Political elites often use the nation’s past to construct the nation’s present identity. In his speeches about the 2022 invasion of Ukraine, President Vladimir Putin frequently uses the Russian national myth of the Great Patriotic War to construct Russia’s present duties, values, and identity. Charges of neo-Nazism and fascism against Ukraine are made to construct the Russian national identity as one that fights proactively against Nazism. However, by using a myth set in the Soviet period, the status of Ukraine as either part of the Russian Self or constituting the foreign Other is highly ambiguous. Although cynical and deeply offensive, Putin’s use of Nazi imagery therefore has a purpose deeper than causing shock and offence.
Marilou Boddé, Marilou Boddé, Marilou Boddé
et al.
Accurate species identification of the mosquitoes in the genus Anopheles is of crucial importance to implement malaria control measures and monitor their effectiveness. We use a previously developed amplicon panel (ANOSPP) that retrieves sequence data from multiple short nuclear loci for any species in the genus. Species assignment is based on comparison of samples to a reference index using k-mer distance. Here, we provide a protocol to generate version controlled updates of the reference index and present its latest release, NNv2, which contains 91 species, compared to 56 species represented in its predecessor NNv1. With the updated reference index, we are able to assign samples to species level that previously could not be assigned. We discuss what happens if a species is not represented in the reference index and how this can be addressed in a future update. To demonstrate the increased power of NNv2, we showcase the assignments of 1789 wild-caught mosquitoes from Madagascar and demonstrate that we can detect within species population structure from the amplicon sequencing data.
In 1800, the “Grand dessein” established under Henri IV that aims at uniting the Louvre and Tuileries palaces was relaunched and the completion of the Cour Carrée was undertaken. Historiographical debates followed, with the idea of understanding better and respecting the ancient parts of these buildings. The result was that the Louvre of Lescot and Goujon could be used as a reference for the construction site, or even for everything that had been built up until Henri IV, but the contribution since Louis XIV took a back seat. This historicizing approach made it possible to finally begin the completion process.
La Revolució russa tingué inicialment un fort ressò al moviment obrer ibèric i en particular entre els anarquistes de la CNT catalana. Resulta paradoxal doncs que el comunisme nasqués a començaments dels anys 20 a Espanya com un moviment fràgil i minoritari. Aquesta feblesa era especialment palesa a Catalunya. Aquí, tanmateix, sorgí als anys 1921-24 un petit corrent de partidaris del bolxevisme al si de la CNT, que desenvoluparen una política sui generis, vinculada a altres grups anàlegs a altres països, i orientada a atreure la militància anarcosindicalista per refundar el comunisme espanyol des de Barcelona, romanent independents del PCE. En un context de depressió per a l’obrerisme a Catalunya i arreu d’Espanya, l’estratègia dels anomenats comunistes-sindicalistes fracassà i, aïllats i afeblits, acabaren integrant-se al PCE a contracor a finals de 1924. Mantingueren però un esperit independent que en gran mesura ajuda a explicar la integració de la majoria d’aquests militants a les files del comunisme heterodox i catalanista del Bloc Obrer i Camperol el 1931. Aquest article rastreja la història d’aquests pioners del comunisme a Catalunya als anys 1921-24 utilitzant fonts noves dels arxius soviètics, que permeten reconstruir els orígens del grup i entendre la seva evolució posterior.
