Hasil untuk "Packaging"

J. Rhim, Hwanman Park, C. Ha

Abstract There is growing interest in developing bio-based polymers and innovative process technologies that can reduce the dependence on fossil fuel and move to a sustainable materials basis. Bio-nanocomposites open an opportunity for the use of new, high performance, light weight green nanocomposite materials making them to replace conventional non-biodegradable petroleum-based plastic packaging materials. So far, the most studied bio-nanocomposites suitable for packaging applications are starch and cellulose derivatives, polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). The most promising nanoscale fillers are layered silicate nanoclays such as montmorillonite and kaolinite. In food packaging, a major emphasis is on the development of high barrier properties against the diffusion of oxygen, carbon dioxide, flavor compounds, and water vapor. Moreover, several nanostructures can be useful to provide active and/or smart properties to food packaging systems, as exemplified by antimicrobial properties, oxygen scavenging ability, enzyme immobilization, or indication of the degree of exposure to some detrimental factors such as inadequate temperatures or oxygen levels. Challenges remain in increasing the compatibility between clays and polymers and reaching complete dispersion of nanoparticles. This review focuses on the enhancement of packaging performance of the green materials as well as their biodegradability, antimicrobial properties, and mechanical and thermal properties for food packaging application. The preparation, characterization and application of biopolymer-based nanocomposites with organic layered silicate and other fillers, and their application in the food packaging sector are also discussed.

S. Morita, T. Kojima, T. Kitamura

H. Bakoglu

P. Appendini, J. Hotchkiss

M. Ghaani, C. Cozzolino, G. Castelli et al.

A. Ferrer, Lokendra Pal, M. Hubbe

Santosh Kumar, A. Shukla, Partha Pratim Baul et al.

Abstract Due to stringent environmental regulations, packaging industry is exploring economically viable biodegradable packaging materials for food use with desired properties and less impact on the environment. Biopolymers such as chitosan, gelatin have emerged as effective alternatives to plastic packaging materials, with desired packaging functionality and biodegradability. In this present work, we have successfully fabricated hybrid nanocomposite film consisting of chitosan, gelatin, polyethylene glycol and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by solution casting method. A series of films was prepared having different contents of AgNPs and chitosan. Nano-Ag addition led to enhanced mechanical properties and decrease in light transmittance in visible light region. However, transparency studies, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy confirmed transparent and homogenous nature for all newly prepared films indicating the uniform distribution of the components in the developed films. Further studies on packaging of red grapes indicated that the shelf life of the fruit extended for additional two weeks in case of the hybrid film. Therefore, the results of the present study can be further explored to fabricate commercially viable and effective packaging material for food applications.

Isaac Keslassy, Ilay Yavlovich, Jose Yallouz et al.

This paper aims to apply two major scaling transformations from the computing packaging industry to internet routers: the heterogeneous integration of high-bandwidth memories (HBMs) and chiplets, as well as in-package optics. We propose a novel internet router architecture that employs these technologies to achieve a petabit/sec router within a single integrated package. At the top-level, we introduce a novel split-parallel switch architecture that spatially divides (without processing) the incoming fibers and distributes them across smaller independent switches without intermediate OEO conversions or fine-tuned per-packet load-balancing. This passive spatial division enables scaling at the cost of a coarser traffic load balancing. Yet, through extensive evaluations of backbone network traffic, we demonstrate that differences with fine-tuned approaches are small. In addition, we propose a novel HBM-based shared-memory architecture for the implementation of the smaller independent switches, and we introduce a novel parallel frame interleaving algorithm that packs traffic into frames so that HBM banks are accessed at peak HBM data rates in a cyclical interleaving manner. We further discuss why these new technologies represent a paradigm shift in the design of future internet routers. Finally, we emphasize that power consumption may constitute the primary bottleneck to scaling.

Marleen Martens, Jan Bastiaens, Koen Deforce et al.

During a rescue excavation in the (former) outskirts of the Roman small town or vicus of Elewijt (community of Zemst, Belgium), a deposit of copper alloy bowls was discovered containing plant remains preserved through contact with copper oxides originating from the corrosion of the artefacts. The most recent vessel was produced in the 3rd c. CE. An inscription on the bottom of one of the bowls mentions three names, possibly members of a family who deposited the vessels. The relevance of this ensemble for the understanding of private ritual practice in Roman Gallia is first evaluated by reflecting on the use of these copper alloy vessels prior to the deposition. Second, the botanical remains are analysed to investigate whether they were simply packaging material or whether the plants were intentionally selected as a decorative or spiritual component of the deposition, possibly in the form of a garland or a crown. The proposed interpretation of the group is not entirely conclusive but undoubtedly thought-provoking.

Giorgia Giusti, Julien Bras, Eleonora Balducci et al.

