Hasil untuk "The family. Marriage. Woman"

D. J. van de Kaa

Fatima Mohamud Ahmed, Fatima Mohamud Ahmed, Abdifetah Ibrahim Omar et al.

BackgroundDespite global advancements in reproductive healthcare, the utilization of modern contraceptives in Somalia remains critically low, marked by significant regional and sociodemographic disparities. This study assessed the prevalence and identified key predictors of modern contraceptive use among Somali women of reproductive age using data from the 2020 Somali Health and Demographic Survey (SHDS).MethodsA nationally representative cross-sectional analysis was conducted on a sample of 2,704 women aged 15–49 years. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression were employed to identify factors associated with the use of modern contraceptives.ResultsThe majority of participants were aged 26 years or older (57.6%), resided in urban areas (85.1%), and belonged to the highest wealth quintile (62.4%). The prevalence of modern contraceptive use among the study participants was exceptionally low at 1.8%. The most commonly reported methods were oral contraceptive pills (0.6%) and implants (0.2%), while the use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) was minimal (0.04%). A significant gap in exposure to family planning information was observed, with only 13.6% of women reported to have received it at health facilities. Key predictors for modern contraceptive use included the age of the women and exposure to family planning education at a health facility. Women aged 26 years and older demonstrated significantly higher odds of using contraception compared to their younger counterparts [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 10.13; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.39–42.97]. Furthermore, women who received family planning information from health facilities were twice as likely to use modern contraceptive methods (AOR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.02–3.88).ConclusionThe findings underscore an urgent need to enhance both the accessibility and knowledge of modern contraceptives in Somalia. Targeted interventions focusing on health facility-based education and expanding the limited variety of available contraceptive methods are crucial to improving uptake and addressing the reproductive health needs of Somali women.

Matthew D. Bramlett, W. Mosher

T. Koesbardiati, Sri Endah Kinasih, Mochamad Kevin Romadhona et al.

Research Objectiveness: The understanding of marriage is the process of binding, both physically and spiritually, between a man and a woman to become husband and wife aimed at forming a lasting, harmonious, and happy family based on the belief, this research aims to identify and analysis merariq culture in the aspects of socio-culture, legal, and health. Methods: This research is qualitative research using descriptive analysis. Qualitative study aims to explore the endogamous marriages in Mungkik, Pandan Wangi Village, Jerowaru Subdistrict, East Lombok, involved 24 women and girl (married, unmarried, and widower). Research findings: East Lombok's marriages are primarily merariq, a deeply ingrained tradition in the Sasak community. Elopement often arranged by parents, demonstrating bravery and maintaining family relationships. However, endogamous marriages in Merariq families can lead to health issues and genetic disorders. Among them, 75% of participants were admitted to endogamous marriages among relatives, and some parents forbid their children from marrying relatives due to guilt. Merariq marriages are decreasing due to the rupture of family ties. Elopement is a traditional rational action, low-risk, and based on customs and traditions. However, the community is unaware of the health risks and lacks prior socialization.

Irene López-Ferreruela, Irene López-Ferreruela, Antonio Gimeno-Miguel et al.

IntroductionSecondary prevention after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has the objective of improving quality of life, minimizing recurrence, and reducing morbidity and mortality. Despite European guidelines highlighting the importance of cardiovascular risk factor (CVRF) management and optimal healthcare utilization, inequalities persist, particularly between genders. This study aims to identify and analyze gender inequalities in healthcare utilization and CVRF monitoring during the first year after AMI using real-world data (RWD).MethodsAn analytical study was conducted within the CARhES (CArdiovascular Risk factors for Health Services research) cohort in Aragon, Spain. The study population included 3,464 subjects who survived a first AMI and were followed for one full year after the event. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical data, healthcare utilization, CVRF monitoring and pharmacological prescriptions, were extracted from the Aragon Health Service. Statistical analyses included chi-squared tests, Student's t-tests, and logistic regression, with Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition applied to explore possible explanatory factors for gender differences.ResultsWomen represented 28.3% of the study population. Compared with men, they were older and had a higher morbidity burden. Primary care utilization was similar between genders; however, women had fewer cardiology visits (p < 0.001) and were less likely to achieve risk factor monitoring goals. Differences were also observed in pharmacological treatment, with women being less likely to receive beta-blockers, lipid modifying agents, and antiplatelet agents (p < 0.001). Several of these inequalities persisted after controlling for age. The Oaxaca decomposition showed that age and morbidity burden were the main contributors to gender disparities. In addition, socioeconomic status and place of residence played a role in health services utilization differences.ConclusionsGender inequalities are still present in post-AMI care and CVRF management, with women being more likely to receive less adequate treatment and management. Addressing these inequalities is crucial to ensuring equitable care and improving health outcomes for women.

Joe Strong, Ernestina Coast, Emily Freeman et al.

