Hasil untuk "Public law"

О. P. Hetmanets, D. V. Korobtsova

The essence of a financial offense in the conditions of war in Ukraine has been studied, the content of which, according to doctrinal approaches, is associated with violation of financial legislation. The features of a financial offense have been identified, the consideration of which determines the financial security of the country. The place of the financial and legal liability relations in the system of financial and legal relations has been analyzed, and it has been determined that financial offenses differ in specific features which are related to various spheres of financial legal relations, i.e. budgetary, tax, banking and others. The general and specific signs and properties of a financial offense have been identified, and the differences between a financial offense and a military financial offense have been substantiated. It has been established that the general signs of an offense, such as illegality, damage, guilt, action (inaction), and punishability, acquire economic and legal meaning in financial relations during martial law, as they characterize the activities of authorized competent officials in the formation, distribution, and use of public financial resources allocated by the state for protection and defense. The following special signs of a financial offense in wartime have been defined: the object of financial legal relations is public finances at the disposal of the military; the subject of financial legal relations is participants in financial activities, military personnel; the existence of a distinct type of legal liability – financial and legal. It has been proven that national security and defense depend on the state's ability to counter financial offenses, as it relies on the use of public financial resources, their lawful formation, distribution and use, which requires the recognition of a financial offense in wartime as a military offense and the ability to prevent it from being committed. The author’s definition of the concept of “military financial offense” is formulated as a violation of financial legislation regarding the formation, distribution and use of public financial resources aimed at organizing military service and performing military duty.

Sylwia Łakoma

The aim of this study is to shed light on legal issues of proceedings in the case of granting cash benefits under social assistance in the aspect of one of the negative obligatory premises, i.e. lack of consent for a family interview (Article 107(4a) of the Social Assistance Act). This study is part two of an article whose part one focused on selected optional negative premises. The interview referred to above, carried out in particular with persons (families) applying for social assistance support, is intended to detail comprehensively the applicant’s situation, taking into account all circumstances of the case that may affect the right to a specific cash benefit. Given this, a refusal to take part in such interview, and thus making it impossible to establish facts relating to the applicant’s situation, forces a refusal to grant a cash benefit. This article intends, inter alia, to approximate the understanding of the meaning of the phrase “lack of consent”, which belongs to the category of undefined concepts. The article attempts to answer the question of whether relevant legal measures stipulated in the Social Assistance Act are sufficiently precise and clearly formulated to facilitate and, as a result, enable social assistance authorities to make decisions on the granting of cash benefits from social assistance, and if not, whether judicial decisions of administrative courts may be helpful here. This study is based on an analysis of the provisions of the Social Assistance Act, views of legal scholars and commentators and judicial decisions of administrative courts. The provisions of the quoted legal act – given the premise in question – do not seem to be formulated clearly and precisely enough (similar to what is the case of optional negative premises) to facilitate social assistance bodies in issuing decisions in cases of granting cash benefits from social assistance. This is due to the legislator’s failure to specify the phrase cited. For purely objective reasons, it does not seem entirely possible, which does not change the fact that in practice it leads to many doubts in interpretation. Some help in determining its meaning may be provided by judicial decisions of administrative courts.

Gabriela Reed, Hansel Lugo, Rachel Sayko Adams et al.

Abstract Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common in people with substance use disorders (SUDs). TBI often results in cognitive deficits which can affect the clinical course of SUD. Case presentation Here we present the case of a 34-year-old Spanish-speaking man with severe opioid use disorder and two prior TBIs affecting his cognitive abilities. He was linked to outpatient addiction specialty care at a community health center. After identification of his TBI history, his care team, which included a language-concordant physician and peer recovery coach, worked to develop a treatment plan that accounted for his unique cognitive deficits and behavioral challenges. He was also connected with community resources including a rehabilitation program designed for people with TBI. These individualized aspects of treatment helped to better engage and retain the patient in quality care for his SUD. Conclusions By identifying TBI history in people with SUDs, the treatment plan can be tailored to accommodate TBI-related deficits. An effective care plan should incorporate not only medical providers, but also resources such as peer recovery supports and TBI-focused rehabilitation programs when and where they are available, with an emphasis on improving functional capacity.

Luis Arroyo Jiménez

SUMARIO: 1. LA VINCULACIÓN CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN PÚBLICA Y DEL DERECHO ADMINISTRATIVO.—2. DERECHO ADMINISTRATIVO Y ESTADO DE DERECHO: 2.1. La cláusula del Estado de Derecho.; 2.2. Elementos estructurales; 2.3. Elementos sustantivos; 2.4. Elementos formales.—3. DERECHO ADMINISTRATIVO Y ESTADO SOCIAL: 3.1.- La cláusula del Estado social; 3.2. Dimensión material; 3.3. Dimensión instrumental.—4. DERECHO ADMINISTRATIVO Y ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO: 4.1. Democracia representativa; 4.2. Democracia participativa; 4.3. Principios instrumentales.—5. DERECHO ADMINISTRATIVO Y ESTADO AUTONÓMICO: 5.1. La cláusula del Estado autonómico; 5.2. Autonomía; 5.3. Unidad; 5.4. Solidaridad.—6. DERECHO ADMINISTRATIVO Y APERTURA INTERNACIONAL.—7. BIBLIOGRAFÍA: 7.1. Bibliografía citada; 7.2. Bibliografía complementaria recomendada.

Katarzyna Miszczyńska

Aslan Kh. Abashidze, Elena E. Gulyaeva, Elena N. Trikoz

The article presents the main trends in rule-making practice in the field of international law, which were summarized on the basis of expert reports and abstracts at the Conference of the European Society of International Law (ESIL) in autumn of 2021. The authors of the article are ESIL members and have previously made reports at its forums. In this review, they analyzed the materials of thematic seminars of “working groups”, “agoras” and “forums” of the Conference. The debates touched upon the impact of the digital revolution on the form and content of international lawmaking, discussed the influx of informal norms and standards in this area, maintaining the integrity of national systems and rationality of “soft law”, spread of the so-called “expert codifications”, ensuring the harmonization of domestic legality and lawmaking of non-state actors, taking into account corporate and civil-public interests in the law-making process, international negotiations and practice of states, demand for interdisciplinary paradigms, approaches and methods in situations of collisions of legal regimes and formation of “living law”. The authors of the review conclude that modern international law is under-going significant “digital recalibration” and is developing on the basis of new technologies from hyperformalism to hyperfactualism.

Cadernos Ibero-Americanos de Direito Sanitário

Volume 10, Suplemento, dez. 2021 ISSN 2358-1824 Cadernos Ibero-Americanos de Direito Sanitário (CIADS) é uma publicação trilíngue (português, espanhol e inglês), trimestral, de acesso livre, editada pelo Programa de Direito Sanitário da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Brasília. É dirigida a professores, pesquisadores e estudantes de Direito, Ciências da Saúde e Ciências Sociais; operadores do Direito; profissionais de saúde e gestores de serviços e sistemas de saúde. Seu objetivo é difundir e estimular o desenvolvimento do Direito Sanitário na região ibero-americana, promovendo o debate dos grandes temas e dos principais desafios do Direito Sanitário contemporâneo. EQUIPE EDITORIAL Editora-chefe Sandra Mara Campos Alves - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Brasília, Brasil Editora-executiva Glaucia Cruz - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Brasília, Brasil Assistente editorial Danilo Silva Santos Rocha - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Brasília, Brasil CONSELHO EDITORIAL CIENTÍFICO André den Exter Erasmus University Rotterdam, Erasmus School of Law, Holanda André Dias Pereira Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal Angel Pelayo Gonzáles-Torre Universidad Internacional Menéndez Pelayo, Espanha Caristina Robaina Aguirre Instituto Nacional de Salud de los Trabajadores, Cuba Eli Iola Gurgel Andrade Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Medicina, Brasil Giancarlo Corsi Università Degli Studi Di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Itália Hernando Torres Corredor Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Derecho, Ciencias Políticas y Sociailes, Colômbia Joaquín Cayon de las Cuevas Universidad de Cantabria, Facultad de Derecho, Espanha Jose Geraldo de Sousa Junior Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Direito, Brasil Márcio Nunes Iorio Aranha Oliveira Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Direito, Brasil Maria Célia Delduque Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Brasil Miriam Ventura da Silva Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Brasil Paula Lobato de Faria Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Portugal Vera Lucia Raposo Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Direito, Portugal