The extensive use of synthetic plastic-based materials in packaging raises serious environmental and health concerns, driving the search for sustainable alternatives. Cellulose, as a renewable bio-based polymer, presents a promising solution; however, its hydrophilicity restricts its application in moisture-sensitive environments. The incorporation of bio-based coatings can enhance water resistance, yet scalable and efficient strategies remain a challenge in the food and beverage packaging sector. In this study, we present a fully bio-based coating system based on thermally polymerized Tung oil for producing functional cellulose-based materials with enhanced hydrophobicity. The influence of coating thickness, curing temperature, and curing time was investigated through ATR-FTIR, DSC, and TGA analyses, identifying 170 °C for 20 min as the optimal condition to achieve total crosslinking. After dispersion in dimethyl carbonate, Tung oil was applied to cellulose sheets and thermally cured, resulting in significantly improved water repellence while complying with European food contact regulations, as demonstrated by migration tests. Notably, the system was successfully integrated into commercial cellulose substrates, enabling the thermo-forming of 3D structures. Even at only 1 w/w % Tung oil loading, the water absorption of cellulose cups decreased by over 90 % compared to uncoated samples. Furthermore, recyclability tests confirmed that the thermo-formed cellulose objects treated with Tung oil remain completely recyclable into the paper stream. This study proposes a sustainable and potentially scalable strategy for the production of fully bio-based, recyclable, food compliant, and hydrophobic cellulose-based materials, offering a promising alternative to conventional plastic-based materials.

Abu Sied, Eun-Su Lee, Kwon-Wook Chun et al.

We developed a complete packaging strategy for a 128-channel optical phased array (OPA) for Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) applications operating at a 1550 nm wavelength. The process comprised three major steps: waveguide end-facet polishing, fiber-to-optical waveguide pigtailing, and electrical wire bonding. Sequential polishing with silicon carbide paper followed by colloidal silica reduced coupling losses to 0.74 dB per facet. An automated fiber alignment setup was used to perform edge coupling. The electrical connections, formed under optimized wire-bonding conditions (18 mW ultrasonic power), achieved a bond strength of 4.66 gf while maintaining electrode-pad integrity. The final packaged device demonstrated uniform optical throughput, with a throughput power variation maintained below 0.2 dB following the packaging process, and a uniform electrical resistance of 0.48% across all 128 channels, verifying the process stability and packaging integrity. These results confirmed that the proposed packaging scheme offers a dependable route for photonic integration in LiDAR applications.

Theeranun Janjarasskul, P. Suppakul

D. Schaefer, W. Cheung

Abstract The global market for smart packaging is expected to reach $26.7bn by 2024. Smart packaging refers to packaging systems with embedded sensor technology used with foods, pharmaceuticals, and many other types of products. It is used to extend shelf life, monitor freshness, display information on quality, and improve product and customer safety. In addition, smart packaging offers new business opportunities based on digitization and thus fits into the broader realm of Industry 4.0. In this paper, the authors provide an introductory overview of smart packaging and discuss its underlying base technologies. This is followed by a presentation of potential benefits and emerging opportunities in the packaging sector, contrasted by a number of challenges that first have to be overcome for smart packaging to reach its full potential. Finally, conclusions are drawn and an outlook towards the future, critical research areas to work in, and potential lessons to be learned from associated areas are presented.

Alexandre Decan, T. Mens, P. Grosjean

Nearly every popular programming language comes with one or more package managers. The software packages distributed by such package managers form large software ecosystems. These packaging ecosystems contain a large number of package releases that are updated regularly and that have many dependencies to other package releases. While packaging ecosystems are extremely useful for their respective communities of developers, they face challenges related to their scale, complexity, and rate of evolution. Typical problems are backward incompatible package updates, and the risk of (transitively) depending on packages that have become obsolete or inactive. This manuscript uses the libraries.io dataset to carry out a quantitative empirical analysis of the similarities and differences between the evolution of package dependency networks for seven packaging ecosystems of varying sizes and ages: Cargo for Rust, CPAN for Perl, CRAN for R, npm for JavaScript, NuGet for the .NET platform, Packagist for PHP, and RubyGems for Ruby. We propose novel metrics to capture the growth, changeability, reusability and fragility of these dependency networks, and use these metrics to analyze and compare their evolution. We observe that the dependency networks tend to grow over time, both in size and in number of package updates, while a minority of packages are responsible for most of the package updates. The majority of packages depend on other packages, but only a small proportion of packages accounts for most of the reverse dependencies. We observe a high proportion of “fragile” packages due to a high and increasing number of transitive dependencies. These findings are instrumental for assessing the quality of a package dependency network, and improving it through dependency management tools and imposed policies.

Penelope Beall, Nikola Kuzmanovski, Yu Oliver Li et al.

We introduce the package MacaulayPosets written for the computational algebra system Macaulay2. This package utilized the poset data type introduced in the Posets package and offers functionality for studying the Macaulay property for posets, particularly those which arise as monomial posets of commutative rings. A Macaulay poset is characterized by a ranked structure and a total order that interacts harmoniously with the partial order, enabling the establishment of bounds on the sizes of subsets of a given rank within an order ideal.