Ritik Agrawal, Manisha Mishra, Tanveer Rehman et al.

Evidence from various studies on modern contraceptive methods shows that the utilization varies greatly. The present study aimed to estimate the magnitude and determinants for temporary modern contraceptive utilization among reproductive-aged (15-49 years) women in India. We analysed National Family Health Survey-5 data using the “svyset” command in STATA software. Modern contraception utilization was estimated using the weighted prevalence, and its correlates were assessed by multivariable regression by reporting an adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). QGIS 3.2.1 software was used for spatial analysis of different temporary modern contraceptives. The mean (SD) age of 359,825 respondents was 31.6 (8.5) years with 75.1% (n = 270,311) and 49.2% (n = 177,165) of them being from rural area and having completed education up to secondary school, respectively. The overall utilization of modern temporary contraception was 66.1% [95%CI: 65.90–66.35, n = 237,953]. Multigravida (vs. nulligravida) [aPR = 2.13 (1.98–2.30)], higher education of husband (vs. not educated) [aPR = 1.20 (1.14–1.27)], urban (vs. rural) [aPR = 1.06 (1.03–1.10)], watching television less than once a week (vs. not at all) [aPR = 1.04 (1.01–1.08)], divorced (vs. married) [aPR = 0.65 (0.45–0.94)], and Scheduled Tribe (ST) (vs. unreserved) [aPR = 0.92 (0.88–0.96)] were significant independent determinants. The highest utilization of male condoms, IUCDs, pills and injections were in Himachal Pradesh (86%), Nagaland (64%), Tripura (85%), and Ladakh (20%), respectively. Out of every ten reproductive-aged (15–49 years) women in India, six are using temporary modern contraceptive methods. More intervention strategies should be planned, considering factors like gravida, education, residence, health promotion and caste to attain replacement fertility level.

محمد روشن, مجتبی قاسمی, محمدرضا فرهنگ

این مقاله در پی آن است که با استفاده از آموزه­های اقتصاد خرد، تأثیر میزان مهریه بر رفتار ازدواجی افراد و نیز برخی از مهم‌ترین تصمیمات درون­خانواده­ای را به صورت نظری بررسی و تحلیل کند. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل­های نظری حاکی از آن است که افزایش مهریه، با افزایش قیمت ضمنی ازدواج برای مردان منجر به کاهش میزان تقاضای آنها برای ازدواج و سرریزشدن این تقاضا به بازارهایی می­شود که جایگزینی برای ازدواج در آنها عرضه می­شود. افزایش مهریه خالص منفعت انتظاری فرزندآوری را برای مردان افزایش و برای زنان کاهش خواهد داد که منجر به ایجاد انگیزه­های واگر برای فرزندآوری در خانواده می­شود. با توجه به آنکه با افزایش مهریه­، خالص منفعت انتظاری طلاق برای مرد کمتر و برای زن بیشتر می­شود، این نکته می­تواند رفتار پس­اندازی خانواده را مختل نماید. تأثیر میزان مهریه بر احتمال وقوع طلاق با توجه به وجود انگیزه­های متضاد در مرد و زن قابل پیش­بینی نیست اما به نظر می­رسد با افزایش مهریه اگر زن تمایلی به مبادله تمام یا بخشی از مهریه با حق طلاق و حضانت فرزندان، که طبق قانون به صورت پیش‌فرض به مرد داده شده است، نداشته باشد احتمال آنکه فرآیند طلاق به خشونت کشیده شود افزایش خواهد یافت.

Alena K. Artsiomenka-Melyantsova

The article examines the change in family values in Belarus as reflected in the materials of the magazine «Rabotnica i sjaljanka» from the 1960s to the 2010s. Based on the analysis of the thematic distribution of publications, the characteristics of the heroines, the female duties declared by the magazine and the presentation of the topic of marriage and family at the level of rhetoric, the following conclusions are drawn. In reflecting the materials of the magazine after the 1990s, the role of family and marriage is increasing, the professional roles and responsibilities of a woman are supplemented by the need to show skill in everyday life, to maintain beauty and attractiveness, which corresponds to the tendencies of traditionalisation of values according to survey data. At the same time, the increase in divorce rates and a decrease in the number of children in the family are normalised.

