Advertising flows as an economic institution shaping the spatial organization of markets in the digital economy. To develop a system for regulating advertising flows aimed at levelling the conditions for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to access advertising resources in order to ensure the unity of the economic space (UES) of Russia. An interdisciplinary approach is used, synthesizing theories of new economic geography, institutional economics, polarized development and the concept of «space of flows». The empirical part includes statistical analysis of Rosstat and AKAR data (2021–2025), comparative legal analysis of regional regulations, mapping, and a survey of SME representatives.The hypothesis about the existence of a stable hierarchical structure of advertising markets in Russia («core – semi-periphery – periphery»), reproducing the general economic differentiation, is confirmed. It is established that the key determinants of disparities are not only economic but also institutional factors. Limited access of SMEs to advertising resources is a significant barrier to their interregional expansion, which fragments the economic space.A targeted regulatory system has been developed, including measures to harmonize regulations, create a federal digital platform-aggregator of advertising resources, introduce financial support mechanisms for SMEs, and form a unified communication framework of the market. The implementation of the proposed measures can reorient advertising flows from the plane of differentiation to the plane of integration. The results of the study can be used by public authorities in the development and implementation of regional and industrial policies aimed at reducing spatial inequality and supporting SMEs.
Dumiter Florin Cornel, Nicoară Ștefania Amalia, Nicoară Samuel
et al.
The oil price influences and tendencies have gained, lately major developments both at the European level and on the international level. Moreover, several interconnections between the energy sector and oil price influences have become the panacea of several important research and studies. In this article, we provide a qualitative and quantitative approach to the interconnections manifested between oil price movements and the developments of the energy sector. The study is focused on Central and Eastern European Countries which have similarities and differences both at the energy sector level and economy level. The econometric techniques used in this study reveal the importance of the causality relationship between oil price movements and the energy sector taking into account the macroeconomic context. The conclusions of this study highlight some important fine-tuning aspects that must be recalibrated in Central and Eastern European Countries to increase the economic outcomes, strengthen the energy sector, and respond properly to the oil price movement trends.
Regional economics. Space in economics, Economics as a science
The international trade order is under unprecedented pressure as a result of the unilateral decision by the Trump administration to increase U.S. tariffs by an order of magnitude to 15- 20 percent or higher on imports from most countries. This paper reflects on where the global trading system may be heading given recent events, focusing on potential responses by U.S. trading partners, distinguishing between revitalization of multilateral trade cooperation in the WTO, expansion and deepening of preferential trade agreements and issue- or domain-specific plurilateral agreements among groups of economies.
As economics scales, a key bottleneck is representing what papers claim in a comparable, aggregable form. We introduce evidence-annotated claim graphs that map each paper into a directed network of standardized economic concepts (nodes) and stated relationships (edges), with each edge labeled by evidentiary basis, including whether it is supported by causal inference designs or by non-causal evidence. Using a structured multi-stage AI workflow, we construct claim graphs for 44,852 economics papers from 1980-2023. The share of causal edges rises from 7.7% in 1990 to 31.7% in 2020. Measures of causal narrative structure and causal novelty are positively associated with top-five publication and long-run citations, whereas non-causal counterparts are weakly related or negative.
Efforts to apply economic complexity to identify diversification opportunities often rely on diagrams comparing the relatedness and complexity or products, technologies, or industries. Yer, the use of these diagrams is not based on empirical or theoretidal evidence supporting some notion of optimality. Here, we introduce an optimization-based framework that identifies diversification opportunities by minimizing a cost function capturing the constraints imposed by an economy's pattern of specialization. We show that the resulting portfolios often differ from those implied by relatedness-complexity diagrams, providing a target-oriented optimization layer to the economic complexity toolkit.
The peculiarity of the modern Russian economy is the turbulence of development and heterogeneity of the economic space. Regions differ in resources and development opportunities, implemented public policy and management efficiency. Instability is characteristic mainly of territories with a high concentration of industrial single-industry towns. Single-industry towns, due to historical features, have high risks of imbalance in social, economic, environmental and other components of municipal development. In order to develop management decisions to level this imbalance, it is necessary to monitor the potential for sustainable development of industrial single-industry towns. The article presents the author's methodological approach and analysis of the economic potential for sustainable development of industrial single-industry towns (using the Kirov region as an example). Unlike existing ones, the proposed methodological approach is based on the conceptual provisions of the theories of regional economics (theory of distribution of productive forces, theory of economic growth, theory of urban economics, concept of smart specialization, theory of innovation, etc.) and covers the following aspects: historical development; availability of resources; dependence on the external environment; territorial division of labor (economic specialization); presence of an administrative component...
Junio Soares dos Santos, Jaqueline Guimarães Santos, Mariana Teodoro Santos
et al.
