Hasil untuk "Speculative philosophy"

Fernanda de Souza Farias, Antònio Augusto Ferreira de Oliveira

Este artigo propõe uma abordagem ontológica para diferenciar dado cadastral e indício tributário no processo de desenvolvimento de um sistema cadastral nacional. A distinção entre os conceitos fortalece a governança de dados, a justiça fiscal e a função multifinalitária do cadastro, contribuindo para a efetividade de políticas públicas e para os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, especialmente o ODS 11. Com base no Land Administration Domain Model (ISO 19152), a proposta apoia a implantação do Sistema Nacional de Gestão de Informações Territoriais (Sinter) e do Cadastro Imobiliário Brasileiro (CIB), promovendo interoperabilidade e padronização nacional entre os múltiplos sistemas cadastrais existentes.

N. N. Kostyukova, V. A. Bekhalo

Relevance. Gonorrhea is a widespread infection. More than 80 million cases of this disease occur annually. The problem is compounded by the growing resistance of gonococcus to antibiotics worldwide. The only way out in this situation may be the immunization of certain groups of the population against this infection. Despite the numerous efforts of specialists, there is currently no registered vaccine against gonorrhea, which is due to the characteristics of the pathogen. However, over the past 30 years, reliable observations have accumulated that vaccines containing N. meningititidis serogroup B outer membrane proteins (OMP), developed for prophylaxis meningococcal infection, can also prevent a significant proportion of gonorrhea cases. Aims. To give a brief overview of publications on the reduction of the incidence of gonorrhea in individuals who received vaccines containing N. meningitidis serogroup B outer membrane vesicles, followed by an analysis of information about the nature of these proteins and methods of their study, as a promising platform for creating a vaccine against gonococcus. Conclusions. There is a theoretical and real possibility of creating a preventive drug against gonorrhea. Our analysis of literature sources showed that during the period 2006–2016 from 31% to 59% of those vaccinated with the protein meningococcal vaccine В were protected from gonorrhea. It is necessary to continue studying meningococcal OMV in terms of their preventive properties against gonorrhea, improve the set of models to identify their protective effect, and find adjuvants that enhance the immunogenicity of potential vaccine candidates.

Георгій Гурамович УДЖМАДЖУРІДЗЕ

Стаття присвячена вивченню феномена політичної діяльності осіб. Метою статті є дослідження положень ціннісно-культурного підходу до пояснення чинників актуалізації та активізації політичної діяльності осіб. Використано методи аналізу та синтезу, індукції та дедукції, узагальнення та абстрагування, історичний, структурно-функціональний. Виокремлюються фактори модернізації, матеріального добробуту, високого рівня освіти, наявності соціальних зв’язків, політичної культури, національних ідентичностей, членства в добровольчих об’єднаннях, громадянського суспільства. Автор доходить висновків, що політична діяльність є реалізуючою силою вираження ціннісних орієнтацій особистості; її успіх, найбільшою мірою, залежить від соціального, інтелектуального, фінансового капіталів. Стаття має теоретичне значення для дослідження і трактування феномену політичної діяльності осіб. Її здобутки можуть бути застосовані для дизайну емпіричного дослідження. Подальші дослідження можуть бути направленні на розгляд інших підходів.

Luciano Carlos Cunha

O uso de insetos para consumo por vezes é defendido alegando-se que tais animais: (1) são menos capazes de sofrer; (2) são pouco prejudicados com a morte; ou (3) deveriam ter um status moral menor (isto é, que deveriam receber uma menor consideração diante de danos equivalentes). Neste artigo desafiarei essas três alegações. Defenderei também que, mesmo que essas alegações fizessem sentido, delas não se segue que a exploração sobre insetos é justificável. Por fim, discutirei sobre o grau de importância que deveríamos dar à situação dos insetos (e outros invertebrados) em geral.

Rosana Carvalho Bastos Amaral, Deyvison Rodrigues Lima

Esta pesquisa analisa o conceito de gênero a partir da obra “Problemas de gênero: feminismo e subversão da identidade”. O objetivo é expor que o corpo não é meramente matéria, mas uma construção através do discurso e, a partir disso, demonstrar a desconstrução do conceito de gênero sobre o qual está baseada a teoria feminista. A divisão de sexo/gênero funciona como a base de um pilar fundacional da política feminista e parte da ideia de que sexo é natural e gênero é socialmente construído. No entanto, Butler problematiza que o sexo e o corpo, não apenas o gênero, também são construídos social e culturalmente e, portanto, partilham uma constituição discursiva. Ao contrário, em vez de uma concepção naturalista ou subjetivista, Butler sustenta que o gênero é constituído performaticamente pelas expressões ou efeitos de seus desempenhos. Assim, as críticas às relações de gênero se concentram na percepção de que elas só podem ser compreendidas como uma construção discursiva, mesmo que, por séculos, as dicotomias, normalidades e identidades tenham sido apresentadas, normativa e necessariamente, como características naturais para cada um dos sexos. Para Judith Butler, porém, a identidade de gênero é um efeito de múltiplas práticas, que não se confunde com um ato de volição, tampouco com uma exteriorização de uma essência. Como conclusão, apresenta o modo pelo qual as instituições tratam e reconhece esses corpos, sobretudo aqueles que não se enquadram no binômio sexo/gênero, classificando-os como abjetos ou, mais especificamente, queer.

Didier Debaise, Thomas P. Keating

In conversation 1 with Didier Debaise, this piece thinks transversally across Nature as Event (2017a) and Speculative Empiricism (2017b) to explore some of the key stakes in his philosophy, namely: the relationship between the task of thinking a speculative empiricism and the problem of the bifurcation of nature. Engaging with the themes of nature, abstraction, dualism, pragmatism, and the role of stories in dramatizing our sensitivity to the world, the conversation develops Debaise’s contribution to theorising alternative modes of knowledge and experience capable of admitting those infra-sensible, inaudible, or imperceptible qualities of events. Distinctly, Debaise introduces here the problem of ‘predatory abstractions’ as one way to understand the problem of bifurcation. Ethically, the question of predatory abstractions makes new demands on the social sciences: to story new abstractions capable of deepening our experience of nature.

Haas

abstract:Almost all philosophers (and many non-philosophers) recognize the fundamental importance of the Phenomenology of Spirit. But Hegel's way of thinking and speaking—which he names, "speculative"—needs explaining. The example of "the speculative sentence" is helpful—for here, speculating means implying, that is, neither bringing meaning to presence nor keeping it in absence; but rather, speaking and thinking by implication. If the history of philosophy, however, overlooks what is implied, then it cannot grasp what is, and what is thought and said in the speculative sentence. Luckily, there is another way: implying that which can neither be said nor left unsaid, neither thought nor unthought. Reinterpreting Hegel's speculative sentence, therefore, for implication, for what is implied—and neither present nor absent—Haas demonstrates how to think and speak speculatively about thinking and speaking, substance and subject, being and becoming, whether in philosophy or not, even if we implicate ourselves thereby.

James R. Duggan

ABSTRACT This article explores the co-production of research as creative, speculative, and eventful rather than as research processes determined by equality, empowerment and social justice. There are persuasive critiques of participatory and co-produced methods. In response, the case is made for focusing instead on the complex processes through which ideas, affects and relational capacities emerge, are nurtured or obscured, and circulate as part of the complex processes of co-producing research. The argument is developed with reference to a recent research project on youth loneliness. Through process philosophy and speculative approaches, the co-productive imagination illuminates the necessary imaginative work of conceiving propositions, techniques of relation and methodological tactics that move us through creative advance to eventful realisations that something in our research matters! Through an ethics of the event the aim of research becomes collaboratively creating new potentials in a world in process.

Jen Ross

ABSTRACT The question of ‘what works’ is currently dominating educational research, often to the exclusion of other kinds of inquiries and without enough recognition of its limitations. At the same time, digital education practice, policy and research over-emphasises control, efficiency and enhancement, neglecting the ‘not-yetness’ of technologies and practices which are uncertain and risky. As a result, digital education researchers require many more kinds of questions, and methods, in order to engage appropriately with the rapidly shifting terrain of digital education, to aim beyond determining ‘what works’ and to participate in ‘intelligent problem solving’ [Biesta, G. J. J. 2010, “Why ‘What Works’ Still Won’t Work: From Evidence-Based Education to Value-Based Education.” Studies in Philosophy and Education 29 (5): 491–503] and ‘inventive problem-making’ [Michael, M. 2012, “‘What Are We Busy Doing?’ Engaging the Idiot.” Science, Technology & Human Values 37 (5): 528–554]. This paper introduces speculative methods as they are currently used in a range of social science and art and design disciplines, and argues for the relevance of these approaches to digital education. It synthesises critiques of education’s over-reliance on evidence-based research, and explores speculative methods in terms of epistemology, temporality and audience. Practice-based examples of the ‘teacherbot’, ‘artcasting’ and the ‘tweeting book’ illustrate speculative method in action, and highlight some of the tensions such approaches can generate, as well as their value and importance in the current educational research climate.

David Rousell

This article offers an induction into “immersive cartography,” an emerging approach to inquiry that incorporates the environmental arts, philosophy, and social sciences. Drawing together Deleuze’s propositions for a cartography-art with elements of Whitehead’s speculative empiricism, the author elaborates on the co-creation of a “cartographic network” that can be entered, activated, and extended along a multiplicity of trajectories, opening the inquiry process to more-than-human ecologies of participation. The second part of the article grapples with the complex proliferation of data that immersive cartography sets into motion, developing the concept of the “data event” through an engagement with Whitehead’s theory of prehension.

Vasyl Yurijovich Prits

Сучасна космологія знаходиться на роздоріжжі. Нестиковки вимірювань значень сталої Габбла – універсальної константи Всесвіту, що характеризує його глобальне розширення – призвели до виникнення в космології нетривіальної ситуації. Запропонована низка загальних наукових ідей для її тлумачення та подолання. З філософської точки зору в ній можна виокремити онтологічний (припущення про існування нової невідомої матеріальної субстанції) та епістемологічний (припущення про відкриття нових фізичних законів та необхідність побудови постквантово-релятивістських теорій) аспекти. Спираючись на модифіковану структурно-номінативну реконструкцію наукових теорій, висувається метатеоретична гіпотеза, що розвиток космологічних теорій буде відбуватися шляхом узгоджених змін їхніх підсистем.

S. Truman

Daniella Iannotta

La scomparsa di un amico, Domenico Jervolino, apre per noi il tempo della memoria, affidandoci il compito di saggiare l’enigmatico rapporto di assenza/presenza della persona cara. Presenza dell’opera, in questo caso, con cui ci è dato di continuare a dialogare nell’atto della lettura. Presenza dei ricordi che ci legano all’amico, consentendoci di ripetere quasi – in immaginazione e simpatia – le vicende vissute insieme in una incessante e feconda operazione di riscrittura del loro senso...

Didier Debaise, I. Stengers

Brian Treanor

Continental philosophy has long been concerned with the question of transcendence, a fact attributable in part to the historical significance of phenomenology and the legacy of debates surrounding transcendental idealism, the epoche, the status of the world and of other people, and, at least for some philosophers, the question of God. The question takes different forms in Husserl, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, Sartre, Levinas, Derrida, Marion, and others working in this tradition, but it remains an abiding concern for each of them. Over time the persistence of this issue has formed a body of work that constitutes a kind of center of gravity—one among several—that characterizes continental thinking. Keywords:  Immanence, transcendence, wilderness, abstraction, Henry David Thoreau, Henry Bugbee, Annie Dillard

N. I. Briко

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Giulia Rignano

Lorenzo Ghirelli

Intento del presente saggio è quello di tracciare le linee principali della filosofia di Wittgenstein definendone l’orizzonte operativo e la strategia d’azione. Seguiremo inizialmente i cambiamenti nella concezione del linguaggio e del significato del filosofo austriaco utilizzandoli come traccia per registrare le corrispondenti revisioni degli obiettivi, delle tecniche e delle forme del far filosofia da lui proposte. Cercheremo poi di analizzare la pratica filosofica prospettata dal Wittgenstein maturo evidenziandone alcuni aspetti che ci consentiranno di qualificarla come clinica.

Miguel Martí Sánchez

La filosofía de las matemáticas de Aristóteles es una investigación acerca de tres asuntos diferentes pero complementarios: (1) el lugar epistemológico de las matemáticas en el organigrama de las ciencias teoréticas o especulativas; (2) el estudio del método usado por el matemático para elaborar sus doctrinas, sobre todo la geometría y la aritmética; y (3) la averiguación del estatuto ontológico de las entidades matemáticas. Para comprender lo peculiar de la doctrina aristotélica es necesario tener en cuenta que su principal interés está en poner en relación la matemática con la filosofía primera u ontología y la física, y salvaguardar el campo de conocimiento propio de cada una de ellas. Aristotle’s Philosophy of Mathematics can be defined as the research about three different issues: (1) what is the epistemological place of mathematics inside the realm of speculative sciences; (2) what is the method of mathematics, especially the method of geometry and arithmetic; and (3) what is the ontological status or kind of existence of mathematical entities. The primary aim of Aristotle is to build a bridge between mathematics, ontology and philosophy of nature, in order to make clear what is the object of each one.