Oleksiy Mazurenko, Inna Tiutiunyk

This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the generalization of the main vectors of the tax competitiveness theory’s development. The main purpose of the article is to analyze and systematize the research of scientists on the formation of tax competitiveness of the country, to identify the relationship of tax competitiveness with other economic categories, to determine the most promising areas of research on this issue. The results of trend analysis of scientific publications on tax competitiveness, indexed by Scopus and Web of Science scientometric databases, show a gradual increase in the relevance of these issues. The average growth rate of the number of publications on tax competitiveness in the Scopus database exceeds 12%, and in the Web of Science database – 45%. The methodological tools of the bibliometric analysis are VOSViewer v.1.6.10 and Scopus and Web of Science database analysis tools. The object of analysis is 4,598 publications indexed in the Web of Science database and 4,898 publications indexed in the Scopus database. The issues of international tax competitiveness became most relevant in 2003-2005, which coincided with the period of aggravation of the global economic crisis, which was accompanied by a significant reduction in tax revenues to budgets. The article identifies the top 10 Journals, most of which are indexed simultaneously by two databases and are part of the first quarter, in which the issue of tax competitiveness was considered most often. The study empirically confirms and theoretically proves the intersectoral nature of the study of the problem of the country’s tax competitiveness. According to the Web of Science database, issues of tax competitiveness were most often considered within the subject areas of Economics (39% of publications); Business Finance (6%); Environmental Studies (6%); Political Science (5%); Law (4%); Urban Studies (3%); Business (3%); Management (3%); Environmental Sciences (2%); Public Administration (2%); Regional Urban Planning (2%); International Relations (2%); Operations Research Management Science 2%) and others (21%), while according to the Scopus database – Economics, Econometrics and Finance (published 28% of all papers); Social Sciences (21%); Business, Management and Accounting (13%); Engineering (7%); Environmental Science (7%); Medicine (5%); Energy (4%); Computer Science (2%); Arts and Humanities (2%); Decision Sciences (2%); Earth and Planetary Sciences (1%); Materials Science (1%); Agricultural and Biological Sciences (1%); Others (6%). The paper clusters international research networks on tax competitiveness by geographical area and identifies 5 clusters of cooperation of scientists in the preparation of publications indexed in the Web of Science database and 4 clusters – in the preparation of publications indexed in the Scopus database. According to the results of the analysis of metadata of publications devoted to the tax competitiveness, 14672 keywords, the frequency of use of which exceeds 5, were identified and grouped into 5 patterns. Most often, the concept of tax competitiveness is associated with the concepts of tax, economics, competition, costs, taxation.

Aleksandra Pyka

This article deals with the issue of impact assessment for the protection of personal data. This is a new obligation for the controller. The article presents the essence of impact assessment (DPIA), exclusion from the obligation to carry it out, the prerequisite for mandatory DPIA, the role of the data protection officer and the powers of the supervisory authority. The analysis of legal provisions related to the impact assessment presented here does not refer to specific situations, due to the wide scope for interpreting specific phrases contained in the General Regulation. Nevertheless, the article discusses the issue of conducting data protection impact assessments as one of the most problematic obligations incumbent on the controller, who in practice raises many doubts. The DPIA has been imprecisely regulated by the EU legislator, thus leaving controllers plenty of leeway to interpret the terms used in the General Regulation. In addition, carrying out a DPIA in practice (as a new obligation on entities setting the purposes and means of data processing) can be problematic due to the lack of harmonized methods for conducting a data protection impact assessment. However, controllers cannot assign DPIA implementation to other entities involved in data processing, such as an entity processing personal data on behalf of another. Entities setting the purposes and methods of data processing should not only take into account the provisions of the General Regulation but also a list of data processing operations that are obligatorily subject to DPIA. Controllers fulfilling the obligation to carry out a data protection impact assessment will be obliged by the supervisory authority to demonstrate how to carry out a data protection impact assessment.

