, notably from geography and urbanism. Since its creation, Métropoles has progressively adopted the debates and concepts that mark the English-speaking community. However, this paper reveals a limited interest for theoretical and political reflection. This paper also offers a number of perspectives which might enrich and renew cumulative research.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
<p>Desde hace décadas el concepto de Barroco ibérico hermana los estudios de esta época entre Portugal y España demostrando realidades parangonables que se explican mutuamente. El mundo de las artes, con sus peculiaridades intrínsecas a cada territorio, es una de ellas como lo es también la esfera de las relaciones sociales y religiosas a través de congregaciones o hermandades…</p>
History of the arts, Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying