Hasil untuk "Oils, fats, and waxes"

Jesús. M. Marcos, Yifan Li, Mark Fasano et al.

This work presents a Monte Carlo (MC) based microscopic model for simulating the extraction of oil from oil-in-water emulsions under the influence of surface acoustic waves (SAWs). The proposed model is a two-dimensional Ising-lattice gas model that employs Kawasaki dynamics to mimic the interactions between oil, water, and air, as well as external forces such as gravity and acoustic stress. By incorporating both acoustic streaming and acoustic radiation pressure, the model captures key experimental observations, including selective oil extraction and droplet motion under SAW excitation. The results highlight the critical role of acoustic radiation pressure in enabling oil film formation and detachment, governed by the balance between capillary and acoustic stresses. The study provides qualitative agreement with experimental findings and offers insights into the essential mechanisms driving acoustowetting-induced phase separation, demonstrating the utility of discrete modeling for complex fluid dynamics problems.

Hellockston Gomes de Brito, Carla Wilza Souza de Paula Maitelli, Osvaldo Chiavone-Filho

Oil and gas reserves are vital resources for the global economy, serving as key components in transportation, energy production, and industrial processes. However, oil and gas extraction and production operations may encounter several challenges, such as pipeline and production line blockages, caused by factors including sediment accumulation, wax deposition, mineral scaling, and corrosion. This study addresses these challenges by employing supervised machine learning techniques, specifically decision trees, the k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) algorithm (k-NN), and the Naive Bayes classifier method, to detect and mitigate flow assurance challenges, ensuring efficient fluid transport. The primary focus is on preventing gas hydrate formation in oil production systems. To achieve this, data preprocessing and cleaning were conducted to ensure the quality and consistency of the dataset, which was sourced from Petrobras publicly available 3W project repository on GitHub. The scikit-learn Python library, a widely recognized open-source tool for supervised machine learning techniques, was utilized for classification tasks due to its robustness and versatility. The results demonstrate that the proposed methodology effectively classifies hydrate formation under operational conditions, with the decision tree algorithm exhibiting the highest predictive accuracy (99.99 percent). Consequently, this approach provides a reliable solution for optimizing production efficiency.

孟庆宇，蒋甜燕,孙日飞，马莉，夏旭明 MENG Qingyu, JIANG Tianyan, SUN Rifei, MA Li, XIA Xuming

为满足食用植物油生产企业脂肪酸组成测定及时性、准确性的要求，采用气相色谱法，选用强极性DB-FastFAME色谱柱对食用植物油的脂肪酸组成进行测定，并对方法的分离度、精密度、准确度及柱效能进行分析。结果表明：采用DB-FastFAME色谱柱可在25 min内分离37种脂肪酸甲酯混标，分离度均不小于1.5，脂肪酸的定性和定量相对标准偏差（RSD）分别小于0.03%和2.3%，分离效果良好且稳定性较好；采用该色谱柱测定菜籽油质控样品的脂肪酸组成，相对误差为-2.50%~9.01%，无法分离反式C18∶ 3，除C18∶ 3n-3和C20∶ 1测定值偏大外，其余脂肪酸准确度良好；DB-FastFAME色谱柱使用1年后，柱效能降低，保留时间后移了0.9 min。综上，DB-FastFAME色谱柱可满足企业低成本、高效率的脂肪酸组成分析要求，但长期使用需关注柱效能变化。 In order to meet the requirements of timeliness and accuracy in the detection of fatty acid composition in edible vegetable oil production enterprises, the fatty acid composition of edible vegetable oil was determined by gas chromatography method with highly polar DB-FastFAME column. The method resolution, precision, accuracy and column efficiency were analyzed. The results showed that the DB-FastFAME column could separate 37 fatty acid methyl esters mixed standard within 25 min, and the resolutions were all no less than 1.5, the relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 0.03% for qualitation and less than 2.3% for quantitation, which indicated that the column had good separation effect and good stability. The fatty acid composition of rapeseed oil quality control sample was determined by this method, and the relative error ranged from -2.50% to 9.01%, which was unable to separate trans C18∶ 3, and the accuracy of the fatty acids was good, except for the measured value of C18∶ 3n-3 and C20∶ 1 being high. After using for 1 year, the column efficiency of DB-FastFAME column decreased and the retention time shifted by 0.9 min. In conclusion, DB-FastFAME column can meet the enterprises requirements of low-cost and high-efficiency fatty acid composition analysis, but the long-term use should be concerned about the column efficiency.

Tianmeng Lei, Yefei Wang, Mingchen Ding et al.

To solve the problem whereby an oil reservoir with applicable boundaries of the current sand-inhibiting and water-control agent is unclear, a supramolecular sand-inhibiting and water-control agent PDKM was prepared using acrylamide (AM), methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC), styrene (SM), and γ-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH570) as comonomers. The molecular structure of PDKM was verified by 1H-NMR and FT-IR. On the basis of establishing an evaluation method that can screen the performance of sand-inhibiting agent at a flow rate of 100 mL/min, the oil reservoir applicable boundaries of PDKM were obtained through the evaluation of sand-inhibiting and water-control performance. The experimental results show that when the concentration of PDKM is 5000 mg/L, the oil reservoir conditions are temperature ≤90 °C, formation water salinity ≤21,249 mg/L, the degree of sand production corresponding to slight sand production and particle migration, crude oil viscosity ≤50 mPa·s, primary water flooding water cut ≥75%, and formation permeability contrast ≤2. The performance with respect to sand inhibiting and water control can all reach an excellent level. Therefore, the PDKM solves the problem whereby the applicability of the current sand-inhibiting and water-control agent is unclear, and provides direction for the selection of suitable products in the oilfield production site.

夏岚1， 刘清雷1， 邓肖丽2, 张鑫鹏1， 张健1，2 XIA Lan1, LIU Qinglei1, DENG Xiaoli2, ZHANG Xinpeng1, ZHANG Jian1,2

旨在提高火麻仁油的稳定性，扩大其在食品工业中的应用，采用火麻仁油为原料，单硬脂酸甘油酯、米糠蜡、蜂蜡、甘蔗蜡和巴西棕榈蜡为凝胶剂，制备火麻仁油凝胶，以持油率和硬度为指标，对凝胶剂种类、凝胶剂复配比例和复合凝胶剂添加量进行优化，并对所得油凝胶的微观结构、流变特性、傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、热学性质（DSC分析）以及运载β-胡萝卜素的储藏稳定性进行表征。结果表明：在甘蔗蜡与米糠蜡质量比1∶ 1、复合凝胶剂添加量8%条件下，所形成的火麻仁油凝胶具有较高的持油率（95.04%）和适中的硬度（147.6 g），油凝胶的晶体分布更加均匀、网络结构更加致密，有利于束缚油脂；相比25 ℃，4 ℃下形成的油凝胶体系的表观黏度、储能模量更高，体系更稳定；FT-IR分析表明，油凝胶体系内部通过氢键、范德华力等分子间作用力实现了自组装或结构单元的构建；DSC结果显示，火麻仁油凝胶体系在45 ℃开始吸热熔化，在冷却过程中，该体系在相同温度下开始结晶，说明该体系具有良好的热稳定性；相较于火麻仁油，火麻仁油凝胶体系中 β-胡萝卜素的保留率更高，降解速度更慢，表明凝胶体系可更好地保护易氧化物质。综上，采用甘蔗蜡与米糠蜡作为复配凝胶剂，以富含不饱和脂肪酸的火麻仁油为基油，可以制备结构稳定、可塑性好、持油率高、具有保护易氧化物质的油凝胶。 Aim to improve the stability of hemp seed oil and expand its application in food industry, hemp seed oleogel was prepared using hemp seed oil as raw material, glycerol monostearate (GMS), rice bran wax (RBW), beeswax (BW), sugarcane wax (SW) and carnauba wax (CBW) as gelators. The types of gelator, the mass ratio and dosage of composite gelator were optimized by taking oil holding rate and hardness as indicators, and the microstructure, rheological properties, Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal properties (DSC analysis) and storage stability for carrying β-carotene of the obtained oleogel were characterized. The results showed that when the mass ratio of SW to RBW was 1∶ 1 and their total dosage was 8%, the hemp seed oleogel had high oil holding rate (95.04%) and moderate hardness (147.6 g), the crystal distribution of the oleogel was more uniform and the network structure was more compact, which was conducive to binding oil. Compared with 25 ℃, the oleogel system formed at 4 ℃ had higher apparent viscosity and storage modulus, and the system was more stable. FT-IR analysis showed that the oleogel system realized self-assembly or structural unit construction by intermolecular forces such as hydrogen bond and van der Waals forces. DSC analysis showed that the hemp seed oleogel system began to absorb heat and melt at 45 ℃, and began to crystallize at the same temperature in the crystallization process, indicating good thermal stability of the system. Compared with hemp seed oil, the retention rate of β -carotene in hemp seed oleogel system was higher and the degradation rate was slower, which indicated that the oleogel system could better protect oxidizable substances. To sum up, an oleogel with a stable structure, good plasticity, high oil holding rate and good protection for oxidizable substances can be prepared by using SW and RBW as composite gelator and hemp seed oil rich in unsaturated fatty acids as base oil.

莫紫梅 MO Zimei

为推动黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)降解技术的应用，寻求高效、快捷、安全的AFB1降解技术，促进食品中黄曲霉毒素的防治工作，对AFB1降解技术（物理降解技术、化学降解技术、生物降解技术）产生的降解产物以及降解后食品安全性评价研究的现状进行了论述，概括了降解技术的不足之处，并对降解技术的发展趋势进行展望。物理降解技术较适合大规模应用，但微波、脉冲电场、低温等离子体等技术仍处于研发阶段，无法确保该技术的安全性与可靠性。化学降解技术的研究比较常见，但存在食品感官品质变差，营养成分损失或破坏，易引入新的化学残留等不足。生物降解技术具有性质温和，不造成食品中营养成分大量损失且绿色环保等优点，但仍处于实验室研发阶段。在今后的研究中，应加强寻找新型纳米材料发展光降解技术、或各种技术联合使用、或利用基因工程联合酶法脱毒等新型技术，同时应更深入地研究降解机制、降解产物、降解路径以及降解产物的安全性。In order to promote the application of aflatoxin B1(AFB1) degradation technology, seek efficient, fast and safe AFB1 degradation technology, and promote the prevention and control of aflatoxin in food, the research status of degradation products produced by AFB1 degradation technology (physical degradation technology, chemical degradation technology, biological degradation technology) and food safety evaluation after degradation were discussed. The shortcomings of degradation technology were summarized, and the development trend of degradation technology was prospected. Physical degradation technology is more suitable for large-scale application, but microwave, pulsed electric field, low temperature plasma and other technologies are still in the research and development stage, which cannot ensure the safety and reliability of the technology. The study of chemical degradation technology is relatively common, but there are some shortcomings, such as poor sensory quality of food, loss or destruction of nutrients, and easy introduction of new chemical residues. Biological degradation technology has the advantages of mild nature, no loss of nutrients in food and green environmental protection, but it is still in the laboratory research and development stage. In the future research, the search for new nanomaterials to develop photodegradation technology, the combination of various technologies, and the use of genetic engineering combined with enzyme detoxification method and other new technologies should be strengthened. At the same time, the degradation mechanism, degradation products, degradation pathways and the safety of degradation products should be further studied.

孙玉萍，刘启东，杨亚，仇长璐，黄国栋，莫泳红，胡金华 SUN Yuping, LIU Qidong, YANG Ya, QIU Changlu, HUANG Guodong, MO Yonghong, HU Jinhua

为了对中包装的大豆油棕榈油煎炸专用调和油配方的开发和煎炸稳定性相关理化指标的选择提供参考，分别以一级大豆油、分提18 ℃棕榈油（一次精炼）及同批次的二次精炼18 ℃棕榈油为煎炸油，模拟薯条在180 ℃下高温煎炸32 h，对3种油品在煎炸过程中的酸值、过氧化值、p-茴香胺值、脂肪酸组成、极性组分含量、生育酚含量等理化指标进行了检测，并对18 ℃棕榈油中的风险因子，如PAH4、苯并（a）芘、3-氯丙醇酯（3-MCPDE）、反式脂肪酸含量进行了分析。结果表明：3种油品的酸值、过氧化值在煎炸过程中变化不明显，而p-茴香胺值、脂肪酸组成、极性组分含量在煎炸过程中变化比较明显；3种油品的生育酚氧化速度总体偏差不大；分提18 ℃棕榈油、二次精炼18 ℃棕榈油中的苯并（a）芘、反式脂肪酸含量均随煎炸时间延长呈缓慢升高的趋势；二次精炼18 ℃棕榈油的3-MCPDE在未煎炸时远高于分提18 ℃棕榈油的，3-MCPDE在煎炸初期降解剧烈，最终达到平衡；分提18 ℃棕榈油与二次精炼18 ℃棕榈油在煎炸稳定性方面没有明显区别，二次精炼不仅损失了部分有益的微量营养成分（如生育酚），还伴生出新的风险因子，如增加了3-MCPDE、反式脂肪酸。综上，酸值、过氧化值不能作为评价煎炸稳定性的敏感指标，而p-茴香胺值、脂肪酸组成、极性组分含量可作为敏感指标联合应用于评价煎炸油煎炸稳定性，另外，应倡导适度加工，以降低精炼过程营养成分的损失，同时避免风险因子的生成。 In order to provide a reference for the development of the formulation of a medium-packed special blend oil soybean oil and palm oil for frying and the selection of physicochemical indexes related to the stability of frying, soybean oil, fractionated 18 ℃ palm oil (primary refining) and secondary refined 18 ℃ palm oil from the same batch were used as frying oils to simulate the frying conditions of French fries at a high temperature of 180 ℃ for 32 h, and the physicochemical indexes of the three oils during frying such as acid value, peroxide value, p-anisidine value, fatty acid composition, polar fraction content and tocopherol content were investigated. In addition, risk factors such as PAH4, benzo(a)pyrene, 3-chloropropanol ester (3-MCPDE) and trans fatty acids in the 18 ℃ palm oil were also analyzed. The results showed that the acid value and peroxide value of the three oils did not change significantly during frying, while p-anisidine value, fatty acid composition and polar fraction content changed significantly, and the oxidation rate of tocopherols did not deviate significantly overall. The benzo(a)pyrene and trans fatty acids contents in the fractionated 18 ℃ palm oil and the secondary refined 18 ℃ palm oil showed a slow increase trend. The 3-MCPDE content of the secondary refined 18 ℃ palm oil was much higher than that of the fractionated 18 ℃ palm oil at the time of unfrying, and the 3-MCPDE degraded dramatically at the beginning of frying and eventually reached equilibrium. There was no significant difference in frying stability between fractionated 18 ℃ palm oil and secondary refined 18 ℃ palm oil, and secondary refining not only could lose some beneficial micronutrients (e.g. tocopherols), but also could generate new risk factors, such as an increase in 3-MCPDE and trans fatty acids. In conclusion, the acid value and peroxide value can not be used as sensitive indicators for frying stability of frying oils, while p-anisidine value, fatty acid composition and polar fraction content can be used as sensitive indicators for frying stability of frying oils. In addition, moderate processing should be advocated to reduce the loss of nutrients during refining and to avoid the generation of risk factors.

Dongrong WU, Shuxuan LI, Binbin WANG et al.

In response to the complex geographical environment and great difficulty in risk control of high consequence areas(HCAs) of mountainous pipelines, accurate identification of the HCA type and grade, if achievable, could effectively improve the operation safety of pipelines. However, the existing identification standards have certain limitations when applied to the mountainous oil and gas pipelines.Therefore, it was necessary that Myanmar-China Oil and Gas Pipeline(China section) was employed for the case study. According to the Oil and Gas Pipeline Integrity Management Specification(GB 32167—2015), the HCAs of oil and gas pipelines were identified and analyzed to identify the HCA types and the characteristics of identification items to be concerned. The analysis and classification were made for the environmental characteristics in mountainous areas, so as to find out the influence of the mountainous environment on oil and gas pipeline leakage. Additionally, the limitations of the current HCA identification standards for mountainous oil and gas pipelines were outlined here.The study results have certain reference significance for the identification and management of HCAs of mountainous pipelines, as well as the potential standard revisions.

Qun LEI, Dingwei WENG, Baoshan GUAN et al.

The shale oil and gas exploitation in China is technically benchmarked with the United States in terms of development philosophy, reservoir stimulation treatment, fracturing parameters, fracturing equipment and materials, oil/gas production technology, and data/achievements sharing. It is recognized that the shale oil and gas exploitation in China is weak in seven aspects: understanding of flow regimes, producing of oil/gas reserves, monitoring of complex fractures, repeated stimulation technology, oil/gas production technology, casing deformation prevention technology, and wellbore maintenance technology. Combined with the geological and engineering factors of shale oil and gas in China, the development suggestions of four projects are proposed from the macro- and micro-perspective, namely, basic innovation project, exploitation technology project, oil/gas production stabilization project, and supporting efficiency-improvement project, so as to promote the rapid, efficient, stable, green and extensive development of shale oil and gas industry chain and innovation chain and ultimately achieve the goal of “oil volume stabilizing and gas volume increasing”.

Anupong Sukee, Tanakon Nunta, Nawamin Fongkham et al.

Brine fluids have recently been of high interest to enhanced oil recovery. Mechanisms for such improvement were widely proposed, including wettability alteration and reduction in the oil-brine interfacial tension (IFT), although their synergistic contributions were vaguely clarified. Crude oil displacement by spontaneous imbibition was conducted in the current research with focus on the effects of brine valency and concentration. Monovalent (NaCl) and divalent (CaCl2) brines at elevated concentrations were examined. Imbibition results showed that NaCl brine at suitable concentration (100 mM) displaced greater oil than too-low or too-high concentrations, and these monovalent brines displaced more effective than those of divalent CaCl2 due to an oil-wetting as a result of divalent ion bridging phenomenon. This echoes crucial influences of both brine valency and concentration. The findings revealed that in a given imbibition system a required IFT is a wettability-dependent, water-wet system needs high IFT to enhance a driving capillarity while oil-wet system prefers lower IFT to weaken a resisting capillary force. Brine formula directly attributed to wettability and IFT, NaCl brines secure water-wetting with high IFT while CaCl2 brines reduced IFT more effectively with an assured oil-wetting. Low-salinity enhanced oil recovery mechanism was thus found to be contributed from capillary effect, which was an interplay between the interfacial tension and wettability. Paring these two parameters by formulating imbibing brine to anticipate high oil recovery is crucial and of challenge.

Xianzhao WANG, Changfeng XU, Kang JI et al.

