Hasil untuk "Veterinary medicine"

Yu Zhang, Yichao Zhai, Qin Zhang et al.

Abstract Locoweed toxicity is attributed to swainsonine-producing endophytic fungus Alternaria oxytropis, yet the broader ecological significance of fungal metabolites beyond swainsonine remains poorly understood. Here, we integrated untargeted metabolomics with biochemical assays to compare the effects on the plant of the wild-type Alternaria oxytropis endophyte with endophyte-free plants and plants colonised by swnR-silenced strains. Across four symbiotic systems, 3,008 metabolites were identified, with significant alterations enriched in terpenoid backbone, flavonoid, and amino acid metabolism. Fungal-colonized plants exhibited elevated accumulation of sesquiterpene lactones and flavonoid glycosides—metabolites with known allelopathic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant functions. Notably, swnR-silenced symbionts maintained enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity, particularly catalase, despite a marked reduction in swainsonine levels. Growth parameters remained unaffected, indicating that metabolic reprogramming occurred without fitness costs. Our findings reveal that A. oxytropis endophytes modulate host secondary metabolism and oxidative defense independently of swainsonine biosynthesis. This dual role—conferring toxicity while enhancing ecological competitiveness—offers new insight into locoweed persistence and provides a potential strategy for mitigating toxicity while preserving adaptive benefits in host–endophyte symbiosis.

Abdullah Al Faruq, Oky Setyo Widodo, Mitsuhiro Takagi et al.

Reproductive failure in cattle production is a global concern and is influenced by various factors, including genetic alterations. This study explored the relationship between an X-linked single-nucleotide variant (NC_037357.1: g.87298881A>G, rs135720414) in the upstream of the bovine forkhead box P3 (<i>FOXP3</i>) gene and infertility. To this end, we examined the genotypes of the variant in old Asian cattle breeds, including 48 Bali and 5 Jaliteng cattle, and 20 water buffaloes, which have recently shown subclinical signs of infertility and repeated breeding problems among populations in Indonesia. We also examined the genotypes in 69 parous and 39 non-parous Holstein Friesian (HF) cows and investigated the relationship between the genotypes and serum concentration of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). The G allele frequency was markedly high in Bali (0.944) and Jaliteng cattle (0.714), and water buffaloes (1), suggesting that the G allele may be originally a wild-type variant in old Asian cattle and buffaloes. In HF cows, the G allele frequency was moderately high, and the AMH concentration was significantly lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in parous cows carrying the G allele (A/G and G/G genotypes) than in parous cows with the A/A genotype. In contrast, there were no significant differences in AMH concentrations among the three genotypes of non-parous HF cows. This suggests that both G allele and aging are associated with infertility in HF cows. In conclusion, the G allele of the <i>FOXP3</i> gene variant may potentially be associated with infertility in different bovine breeds and species. Therefore, special attention should be paid to this variant, and infertility in bovine herds may be improved by selection and/or introduction of the A allele.

Miguel González-Lozano, José Alberto Cano-Buendía

Background and Aim: Chitosan-based DNA nanoparticles have emerged as a promising next-generation platform for veterinary vaccines, addressing several limitations of conventional attenuated, inactivated, and recombinant formulations. Chitosan is a biodegradable, biocompatible, and low toxicity polymer with mucoadhesive properties that enhance cellular uptake and protect nucleic acids from enzymatic degradation. These characteristics make it an attractive candidate for delivering plasmid DNA encoding viral antigens across diverse animal species. Recent advances demonstrate that chitosan–DNA nanoparticles can induce robust humoral and cellular immune responses, stimulate mucosal immunity, and achieve high levels of protection in terrestrial livestock, poultry, fish, and crustaceans. A wide range of viral pathogens has been targeted using this approach, including Foot-and-Mouth disease virus, Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, spring viremia of carp virus, white spot syndrome virus, and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. Depending on the species and formulation strategy, nanoparticles have been successfully administered intranasally, intramuscularly, intraperitoneally, or orally, highlighting their versatility for mass vaccination in both terrestrial and aquatic systems. Reported protection rates range from 60% to 100% in mammalian and avian models, while oral nanoparticle vaccines in shrimp and fish have demonstrated sustained immune activation and survival benefits. The ability to incorporate genetic adjuvants, such as cytosine-phosphate-guanine motifs, cytokines, or complement fragments, further enhances the immunogenicity of these platforms. Despite these promising results, several challenges remain. Most studies use small laboratory animals or controlled experimental settings, and data from large-scale field trials in cattle, pigs, and equines remain scarce. The stability of nanoparticle formulations during long-term storage, the scalability of manufacturing processes, and the standardization of dosing regimens require further investigation. Overall, chitosan–DNA nanoparticles represent a safe, flexible, and rapidly adaptable vaccine carrier system with significant potential to transform veterinary immunization. Their capacity to elicit mucosal and systemic immunity, enable needle-free delivery, and support DIVA-compatible vaccine design positions them as a valuable tool for controlling emerging and re-emerging viral diseases in the context of One Health.

Xiangyu Huang, Guihu Yin, Yiqin Cai et al.

In the original publication [...]

Ola Y. Abido, Karim M. Selim, Sara Abdel-Mawgod et al.

Infectious bursal disease continues to cause significant economic losses in the Egyptian poultry industry despite intensive vaccination programs. This study was aimed to molecularly characterize the circulating infectious bursal disease virus strains in Egypt and to compare the pathogenic and immunosuppressive effects of very virulent and variant strains. Ten pooled bursal samples from suspected broiler flocks were subjected to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for detection and identification. Nine samples tested positive. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis identified seven samples (D1, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, and D8) as very virulent-like strains, showing 98.8-99.2% amino acid sequence identity among them, but only 87.8-91% identity with vaccine strains used in Egypt. Two samples (D9 and D10) were identified as variants with 96-96.4% identity with other Egyptian variants. Two isolates (D8 and D10) were selected to study their pathogenicity and immunosuppressive effects in specific pathogen free chickens, which were orally infected with 105 egg infective dose 50% of each isolate and vaccinated against Newcastle disease, 5 days before infection. The variant strain caused earlier and more severe bursal damage without clinical signs or mortality, while the very virulent strain led to typical disease symptoms and 60% mortality. The mean hemagglutination inhibition titers were lower in variant-infected chickens, while protection against Newcastle disease virus was 60% and 40% in very virulent and variant-infected chickens, respectively, compared to 90% in uninfected chickens. These findings indicate that variant strains are more pathogenic and immunosuppressive than very virulent strains, highlighting the need for effective control measures.

Gobena Zelalem, Hirpa Eyob, Fikadu Yobsan et al.

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) causes infectious bursal disease in poultry and poses a major challenge to the poultry industry globally. This study aimed to measure seroprevalences and so detect exposure to IBDV in backyard poultry in the selected zone of Horro Guduru Wollega. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to November 2022. Blood samples were collected for serum extraction from 384 backyard chickens in the Horro and Horro Bulluq districts. IBDV antibody detection was conducted using an indirect ELISA serological diagnostic test. Questionnaires assessed poultry owners’ knowledge and health/hygiene management practices regarding the disease. The over all seroprevalence of IBDV was 14.84%. Significant variations in seroprevalence were seen based on district, bird age, bird sex, and flock size. Limited owner experience (just 1-3 years), disposing of carcasses in pits, and poor hygiene on the backyard premises were associated with higher IBDV seroprevalence. In conclusion, IBDV seroprevalence was linked to chicken management practices. Recommendations include improving poultry management among owners to control IBDV. The study indicates backyard poultry in the region have considerable IBDV exposure, and control should focus on improving management practices identified as high-risk, such as pit disposal of carcasses and poor hygiene.

Kinga Skieresz-Szewczyk, Hanna Jackowiak

Connexins are important proteins involved in cell-to-cell communication and cytodifferentiation during renewal and cornification of the multilayered epithelia. So far, there is a lack of reports on this subject in birds’ structurally different ortho- and parakeratinized epithelium of the tongue. The study aims to describe the distribution and expression profiles of the α-connexins (Cx40 and 43) and β-connexins (Cx26, 30, and 31) in those epithelia in duck, goose, and domestic turkey. Research revealed the presence of the mentioned connexins and the occurrence of interspecies differences. Connexins form gap junctions in the cell membrane or are in the cytoplasm of keratinocytes. Differences in connexin expression were noted between the basal and intermediate layers, which may determine the proliferation of keratinocytes. Cx40, 43, and Cx30 in the gap junction of the keratinocytes of the intermediate layer are related to the synchronization of the cornification process. Because of the exfoliation of cornified plaques, a lack of connexins was observed in the cornified layer of orthokeratinized epithelium. However, in parakeratinized epithelium, connexins were present in the cell membrane of keratinocytes and thus maintained cellular integrity in gradually desquamating cells. The current studies will be useful in further comparative analyses of normal and pathological epithelia of the oral cavity in birds.