Mustafa Yucel

Abstract Background Environmental and public health impacts are critical in the food processing industry. To demonstrate responsiveness to stakeholder expectations, firms foreground sustainability reporting through frameworks such as Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Yet the sustainability rhetoric usually centers on visible, marketable, and peripheral dimensions, including packaging, energy use, and philanthropy. In contrast, domains within their core operations, including product composition, nutritional quality, and marketing ethics, receive limited attention. Subsequently, concerns over the commercial determinants of health rise, particularly for vulnerable populations. Methods The study follows an embedded mixed-methods design to examine whether sustainability disclosures align with firms’ innovation strategies. Using 2023 data from 90 multinational or export-oriented food processing firms, hierarchical and multiple regression models assess the effects of ESG sub-dimensions and CSR scores on R&D expenditure, controlling for market capitalization (MC). To complement the quantitative analysis, the study includes a qualitative examination of selected firms, illustrating how sustainability-innovation gaps manifest in practice. Results Findings reveal no systematic alignment between sustainability and innovation strategies. The environmental dimension shows a marginally positive yet statistically insignificant relationship with R&D, while social, governance, and CSR metrics exhibit no meaningful association. MC remains the strongest predictor of R&D, highlighting that financial and organizational capacity drives innovation rather than sustainability commitment. Notably, CSR aligns more closely with environmental than social performance, indicating a selective legitimacy orientation. Firm-level evidence also reflects the patterns of symbolic compliance, illustrating how strong ESG scores can coexist with weak sustainability integration. Conclusion The weak coupling between sustainability communication and innovation behavior exposes a structural gap between corporate legitimacy efforts and tangible outcomes for sustainable development. Firms that prioritize reputational visibility over substantive innovation reinforce health inequities and constrain systemic reform. To enhance environmental and public health outcomes, both corporate and regulatory strategies should move beyond symbolic compliance toward outcome-based accountability. Such a shift can better incentivize innovation that enhances nutritional quality, strengthens social equity, and protects environmental integrity.

E. N. Shleenkova, S. Yu. Bazhin, V. Yu. Bogatyreva

With the active development and wide use of positron emission tomography, ensuring radiation safety in matters of irradiation of the skin of the hands of personnel, has become very important. Work with radiopharmaceuticals labeled with various radionuclides is characterized by fairly close contact with a source of ionizing radiation, during which the skin of the hands can be irradiated in significant doses. Thus, the effect of ionizing radiation on the skin of the hands is one of the main problems of radiation protection of personnel at nuclear medicine centers. The work of personnel at nuclear medicine centers, depending on the nature of the actions performed, can be divided into two types: predominantly manual processes (nurses – packaging and administration of drugs, analytical chemists – quality control) and predominantly automated processes (radiochemical engineers – synthesis, packaging into vials). The individual equivalent doses to the skin of the hands of nurses, analytical chemists and radiochemical engineers working with 18F-based radiopharmaceuticals were estimated using thermoluminescence dosimetry with individual dosimeters calibrated in terms of Hp(0.07). The maximum annual value obtained fo radiochemical engineers was 7.8 mSv, which is 1.56% of the dose limit, and for analytical chemists it was 171 mSv, which is 34% of the dose limit (mean value was 28 mSv, median was 8.8 mSv, minimum value was 4.6 mSv). At the same time, nurses, who are mainly engaged in the packaging and administration of radiopharmaceuticals, have higher values of annual doses in the skin of the hands (mean value – 114 mSv, median – 56 mSv, minimum value – 1.3 mSv). The maximum value of the annual dose in the skin of the hands, recorded during the work, for a nurse was 573 mSv, i.e. the dose limit of 500 mSv was exceeded. The results of the work indicate that specialists involved in manual processes when manipulating radiopharmaceuticals require special attention from the standpoint of individual dosimetric control of the irradiation dose to the skin of the hands and compliance with radiation safety requirements.

Maddie Leestma, Thomas E. Novotny, Ronald Shadbegian et al.

Abstract Tobacco Product Waste (TPW), which includes discarded cigarette butts, packaging materials, e-cigarette components, and other tobacco-related litter, is a growing environmental concern. TPW represents the most commonly littered waste item globally, yet its economic environmental impact is often underestimated. Discarded cigarette butts are not only a public nuisance; they release toxic chemicals and plastic into the environment, posing risks to ecosystems and human health. Cities have conducted litter audits to support TPW mitigation policies, including applying litter fees to tobacco products to offset cleanup costs. Such interventions can reduce tobacco product waste, particularly in communities and environmental settings most affected by tobacco use. Voluntary cleanups by communities, environmental advocacy organizations, and concerned citizens have emerged as a response to TPW. However, TPW cleanups currently lack standardized protocols, hindering effective monitoring and policy development. This study conducted a limited review of published reports and found that various non-profit organizations lack standardized data collection methods. To address this, we recommend a standardized approach that includes elements such as hours spent collecting TPW and number of volunteers involved, which can then be assigned a monetary value to the person-hours expended during these events. This proposed method makes it possible to estimate some of the negative economic externalities attributable to TPW pollution to order to inform policy and surveillance activities.

M. Sohail, Da‐Wen Sun, Zhiwei Zhu

Muhammad Rabnawaz, Ian W. Wyman, R. Auras et al.