History (General) and history of Europe, History of Spain
<i>Nandina domestic</i>a (Berberidaceae) has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of cough. This plant is distributed in Korea, Japan, China, and India This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory phytochemicals obtained from the <i>N. domestica</i> fruits. We isolated a biflavonoid-type phytochemical, robustaflavone (R), from <i>N. domestica</i> fruits through bioactivity-guided fractionation based on its capacity to inhibit inflammation. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of R isolated from <i>N. domestica</i> has not yet been studied. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activities of R using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. We have shown that R reduces the production of nitric oxide (NO), pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and IL-6. Western blot analysis showed that R suppresses the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and downregulates the expression of LPS-induced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and the phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated kinases (pERK 1/2). Moreover, R inhibited IL-8 release in LPS-induced human colonic epithelial cells (HT-29). These results suggest that R could be a potential therapeutic candidate for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Entre Astana (Kazajistán) en 2017 y Sochi (Abjasia) al año siguiente, se conformó una triple alianza que agrupaba a Rusia, Irán y Turquía, en torno a los intentos de resolución diplomática de la guerra civil siria. Sin embargo, el evento posee unas raíces propias que arrancan de los diversos momentos y situaciones en los cuales cada uno de los protagonistas se enfrentó a la fallida política estratégica de los Estados Unidos en la zona eurasiática a partir de 1991; e incluso antes, al menos en el caso iraní.
Tradicionalmente los estudios referidos al movimiento de derechos humanos argentino se centraron sobre un conjunto de organizaciones que resistieron a la última dictadura militar (1976-1983), desvinculadas de las luchas políticas del pasado. En este artículo examino las estrategias que tomó el Partido Comunista argentino y sus organizaciones de masas –la Liga Argentina por los Derechos del Hombre y la Unión de Mujeres Argentinas– frente a la represión de la última dictadura militar (1976-1983) y los vínculos que generó con el movimiento de derechos humanos, como espacio político de referencia. En esta ocasión, se puso especial atención en el espacio regional de la provincia de Santa Fe, particularmente en Rosario.
1789-, Labor in politics. Political activity of the working class
The article aims at analyzing gender relations in a Muslim society such as Afghanistan in view of the book The Bookseller of Cabul. The theoretical framework is based on the concept of gender, the concept of citizenship proposed by Marshall, and the definition of symbolic violence given by the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. Finding show that in strongly patriarchal cultures, women lack basic citizenship rights - civil rights in particular, becoming symbolic goods available for purchase.
This article describes the beginning of the influence of behavioral economics on the Dutch government. This started in the period that the UK started with its Behavioral Insights Team (BIT UK). The article presents explanation of the concept “nudging” and the way this is integrated in Dutch policy. Also leading publications and examples of how behavioral economics is used in policy making are presented. The advice of the government in 2014 on how to ensure a structural integration of behavioral science knowledge in policy is part of the next step. The next step contains two main parts: 1. How to nudge policy makers and 2. Embedding nudges in policy making on four aspects: positioning, projects, performance and professionality.
A les acaballes de franquisme, l’empresonament dels opositors a la dictadura va esdevenir un dels símbols més clars del seu caràcter totalitari. A dins de les presons però, els presos polítics van resistir augmentant la intensitat de la seva praxi política. A partir de 1977, quan gràcies a les amnisties aquests presos siguin alliberats, els presos comuns prendran el relleu de la mobilització i adquiriran protagonisme en la reivindicació dels seus drets. Com a resposta a la greu problemàtica penitenciària que els presos comuns havien posat de manifest, l’Estat va aprovar una reforma de la legislació penitenciària, però aquesta no va comportar una millora de la situació. Al contrari, durant els primers anys de la democràcia, les presons van estar marcades per les mancances materials, l’augment desmesurat de població reclusa i la perpetuació d’un nou tipus de violència interpersonal.
History (General) and history of Europe, History of Spain
RESEÑA de : Larrinaga, Carlos: Diputaciones provinciales e infraestructuras en el País Vasco durante el primer tercio del siglo XX (1900–1936). Bilbao: Universidad del País Vasco, 2013.
History (General) and history of Europe, History (General)
Neste artigo nos propomos em debater a reorganização do Estado para o acolchoamento do ideário liberal que orienta os movimentos político-econômicos e social pós-revolução de 1789, na Europa. O ensaio mapeará as teses de três importantes teóricos deste período que justificam a elaboração de um programa para a reorientação político- jurídico e social com vistas a dirimir os inúmeros conflitos e instabilidades que norteiam o novo regime de governo que se instala.