Enkelejda Velo, Fabrizio Balestrino, Fabrizio Balestrino et al.

The pathogen transmitting Aedes albopictus mosquito is spreading rapidly in Europe, putting millions of humans and animals at risk. This species is well-established in Albania since its first detection in 1979. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is increasingly gaining momentum worldwide as a component of area-wide-integrated pest management. However, estimating how the sterile males will perform in the field and the size of target populations is crucial for better decision-making, designing and elaborating appropriate SIT pilot trials, and subsequent large-scale release strategies. A mark-release-recapture (MRR) experiment was carried out in Albania within a highly urbanized area in the city of Tirana. The radio-sterilized adults of Ae. albopictus Albania strain males were transported by plane from Centro Agricoltura Ambiente (CAA) mass-production facility (Bologna, Italy), where they were reared. In Albania, sterile males were sugar-fed, marked with fluorescent powder, and released. The aim of this study was to estimate, under field conditions, their dispersal capacity, probability of daily survival and competitiveness, and the size of the target population. In addition, two adult mosquito collection methods were also evaluated: BG-Sentinel traps baited with BG-Lure and CO2, (BGS) versus human landing catch (HLC). The overall recapture rates did not differ significantly between the two methods (2.36% and 1.57% of the total male released were recaptured respectively by BGS and HLC), suggesting a similar trapping efficiency under these conditions. Sterile males traveled a mean distance of 93.85 ± 42.58 m and dispersed up to 258 m. Moreover, they were observed living in the field up to 15 days after release with an average life expectancy of 4.26 ± 0.80 days. Whether mosquitoes were marked with green, blue, yellow, or pink, released at 3.00 p.m. or 6.00 p.m., there was no significant difference in the recapture, dispersal, and survival rates in the field. The Fried competitiveness index was estimated at 0.28. This mark-release-recapture study provided important data for better decision-making and planning before moving to pilot SIT trials in Albania. Moreover, it also showed that both BG-traps and HLC were successful in monitoring adult mosquitoes and provided similar estimations of the main entomological parameters needed.

Alfredo Borgia, Raffaele Raimondi, Tania Sorrentino et al.

The purpose of this study was to summarize the results related to ocular biometry performed using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). A literature search was conducted to search articles reporting the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent examinations with commercially available SS-OCT machines. The available data were thoroughly analyzed, with a particular focus on all the biometric factors used to calculate the power of intraocular lenses (IOLs) implanted during cataract surgery. The agreement, repeatability, and reproducibility of several parameters among different devices were examined. The variations found for parameters obtained from agreement testing were evaluated in order to promote the interchangeability of devices. Swept-source optical coherence tomography biometers usually produce highly repeatable and reproducible results. The excellent results obtained led us to the conclusion that optical biometers based on SS-OCT technology will probably take the lead in ocular biometry.

Anne Metje van Genderen, Katja Jansen, Marleen Kristen et al.

Introduction: To date, tubular tissue engineering relies on large, non-porous tubular scaffolds (Ø &gt; 2 mm) for mechanical self-support, or smaller (Ø 150–500 μm) tubes within bulk hydrogels for studying renal transport phenomena. To advance the engineering of kidney tubules for future implantation, constructs should be both self-supportive and yet small-sized and highly porous. Here, we hypothesize that the fabrication of small-sized porous tubular scaffolds with a highly organized fibrous microstructure by means of melt-electrowriting (MEW) allows the development of self-supported kidney proximal tubules with enhanced properties.Materials and Methods: A custom-built melt-electrowriting (MEW) device was used to fabricate tubular fibrous scaffolds with small diameter sizes (Ø = 0.5, 1, 3 mm) and well-defined, porous microarchitectures (rhombus, square, and random). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human conditionally immortalized proximal tubular epithelial cells (ciPTEC) were seeded into the tubular scaffolds and tested for monolayer formation, integrity, and organization, as well as for extracellular matrix (ECM) production and renal transport functionality.Results: Tubular fibrous scaffolds were successfully manufactured by fine control of MEW instrument parameters. A minimum inner diameter of 1 mm and pore sizes of 0.2 mm were achieved and used for subsequent cell experiments. While HUVEC were unable to bridge the pores, ciPTEC formed tight monolayers in all scaffold microarchitectures tested. Well-defined rhombus-shaped pores outperformed and facilitated unidirectional cell orientation, increased collagen type IV deposition, and expression of the renal transporters and differentiation markers organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp).Discussion and Conclusion: Here, we present smaller diameter engineered kidney tubules with microgeometry-directed cell functionality. Due to the well-organized tubular fiber scaffold microstructure, the tubes are mechanically self-supported, and the self-produced ECM constitutes the only barrier between the inner and outer compartment, facilitating rapid and active solute transport.

