Hasil untuk "Philosophy. Psychology. Religion"

Ejike Akpa

A. V. Volodina

E. S. Sycheva, V. M. Alpatov

This paper is an interview with Vladimir M. Alpatov, Doctor of Philology, full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, distinguished linguist, and expert on Japanese studies. The focus of the interview is intercultural communication and the problems associated with translating languages and cultural realities. The difference between cultures makes it necessary to provide extensive commentaries to make the text comprehensive to foreign readers. Though, Vladimir M. Alpatov notes, the comments depend on the purposes and types of translation, such as academic or literary translation. Symbols are part of a greater symbolic and cultural system. Often it is not the symbol but one’s attitude towards the object that causes misunderstanding and requires clarification. Vladimir A. Alpatov gives many examples of how the Japanese view and treat life differently from Russian people. Many discrepancies come from domestic life and economic practices: the Japanese are less knowledgeable about cattle than many other nations. At the same time, insects that are found all around the world receive special treatment and admiration. Vladimir A. Alpatov makes a critical point on the absence of a proper method of studying cultural differences. We observe and list numerous cultural differences, but explanations and theories we come up with have no solid methodological basis. Another topic discussed is machine translation and AI Linguistics used to be considered exact science that implied the possibility of machine translation not assisted by humans. However, it did not happen yet, and the need for human-to-human translation or post-editing is obvious. With literary translation and translation from unrelated languages, the case against AI is stronger — human intuition in translating cultural specifics is indispensable, and various translations rather than a single canonic one should be welcome. Differentiation of sciences brought about cultural studies and linguistic-cultural studies that finally embraced the study of language as one of the vital elements of culture. Today many students study foreign languages and are interested in intercultural communication. They need to learn that we can overcome bias and prejudices through personal contact. One more way to promote a different vision of one’s culture and country — is to speak about it in an understandable language, for example, on the Internet.

D. D. Pyzikov

The article is devoted to the first stage of the life and work of the scientist and researcher of minority religious groups, V.D. Bonch-Bruyevich (1873-1955). This choice is not accidental, since the beginning of the scientist’s creative and research journey is inextricably linked with his development as an individual and personality, his human qualities, desires and aspirations. Based on the methodology of intellectual history, the article attempts to reconstruct the history of the life and work of Bonch-Bruyevich. Thanks to the friendship with V.I. Lenin and active revolutionary activities, an important role was played by organizational work, as well as propaganda (from the early years of the 20th century, when he was an editor, publisher and employee of social democratic and Bolshevik newspapers and magazines). V.D. Bonch-Bruyevich entered the nomenklatura elite of the new state and in 1918 occupied the position of business manager of the Council of People’s Commissars. But unlike many activists of the revolutionary movement who before the revolution of 1917 perceived representatives of minority religious groups as «companions», he defended the believers’ rights to freedom of conscience before and after the revolution. At the same time, Bonch-Bruyevich never left his scientific activity and continued to practise until his last days, combining organizational and scientific work. His huge contribution to the study of religion in Russia and the formation of Soviet religious studies can not be overestimated. Studying the life and work of Bonch-Bruyevich, like other researchers of the Soviet period, is quite important, especially in the context of modern debates about Soviet humanities.

L. A. Agrba

The article observes public speaking skills as a socio-cultural phenomenon in the traditional Abkhaz society at national and individual levels. The topicality of the study lies in analyzing certain functions and genre modifications of oratory tradition among Abkhazians. In our considered opinion, public speaking is an integral element of the life of Abkhaz people, an essential phenomenon for understanding the Abkhazian worldview, their culture and attitude to reality. Such analysis might be vital for the reconstruction of a holistic «portrait» of the Abkhazian ethnicity, understanding the character, intentions, mentality of its representatives. The aim of the study is to analyze the specific functions of oratory tradition for the Abkhaz society. The task is to classify its main functions; to consider genre modifications of oratory tradition aimed at harmonization of the society; to determine the role and importance of the speaker in the traditional Abkhaz society. On the basis of the research conducted, the author comes to the conclusion that in a traditional Abkhaz society is oratory performed a number of socially significant regulatory and ideological functions, namely, ordered intercultural interactions, coordinated the resolution of political and socially important issues, worked as a value-regulating mechanism. At an individual level, by mastering the art of speaking in public, Abkhazians realized natural social needs, the need for communication, socialization and creative activities.

Eugene Thomas Long

W. O. Carver

Alois Gruber

Pamela Sue Anderson

Robert Boyd, Society for Indian Philosophy and Religion

Gaius F. McIntosh

Eugene Thomas Long

George J. Marshall, Philosophy Documentation Center