Edward James Sinaga

Pemimpin dapat dibentuk melalui berbagai cara. Salah satu cara untuk pembentukan kemampuan kepemimpinan adalah melalui pendidikan dan pelatihan. Pendidikan dan pelatihankepemimpinan sesuai dengan Peraturan Kepala Lembaga Administrasi Negara Nomor 18, 19, dan 20 Tahun 2015 tentang Pedoman Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Kepemimpinan Tingkat II, III, dan IV.Pendidikan dan pelatihan tersebut menggunakan pendekatan atau pola yang baru dengan proyek perubahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pelaksanaan pendidikan dan pelatihanserta kesinambungan proyek perubahan. Penelitianini meliputi tigahal yaitu perencanaan proyek perubahan, pelaksanaan pasca pendidikan dan pelatihan, serta harapan dan tantangan dalam pelaksanaannya.Salahsatukuncikeberhasilanproyekperubahanadalahkedisiplinandalam eksekusi, sehingga proyek perubahan dapat diimplementasikan. Untuk itu perlu pengaturan evaluasi pasca pendidikan dan pelatihan melalui peraturan Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia.

Luiz Rodrigues Araújo Filho, Glauciene da Mota Barros Caetano

Esta produção apresenta uma análise da constitucionalidade do requisito baixa renda na concessão do benefício de auxílio-reclusão. Para tal realiza um levantamento histórico das políticas públicas do Estado, e ainda o papel da igreja ao longo da história no assistencialismo. Este trabalho apresenta os requisitos para a concessão do auxílio-reclusão, discute as atuais regras que garantem esse direito aos beneficiários, com destaque especial para a Constituição Federal, que tem a previsão desse benefício, e a Lei nº 8.213/1991, que o regulamenta. Nesse viés deixa-se demonstrado a jusfundamentalidade do benefício auxílio-reclusão, a partir do estudo da Teoria do Mínimo Existencial e do Risco Social, que são base para concessão do benefício em comento, faz-se aqui uma discussão do benefício frente a Dignidade da Pessoa Humana, princípio fundamental do Estado Brasileiro. Trata também, das alterações na concessão do auxílio-reclusão trazidas pela Emenda Constitucional nº 20 de 1998. Por fim, conclui-se que a referida Emenda é inconstitucional, pois leva em consideração, no momento da concessão do benefício de auxílio-reclusão, a renda do segurado preso, e não a do beneficiário.

Gayannée Kedia, Lasana Harris, Gert-Jan Lelieveld et al.

Social neuroscience aims to understand the biological systems that underlie people’s thoughts, feelings and actions in light of the social context in which they operate. Over the past few decades, social neuroscience has captured the interest of scholars, practitioners, and experts in other disciplines, as well as the general public who more and more draw upon the insights and methods of social neuroscience to explain, predict and change behavior. With the popularity of the field growing, it has become increasingly important to consider the validity of social neuroscience findings as well as what questions it can and cannot address. In the present review article, we examine the contribution of social neuroscience to economics, health, and law, three domains with clear societal relevance. We address the concerns that the extrapolation of neuroscientific results to applied social issues raises within each of these domains, and we suggest guidelines and good practices to circumvent these concerns.

Anđelić Slađana, Savić Slobodan

Introduction. Diagnosing death represents an activity that carries a great deal of public responsibility for medical professionals and is continually exposed to the control of citizens and media. Although this is a taboo subject in medical circles, unfortunately in medical practice there are situations when the physician issues a death diagnosis form without even examining the person or for an already buried person. Such physician’s action is impermissible and it leads to the possibility of professional and criminal law punishment. Case Outline. By giving examples from practice, we wish to point out the need for exceptional caution when confirming and diagnosing death in order to diagnose the true, i.e. rule out apparent death and consequently avoid the mistake of declaring dead someone still alive. Conclusion. When confirming and declaring death, exceptional caution of the physician is necessary so as not to declare dead someone still alive!