Sergiu Bogdan POP, Nicolae POP, Marius MILUȚ et al.

The paper aims to conduct a research, in order to analyze how to systematically register properties in the integrated system of cadastre and land book of buildings on the territory of three cadastral sectors belonging to the administrative-territorial unit Mediaș, Sibiu County. The objective of the work is represented by the accomplishment of the systematic cadastral works in the analyzed area. The instrument used to carry out the geodetic and topographic works necessary to carry out this project is the Leica TC (R) 407 total station, which is part of the TPS400 range. The verification of the support network was performed both from a planimetric point of view using the conditional measurements method and altimetrically using the trigonometrical leveling at long distance method. Two new points were included, the compensation of their coordinates was made using the indirect measurements method. In the present paper, the real estate fund cadastre was made, the evidence and the systematic inventory were made, from a quantitative, qualitative and legal point of view of the 56 buildings from the 3 cadastral sectors afferent to the studied administrative-territorial unit. Following the work, it is found that the method of registration in the Land Book through the Systematic Cadastre is an efficient solution and an alternative to the Sporadic Cadastre addressed at national level that facilitates field work, time and allows the determination of land areas in cadastral sectors. with better accuracy.

Monchanok Vijarnsorn, Irin Kwananocha, Narudee Kashemsant et al.

Abstract Background NSAIDs are accepted as the most predictably efficacious medical treatment of the clinical signs of osteoarthritis (OA). The marine-based fatty-acid compound PCSO-524 has been proposed as an adjunctive treatment for canine OA, however benefits of this agent is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of PCSO-524 combined with the NSAID firocoxib using force plate gait analysis, orthopedic assessment score (OAS) and canine brief pain inventory score (CBPI) in dogs with OA. A prospective, randomized, double-blinded study was conducted. Seventy-nine dogs that had hip and/or stifle OA were assigned randomly into three treatment groups: firocoxib, PCSO-524 and combination of firocoxib and PCSO-524, orally for 4 weeks. Peak vertical force (PVF, expressed as a percentage of bodyweight), OAS, CBPI, serum prostaglandin E2 concentration, hematology and blood chemistry values were evaluated before treatment (Day0), as well as at the second (Day14) and fourth week (Day28) during treatment. Results Within group analysis revealed significant increases in PVF over the 4-week treatment period for firocoxib, PCSO-524 and the combination (p < 0.05). Mean increases in PVF were 3.25 ± 4.13, 2.01 ± 3.86, 4.11 ± 4.69%BW (mean ± SD) respectively. The OAS showed non-significant change in all treatment groups. There were significant decreases in CBPI pain severity score (PSS) and CBPI pain interference scores (PIS) within some groups over time, however no significant differences were found between the groups. Significantly decreased serum PGE2 concentration (p < 0.05) was found in the combination group. Significant increases in BUN and creatinine (p < 0.05) compared to pre-treatment values were found in the firocoxib and combination groups but not in the PCSO-524 group at day28, but all values in all dogs remained within the normal ranges. Conclusions The results of this study suggested combination of both PCSO-524 and firocoxib is more effective in alleviation of inflammation and improvement of weight bearing ability when compared to the uses of either PCSO-524 or firocoxib alone. Further clinical studies are needed to confirm this, and to determine if there is any benefit of PCSO-524 over placebo.

Ioana VAIDA, Ioan ROTAR, Florin PACURAR

Over time, studies of the vegetation of natural grasslands have evolved from simple observations to rigorous research. Feed obtained from natural meadows without major technological imputations is mediocre in quality, and pastures in a rather advanced state of degradation. The main purpose of this paper is the ecological and fodder evaluation of the Festuca rubra type of grasslands in the Apuseni Mountains based on the floristic composition and the productivity of these grasslands. The experience was carried out in Ghetari village, Apuseni Mountains, which was located in 2001, following the method of randomized blocks with 4 experimental variants in 4 rehearsals. Each variant were fertilized with organic inputs using the same quantities each year. In the paper we use the results obtained after 15 years of experience. The application of organic fertilizers caused significant changes in the canopy causing changes in the dominance of the type of grassland. The livestock manure applied on the studied grassland has increases significant yield production at all variants of fertilization. In this paper it was shown on which species the productivity of the grassland increased from the control variant to the fertilized variant with the maximum dose. Regarding the analysis of the phytodiversity, this tells us if the number of species is reduced in all the treatments, 10 t/ha of manure leads to an increase in phytocoenosis equivalence and implicitly to the Shannon index.