M. Ranjan, A. Mozumdar, R. Acharya et al.

Background India, where more than one married woman of reproductive age often live in the same household, provides an ideal setting to promote family planning through intrahousehold influence. Objectives This study examined the association between use of modern contraceptives by young married women, and other married women live in the same household. Methods We included 31,361 currently married women of 15–24 years from women data of the National Family Health Survey 2015–16. Each of these women was living with another married woman within the same household, who was also interviewed. From each household, we labeled the woman with the shortest marital duration as the Index Woman. The second woman in each household was either labeled as Peer or Other or Elderly (had married within 5 years or 5–19 years after or 20 or more years after the marriage of Index women, respectively). The association between use of modern contraceptives by Index Women and the second woman in household was examined using logistic regressions—controlled for the background characteristics of Index Women. Results Index Women had 2.9 times adjusted odds (95%CI 2.5–3.3) of using modern contraceptives if living with Peers, who were also using modern contraceptives. Similarly, when the second women using modern contraceptives, an Index Woman had 1.7 times adjusted odds for using modern contraceptives (95%CI 1.5–1.9) if living with Elderly, and about 2.5 times adjusted odds if living with Other women (95%CI 2.1–2.8). The association between contraceptive use by an Index Woman and the second woman in the household remained significant even after controlling for background characteristics, showing the independent effect of intrahousehold influence on contraceptive use. Conclusion The conclusive evidence of positive intrahousehold influence on contraceptive use of Index Women will encourage program managers to promote intrahousehold communication to increase use of family planning.

Camilla de Magalhães Gomes

Os estudos decoloniais nos mostram que a colonialidade tem por dicotomia fundamental a divisão entre humanos e não humanos. Que processos, contudo, produzem ou preenchem essa oposição? No presente artigo buscamos discutir o sexo como produção discursiva que faz parte dos processos de distribuição de humanidade da colonialidade ocidental. Para isso, trabalha a noção de corpos falantes, como modo de romper com a ideia do corpo como tela em branco, natureza a que se imprime sentido por meio da cultura. Com isso, torna-se possível questionar o dimorfismo sexual e pensar na ampliação dos modos pelos quais atribuímos a linguagem do sexo e, assim, reconstruirmos a linguagem sobre os corpos para permitirmos mais, para podermos dizer que, apesar de só conhecermos os corpos por meio da linguagem, esses sempre a excedem.

Chenguang Lu

The popular convergence theory of the EM algorithm explains that the observed incomplete data log-likelihood L and the complete data log-likelihood Q are positively correlated, and we can maximize L by maximizing Q. The Deterministic Annealing EM (DAEM) algorithm was hence proposed for avoiding locally maximal Q. This paper provides different conclusions: 1) The popular convergence theory is wrong; 2) The locally maximal Q can affect the convergent speed, but cannot block the global convergence; 3) Like marriage competition, unfair competition between two components may vastly decrease the globally convergent speed; 4) Local convergence exists because the sample is too small, and unfair competition exists; 5) An improved EM algorithm, called the Channel Matching (CM) EM algorithm, can accelerate the global convergence. This paper provides an initialization map with two means as two axes for the example of a binary Gaussian mixture studied by the authors of DAEM algorithm. This map can tell how fast the convergent speeds are for different initial means and why points in some areas are not suitable as initial points. A two-dimensional example indicates that the big sample or the fair initialization can avoid global convergence. For more complicated mixture models, we need further study to convert the fair marriage principle to specific methods for the initializations.

Ankita Chakrabarti

Sex of the head of the household can provide insights into gender inequality and power dynamics that exist at the household level. Leadership positions are rarely given to a female in the Indian society. The hierarchy of authority in the household is based on age (privileging the older) and gender (privileging the men). Marriage is still the most important rite of passage in a woman’s life in India and it is also a medium through which autonomy is realized. This paper explores how women realize ways to achieve headship in the family in an otherwise male dominated household. Data was obtained from Indian Human Development Survey (IHDS) II, conducted between 2011 and 2012, and which sampled 39,523 ever married women from age 15 years and above. Autonomy indices were developed to show active decision-making power in the household. In addition, how headship status influences levels of autonomy were explored by employing multinomial logistic regression. Findings showed decision making abilities were distinguishable for women without spouse compared with those who were married. Levels of autonomy also reflected the existing hierarchies in the family, a situation relatively better for women who were not in marital union.

Ana María Amigo-Ventureira

Resumen El término transexualismo es acuñado en 1948 por Harry Benjamin, pero los comportamientos rupturistas en el ámbito de género han sido documentados desde épocas tan antiguas como la Grecia clásica. En este trabajo se crea una línea temporal que refleja la evolución y los grandes hitos logrados por el colectivo trans* a lo largo del tiempo, tanto desde una perspectiva activista-social como médico-psiquiátrica, analizando los eventos más relevantes desde los años 20 hasta la actualidad.

Cristina Gualdani, Shruti Sinha

We study partial identification of the preference parameters in the one-to-one matching model with perfectly transferable utilities. We do so without imposing parametric distributional assumptions on the unobserved heterogeneity and with data on one large market. We provide a tractable characterisation of the identified set under various classes of nonparametric distributional assumptions on the unobserved heterogeneity. Using our methodology, we re-examine some of the relevant questions in the empirical literature on the marriage market, which have been previously studied under the Logit assumption. Our results reveal that many findings in the aforementioned literature are primarily driven by such parametric restrictions.