Mónica Lilly Serrato Moreno

En Colombia existió una legislación en la que el ascenso para los empleados públicos con derechos de carrera tenía un alcance mayor; la reglamentación actual dejó de lado un sistema cerrado que, lejos de ser discriminatorio, permitía hacer efectiva la garantía de una ventaja para quien podía aspirar a obtener un ascenso a partir del mérito y la experiencia adquiridos con anterioridad a su proceso de promoción. Hoy existe la necesidad de implementar mecanismos que permitan al empleado de carrera ascender, crecer y desarrollarse; la consolidación de un sistema protector, impulsador y profesionalizante, que incentive a los servidores en los cuales recae la responsabilidad de mantener vivo el aparato estatal.

Amy Zarzeczny Christen Rachul

The interest and controversy generated by stem cell research over the past decade has raised hopes for scientific breakthroughs and debates regarding the limits of ethical research. In particular, the debate surrounding the moral status of the embryo has received considerable attention in scientific and political arenas. However, coverage in the public arena of the elite press is less clear. We explore and reflect on the coverage of this debate in the public realm of the elite press in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada, by examining newspaper articles from each jurisdiction collected over a period of two decades

ALBERTO MORALES TÁMARA

E. Zoller

Laura Davis Mattar

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa cujo principal objetivo foi conhecer como se dá o exercício da sexualidade por parte de adolescentes privados de liberdade. Os dados foram coletados em três estados do nordeste brasileiro, que adotaram a política pública de oferecer visitas 'íntimas' aos jovens em conflito com a lei. Os resultados apresentam o perfil dos adolescentes, a vida sexual e os cuidados com a saúde antes da internação, o exercício da sexualidade no interior da instituição e, por fim, a visita íntima do ponto de vista dos entrevistados. Com base nesses dados e nos direitos dos adolescentes à autonomia; à participação; à igualdade e não discriminação, à integridade corporal e à saúde, essa política pública foi avaliada. Recomendações para aperfeiçoá-la foram tecidas, de modo a melhor atender aos direitos sexuais de jovens privados de liberdade.<br>This article presents the results of a research whose main goal was to know how imprisoned adolescents express their sexuality. The data were collected in three Brazilian northeast states that had adopted the public policy of offering 'intimate' visits to youngsters in conflict with the law. The results present the adolescents' profile, their sexual life and health care before the imprisonment, their sexual life inside the institution and, finally, the 'intimate' visits from the youngsters' point of view. This public policy was evaluated considering both the collected data and the adolescents' rights to autonomy, participation, equality, non-discrimination, corporal integrity and health. As conclusion, recommendations were made in order to make the public policy of 'intimate' visits more adequate to attend the sexual rights of imprisoned adolescents.

Nicholas Bamforth, P. Leyland

J. Blackman, A. Healy, E. Ruppert

Part H of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (originally enacted as Public Law 99-457) requires that participating states phase in a system of early intervention services by 1993. By recognizing the importance of good health in the development of infants and toddlers, Congress acknowledged the key role of medical care providers in a comprehensive program for young children with or at risk for developmental delay or dysfunction. National and state surveys of pediatricians suggest limited but growing awareness of this legislation and uncertainty about how they might participate effectively. A chief concern relates to mechanisms of payment for developmental screening and assessment as well as time-demands for participation in interdisciplinary team activities. The American Academy of Pediatrics and its state chapters are responding to requests for information with educational seminars and print materials. Pediatricians can enhance the quality of community support services for children with special needs by participating in planning efforts and by coordinating health care with other aspects of early intervention. Other professionals and parents are looking to pediatricians for leadership and willing participation in the implementation of PL 99-457.