Manoj Kumar, Subhasis Batabyal, Shyamsundar Kesh et al.

In the present study Immunoglobulin G was purified from serum of dog by gel filtration chromatography on Sephacryl S-200. SDS- PAGE analysis of purified dog IgG showed major polypeptides of 66 kDa, 52.40 kDa and 20.72 kDa. The purified Immunoglobulin has been found to be immune-reactive by DID test and Western Blot analysis when treated against hyperimmune sera which was raised in rabbit.

Sabreen Majeed Mohammed Ali

This study was conducted to find out the effect of folic acid at different doses (5 g and 10g/animal daily) on blood parameters in adult male rabbits. The animals were divided into 3 equal groups each group contained five animals. One of them as control and other as treated groups T1 and T2. The experiment lasted four weeks. GroupT1 got folic acid at dose 5 g/daily/animal and GT2 10g/animal. To study the hematological parameters such as [total red blood cell (RBC), total white blood cell (WBC), packed cell volume PCV, hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and using serum to detect total serum protein. The folic acid was causing significant increasing in most of these parameters due to the stimulating effect of it and anti-oxidant properties that protect the cell membrane from free radical. Therefore, the administration of folic acid is useful especially for children, pregnant women and aging people.

Steelman Samantha M, Chowdhary Bhanu P

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Equine laminitis is a devastating disease that causes severe pain in afflicted horses and places a major economic burden on the horse industry. In acute laminitis, the disintegration of the dermal-epidermal junction can cause the third phalanx to detach from the hoof wall, leaving the horse unable to bear weight on the affected limbs. Horses that survive the acute phase transition into a chronic form of laminitis, which is often termed “founder”. Some evidence suggests that chronic laminar inflammation might be associated with alterations in the endocrine and immune systems. We investigated this broad hypothesis by using DIGE to assess global differences in the plasma proteome between horses with chronic laminitis and controls.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We identified 16 differentially expressed proteins; the majority of these were involved in the interrelated coagulation, clotting, and kininogen cascades. Clinical testing of functional coagulation parameters in foundered horses revealed a slight delay in prothrombin (PT) clotting time, although most other indices were within normal ranges. Upregulation of the intestinal apolipoprotein APOA-IV in horses with chronic laminitis was confirmed by western blot.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results support the hypothesis that localized laminar inflammation may be linked to systemic alterations in immune regulation, particularly in the gastrointestinal system. Gastrointestinal inflammation has been implicated in the development of acute laminitis but has not previously been associated with chronic laminitis.</p>

Abbas Imani-Baran, Mohammad Yakhchali, Reza Malekzadeh Viayeh et al.

The pond snail Lymnaea auricularia serves as an intermediate host for many digenian species. In West Azerbaijan province, northwestern Iran, the cercariae infection investigation was undertaken in L. auricularia from May to November 2010. Of 6759 collected Lymnaeid snails, 370(5.5%) L. auricularia snails were identified. Cercariae infection was found in a number of 276 (74.56 %) snails. The results showed that removed cercariae from L. auricularia belonged to Echinostomcercariae (96.38 %) and Furcocercariae (3.62 %) which were found in two out of 28 sites during the course of study. In summer and fall, the highest prevalence of cercariae infection was recorded for both identified cercariae. It is concluded that L. auricularia could be an important intermediate host of large group digenian trematodes in the region, which is necessary to take consideration in the control program of trematode infection.

O. M. Al-Iraqi, O. K. AL-Hankawe, M. I. Al-Farwachi

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in the females of the local breed buffaloes. A 400 sera samples were collected from 49 herds from different nine geographical area in Ninavah province by using latex agglutination and modified latex agglutination tests. The results shows that the total prevalence rate of the antibodies was 30%, and this percentage was differ according to the region. The highest percentage appeared in Badosh and Qnetra at 52.3%, 51.2% respectively, while the lowest was in Hawiaslan 4.3%. The antibodies titer most appear was 80 in percentage 30.5%, while the titer 640 was lowest in percentage 1.7%. Also recorded that numbers of the active cases was highest in percentage 81.4% compared with inactive cases was lowest in percentage 18.6%, also noted that the seropositive samples decreased with age.