Audrey Girouard, Jon E. Froehlich, Regan Mandryk et al.

This article reflects on our experiences providing family-support services to a large, interdisciplinary ACM conference (CHI2018) including, the policy decisions, the challenges, and the successes. The article incorporates empirical data collected from pre- and post-conference surveys, observed use of the services, and aspirational aims for future conferences. We are discussing best practices and recommendations to facilitate the implementation of child support services at other conferences. We believe our article will be of great interest to both practitioners and academics in expanding the inclusivity and family support provided by ACM conferences and beyond.

Bernardo Alves Furtado

The Stable Marriage Problem (SMP) has been extremely discussed in the literature and it is useful to a number of real-world applications. We propose a generalized version of the SMP in which numbers of the matching groups are different as in [9]. However, we go further to make a percentage of each group behave as active message senders. As such, the special case in which all Males are active messengers (beta = 1) and all Females are not active (alpha = 0) replicates the results in [9]. Moreover, we use numerical simulation to present three cases (and their extremes) in which we vary the percentage of active messengers in each group. Whereas we are able to replicate previous work, our numerical simulations also suggest that socially optimal comes only when the groups are homogeneous. More real-world like results are presented when members from both groups are active message senders.

M. Fauziah

Early marriage is a marriage performed by a woman at the age of 1316 years or men aged 17-18 years. Early marriages often result in losses both in terms of health and development for women, as well as the issue of human rights violations that are widely ignored and are usually associated with social and physical impacts on young women and their offspring. Based on Kemenkes data, the number of early marriage under the age of 19 is 46.7%. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors associated with early marriage to women in Sibanteng Village, Leuwisadeng District, Bogor Regency in 2017. The study was conducted in March 2017 using a cross sectional design. The subjects of this study used a sample of 111 respondents. Data collection techniques by means of Proportional Simple Random Sampling. Data analysis was performed with the chi-square test with 95% CI (p = 0.05). Education (p = 0.001) and knowledge (p = 0.0005) have a significant association with the incidence of early marriage. Attitude (p = 0.118), family support (p = 1), culture (p = 0.833), economy (p = 0.172), showed no significant association with the incidence of early marriage. It is hoped that the government and related institutions can increase the level of education and knowledge in the Bogor area.

Desmaisi, Jendrius, Magdaliza Masri

Ideally marriage is carried out by men and woman with the aim of forming a happy and lasting family (household) (UU No.1 Tahun 1974 pasal 1). According to research and development ministri of religion 2016, 70% divorces are committed by woman. In Nagari Padang Gantiang, divoerced woman then remarry occur many times by the same individual “kawin cerai (Primary research data, 2017).The purpose of this reseach is 1) Exploring the experience of women who marry divorce. 2) Identify enabling and constraining structures on the practice of married women. 3) Identify the structures that are enabling and constraining on the practice of woman divorce. To understand this problem, researchers used the structural theory proposed by Anthony Giddens. Qualitative methodelogy with descriptive type has been done. Data collection is done by observation, in-depth interview with life history technique. Miles and Huberman analysis used for data analysis. The structure of enabling and constraining the practice of women remarried found there are five structures that enabling the practice of married women are: Practice marriage siri is a common thing done in Nagari Padang Gantiang, widow status is negative, marrying back after divorce is a personal matter, the child is rated as a continuation of his nasap, the existence of media to remarry. While the structures that constraining the practice of married women are: There is a necessity to marry over 16 year, the existence of rules to marry in KUA, requisition of first wife's permission if husband is polygamous, there is a regulation for civil servants about polygamous permits. The structures that are enabling and constraining on the practice of female divorce are found to be five structures that enabling divorce practices performed by women, third party interference, female perpetrators marry domesticated victims of domestic violence, poor economic condition of female families of married offenders, lack of knowledge of married offender women of married life, husband returns to his wife / widow. While there are four structures that constraining the practice of female divorce are: the existence of children as a unity of parents, the existence of rules about divorce, the existence of a conception of the ideal family and women are more difficult to divorce than men.

Naomi Seidman

This chapter evaluates the character of Bais Yaakov as a ‘revolution in the name of tradition’. The revolution that was Bais Yaakov was not limited to the direct participants in the movement, but also reshaped marriage practices, family structures, and the face of Orthodoxy at large. The chapter explores the parallels and resonances of the movement with such Orthodox phenomena as German neo-Orthodoxy, hasidism, and the yeshiva, as well as with other revolutionary elements of its immediate context, including socialism, Zionism, feminism, and Yiddishism. While Bais Yaakov presented itself as combatting the secular ideologies of the interwar period, it also adopted some features of these ‘isms’ in shaping its own distinctive and novel character. The chapter then presents a reading of the relationship—sociological, symbolic, and discursive—between Bais Yaakov and the traditional Jewish family.