A gestão ordinária é um tema importante no campo da gestão e seu uso tem sido difundido nas ciências sociais aplicadas. Assim, esse estudo teve como objetivo analisar como a gestão ordinária se caracteriza no cotidiano dos artesãos vinculados a associação ARTESAL e suas contribuições para o desenvolvimento local e regional. No que se refere aos procedimentos metodológicos, foi realizada uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, utilizando a entrevista semiestruturada e observação não participante, além do grupo focal, como as técnicas de coleta de dados. Os dados, por sua vez, foram analisados a partir da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os principais resultados da pesquisa apontam para a utilização de algumas práticas de gestão ordinária por artesãos e artesãs vinculadas a associação de artesanato estudada, tais como reciprocidade, solidariedade e valorização das trocas. Contudo, a partir de um olhar crítico para o fenômeno, observamos que a forma como a associação é conduzida exerce alguma força de padronização de alguns processos de gestão, condizentes aos modelos de produção capitalistas caracterizados pela padronização e massificação.
To implement the previously formulated principles of sustainable economic development, all non-negative solutions of the linear system of equations and inequalities, which are satisfied by the vector of real consumption, are completely described. It is established that the vector of real consumption with the minimum level of excess supply is determined by the solution of some quadratic programming problem. The necessary and sufficient conditions are established under which the economic system, described by the "input-output" production model, functions in the mode of sustainable development. A complete description of the equilibrium states for which markets are partially cleared in the economy model of production "input-output" is given, on the basis that all solutions of system of linear equations and inequalities are completely described. The existence of a family of taxation vectors in the "input-output" model of production, under which the economic system is able to function in the mode of sustainable development, is proved. Restrictions were found for the vector of taxation in the economic system, under which the economic system is able to function in the mode of sustainable development. The axioms of the aggregated description of the economy is proposed.
We build on the interpretation of the Economic Complexity method as Correspondence Analysis (CA), and propose that the Canonical form of CA (CCA), which originated in the ecology literature, can be used to calculate multi-dimensional economic complexity. The traditional (CA) way of calculating economic complexity includes no "external" information such as countries' development characteristics to facilitate interpretation of "complexity". This has led to a wide range of fairly ad hoc interpretations of economic complexity on the basis of ex-post correlation to a long list of other variables. By the ex-ante inclusion of a number of country variables in the construction of the complexity indicators, CCA enables better interpretation, also in the case of multi-dimensional indicators. The analysis is further facilitated by another element of the ecologists' toolbox, the so-called biplots, which are CCA-based graph embeddings that represent a lower-dimensional product-space in which products and countries are positioned together, in mutual correspondence to each other. We show that in this way, CCA provides a richer account of development in many of its aspects, especially economic growth.
Edward J. Oughton, Dennies K. Bor, Robert Weigel
et al.
Space weather poses an important but under-quantified threat to critical infrastructure, the economy, and society. While extreme geomagnetic storms are recognized as potential global catastrophes, their socio-economic impacts remain poorly quantified. Here we present a novel physics-engineering-economic framework that links geophysical drivers of geomagnetic storms to power grid geoelectric fields, transformer vulnerability, and macroeconomic consequences. Using the United States as an example, we estimate daily economic losses from transformer thermal heating of 1.37 billion USD (95 percent confidence interval: 1.16 to 1.58 billion USD) for a 100-year geomagnetic storm, with power outages affecting 4.1 million people and 101,000 businesses. A 250-year event could raise losses to 2.09 billion USD per day (95 percent confidence interval: 1.84 to 2.34 billion USD), disrupting power for more than 6 million people and 155,000 businesses. Crucially, the framework is scalable and transferable, offering a template for assessing space weather risk to critical infrastructure in other countries. This integrative approach provides the first end-to-end quantification of space weather socio-economic impacts, bridging space physics through to policy-relevant metrics. Our results demonstrate that coupled socio-economic modeling of space weather is both feasible and essential, enabling evidence-based decision making in infrastructure protection and global risk management.
Economic growth results from countries' accumulation of organizational and technological capabilities. The Economic and Product Complexity Indices, introduced as an attempt to measure these capabilities from a country's basket of exported products, have become popular to study economic development, the geography of innovation, and industrial policies. Despite this reception, the interpretation of these indicators proved difficult. Although the original Method of Reflections suggested a direct interconnection between country and product metrics, it has been proved that the Economic and Product Complexity Indices result from a spectral clustering algorithm that separately groups similar countries or similar products, respectively. This recent approach to economic and product complexity conflicts with the original one and treats separately countries and products. However, building on previous interpretations of the indices and the recent evolution in spectral clustering, we show that these indices simultaneously identify two co-clusters of similar countries and products. This viewpoint reconciles the spectral clustering interpretation of the indices with the original Method of Reflections interpretation. By proving the often neglected intimate relationship between country and product complexity, this approach emphasizes the role of a selected set of products in determining economic development while extending the range of applications of these indicators in economics.
A diferencia del enfoque historiográfico común, este artículo no asume la similitud doctrinaria como la explicación principal de la política comercial. En su lugar, propone considerarla como el resultado de un proceso político que conjuga múltiples intereses. En particular, la política comercial chilena (1850-1914), mediante sus Ordenanzas de Aduanas, ha sido considerada un fiel reflejo de las doctrinas económicas de la época. Sin embargo, este artículo propone ampliar el análisis empírico a las distintas medidas de política, tales como las leyes y decretos, enfatizando su estructura arancelaria ex ante (de iure) más que la ex post (efectiva). Los resultados sugieren un uso compensatorio de los aranceles que llevó a una reducción persistente de estos, independiente de la doctrina imperante en la ordenanza. Sus “designios” fueron, por tanto, más pragmáticos que doctrinarios.
Latin America. Spanish America, Regional economics. Space in economics
This article offers data that can be used in comparative studies of research and technology capacity at the level of Russian regions. The database comprises six indicators of the development of personnel-related and financial components of a national research and technology system and research results as evinced in research publications and advanced manufacturing technologies that appeared in 2010—2020. This set of interconnected indicators makes it possible to evaluate Russian regions’ research and technology capacity and research output, which affect the degree of development of the innovative environment. The data on regional research output may be of assistance to further regional socio-economic research. The data set includes statistical indicators for 85 Russian regions for 2010—2020, as reported by ROSSTAT. The data on the number off publications and variations therein were obtained from Scopus, the largest unified curated multidisciplinary abstract and citation database. The results are presented as tables and cartographical materials (three tables and six map charts).
This textbook is an introduction to economic networks, intended for students and researchers in the fields of economics and applied mathematics. The textbook emphasizes quantitative modeling, with the main underlying tools being graph theory, linear algebra, fixed point theory and programming. The text is suitable for a one-semester course, taught either to advanced undergraduate students who are comfortable with linear algebra or to beginning graduate students.
The article deals with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on indicators of migration outflow from the Trans-Baikal Territory and interpretation of the results obtained based on the authors’ theoretical provisions concerning the sustainability of a regional political system (a constituent entity of a federal state). The analysis of theoretical approaches to sustainability of the political system allowed us to formulate the essence of the sustainability towards the regional political system operating within the framework of the federal organization of political and territorial space of the state. The analysis of migration processes and comparison of the results of the similar periods (before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the pandemic) revealed a general trend of non-decreasing migration outflow of the population from the Trans-Baikal Territory. The restrictive conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic had little impact on the quantitative indicators of migration in the Trans-Baikal Territory, without reducing negative migration balance. The obtained results allowed us to conclude that the regional political system is unstable – it is unable to create comfortable and attractive living conditions for the regional community.
Aurelio Patelli, Andrea Zaccaria, Luciano Pietronero
We present an integrated database suitable for the investigations of the Economic development of countries by using the Economic Fitness and Complexity framework. Firstly, we implement machine learning techniques to reconstruct the database of Trade of Services and we integrate it with the database of the Trade of the physical Goods, generating a complete view of the International Trade and denoted the Universal database. Using this data, we derive a statistically significant network of interaction of the Economic activities, where preferred paths of development and clusters of High-Tech industries naturally emerge. Finally, we compute the Economic Fitness, an algorithmic assessment of the competitiveness of countries, removing the unexpected misbehaviour of Economies under-represented by the sole consideration of the Trade of the physical Goods.
The existing theorization of development economics and transition economics is probably inadequate and perhaps even flawed to accurately explain and analyze a dual economic system such as that in China. China is a country in the transition of dual structure and system. The reform of its economic system has brought off a long period of transformation. The allocation of factors is subjected to the dualistic regulation of planning or administration and market due to the dualistic system, and thus the signal distortion will be a commonly seen existence. From the perspective of balanced and safe growth, the institutional distortions of population birth, population flow, land transaction and housing supply, with the changing of export, may cause great influences on the production demand, which includes the iterative contraction of consumption, the increase of export competitive cost, the widening of urban-rural income gap, the transferring of residents' income and the crowding out of consumption. In view of the worldwide shift from a conservative model with more income than expenditure to the debt-based model with more expenditure than income and the need for loose monetary policy, we must explore a basic model that includes variables of debt and land assets that affecting money supply and price changes, especially in China, where the current debt ratio is high and is likely to rise continuously. Based on such a logical framework of dualistic system economics and its analysis method, a preliminary calculation system is formed through the establishment of models.