Y Doustar, Ali Rezaie, S Atash Benab

The Prostate gland is one of the accessory reproductive glands with important physiological functions necessary for successful reproduction. This gland depends on the presence of sex hormones including androgens for its natural function and normal growth and development. So in the case of hyperplasia, hypertrophy or other prostatic disease the most successful and efficient method of treatment is androgenic control that in some cases is unavoidable. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of androgenic depletion states by means of castration on the induction of apoptosis in the epithelial glandular cells of the prostate tissue. Two groups of male dogs each containing 5 animals per group were used in this study. The dogs were under observation for 1 month to detect any possible diseases or disorders. After this period the dogs in the treatment group underwent open castration to decrease the levels of the androgenic hormones in the blood while the dogs in the control group were left intact. One week after surgery, the prostate glands of control and treatment animals were collected and used to prepare microscopic sections. The sections were evaluated following staining with TUNEL (TerminaldeoxyNucleotidyl (dUTP) transferase-mediated End Labeling) and H&E methods. The Mann – Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis. Histopathological studies in the treatment group revealed the presence of various forms of apoptotic cells in the glandular epithelium. Average number of apoptotic cells in ten microscopic fields were significantly higher in the treatment group compared with the control group (p

Ana Paula Inoe, Francisco Carlos Pereira, Angelo João Stopiglia et al.

To assess the effect of N-Acetylmuramyl-L-Alanyl-D-Isoglutamine MDP topically administrated on the regenerating peripheral neurons, twelve male C57BL/6J adult mice were equally distributed into three groups. Four mice underwent unilateral sciatic nerve transection and polyethylene tubulization, with a 4mm gap between the proximal and distal nerve stumps and were implanted with collagen + PBS (COL). Other four animals underwent the same surgical procedure but received collagen + MDP (COL/MDP) inside the prosthesis. Four animals were not operated and served as control group (NOR). After 4 weeks, the regenerated nerve cables were processed for total myelinated axon counting and myelinated fiber diameter measurement. The L5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was also removed and sectioned for sensory neurons counting and measurement. The results revealed significant difference (p<0.05) in axonal counting among the groups NOR (4,355±32), COL (1,869±289) and COL/MDP (2,430±223). There was a significant reduction in the axonal diameter in the operated groups (COL=3.38µm±1.16 and COL/MDP=3.54µm±1.16) compared to NOR (6.19µm±2.45). No difference was found in the number of DRG neurons between the experimental groups (COL=564±51; COL/MDP=514±56), which presented fewer sensory neurons compared to NOR (1,097±142). Data obtained indicate that locally applied MDP stimulates peripheral nerve regeneration in mice.<br>Para avaliar o efeito do NAcetilmuramil- L-Alanil-D-Isoglutamina administrado topicamente em neurônios periféricos em regeneração, doze camundongos C57BL/6J machos adultos foram igualmente separados em três grupos. Quatro animais sofreram transecção unilateral do nervo ciático que foi ancorado no interior de um tubo de polietileno, mantendo-se 4 mm de distância entre as extremidades dos nervos e receberam colágeno + PBS (COL) dentro do tubo. Outros quatro animais sofreram o mesmo procedimento cirúrgico, porém receberam colágeno + MDP (COL/MDP) no interior da prótese. Quatro animais não foram operados e serviram como controle de normalidade (NOR). Após quatro semanas, os cabos de regeneração foram coletados para determinação do número de axônios mielínicos e da mêdia do diâmetro das fibras mielínicas regeneradas. O gânglio da raiz dorsal L5 também foi coletado para contagem e mensuração dos neurônios sensitivos. Os resultados revelaram diferença significativa no número de axônios entre os grupos NOR (4355±32), COL (1869±289) e COL/MDP (2430±223). Houve redução significativa no diâmetro das fibras mielínicas nos grupos que receberam as próteses tubulares (COL=3,38µm±1,16 e COL/ MDP=3,54µm±1,16) quando comparados ao grupo NOR (6,19µm±2,45). O número de neurônios não diferiu entre os grupos experimentais (COL=564±51 e COL/MDP=514±56), os quais apresentaram menor número de neurônios sensitivos em relação ao grupo não operado (NOR=1097±142). Os dados obtidos indicam que a aplicação local do MDP estimula a regeneração de nervos em camundongos.