Purification technology is required to separate the liquid impurities of natural gas during its transportation. However, the filtration performance of coalescing filter element used for natural gas purification at present needs to be improved. Therefore, the new filtering materials were developed by a nanofiber composite method. Besides, the permeability and gas-liquid filtration performance of the 4 types of composite filtering materials were tested with the experimental devices under the pressures from 0.1 MPa to 0.5 MPa. The results show that the Darcy coefficient of the composite filtering materials decreases with the increasing of the surface density of nanofiber, and more significant decrease is observed after the substrate with high permeability is composited with the nanofiber. Meanwhile, the increasing of operating pressure can lead to the compression of filtering material structure, which further results in the change of the mutual relationship between the Darcy coefficient and non-Darcy coefficient. Moreover, the filtration efficiency of filtering materials is improved after compositing with nanofiber, but the pressure drop also increases. Under the condition of same surface density of nanofiber, the pressure drop in oleophobic filtering material is more significant than the oleophilic filtering material. Hence, too high surface density will result in excessive pressure drop, further causing the reduction of the comprehensive performance of filtering materials. Generally, the research results could provide reference for the selection of filtering materials for natural gas purification.

Xie Wenxian, Su Qingxin, Guo Liqian et al.

In view of the lack of optimization analysis on the friction pair of oil well pump under simulated working conditions, the wear state of liner jacket-plunger friction pair was mainly studied under simulated working conditions, and a liner jacket-plunger model was built, an orthogonal test was designed to study the influence of different factors on the wear state of the friction pair under different fit clearances, and determined the optimal factor combination of wears. The analysis results show that the friction stress and wear volume of friction pair increase obviously with the increase of fit clearance; after the fit clearance decreases, the overall wear volume decreases by 10.05% and the wear state is improved to some extent; when the unilateral clearance is 0.05 mm, the wear volume of coating layer on the liner jacket within 60 s is 0.184 13～0.376 83 mm³; when the liquid pressure is 10 MPa, the hardness of coating layer is 1 150 MPa, the rod stroke is 300 mm, and the friction coefficient of liquid lubrication is 0.11, the wear reduction and resistance effect of the friction pair is the best. The conclusions will provide technical guidance for the rational selection of oil-well pump.

Fang Chen, Aihua Zhang, Heiko Balzter et al.

Segmentation of marine oil spills in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images is a challenging task because of the complexity and irregularities in SAR images. In this work, we aim to develop an effective segmentation method which addresses marine oil spill identification in SAR images by investigating the distribution representation of SAR images. To seek effective oil spill segmentation, we revisit the SAR imaging mechanism in order to attain the probability distribution representation of oil spill SAR images, in which the characteristics of SAR images are properly modelled. We then exploit the distribution representation to formulate the segmentation energy functional, by which oil spill characteristics are incorporated to guide oil spill segmentation. Moreover, the oil spill segmentation model contains the oil spill contour regularisation term and the updated level set regularisation term which enhance the representational power of the segmentation energy functional. Benefiting from the synchronisation of SAR image representation and oil spill segmentation, our proposed method establishes an effective oil spill segmentation framework. Experimental evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed segmentation framework for different types of marine oil spill SAR image segmentation.

Aritra Bhowmick, Mahuya Datta

Contact structures, as well as their holomorphic and quaternionic counterparts are the primary examples of strongly bracket generating (or fat) distributions. In this article we associate a numerical invariant to corank $2$ fat distribution on manifolds, referred to as \emph{degree} of the distribution. The real distribution underlying a holomorphic contact structure is of degree $2$. Using Gromov's sheaf theoretic and analytic techniques of $h$-principle, we prove the existence of horizontal immersions of an arbitrary manifold into degree $2$ fat distributions and the quaternionic contact structures. We also study immersions of a contact manifold inducing the given contact structure.

Sedigheh S. Poul, Kevin J. Parker

Elastography provides significant information on staging of fibrosis in patients with liver disease and may be of some value in assessing steatosis. However, there remain questions as to the role of steatosis and fibrosis as cofactors influencing the viscoelastic measurements of the liver tissues, particularly shear wave speed (SWS) and shear wave attenuation (SWA). In this study, by employing the theory of composite elastic media as well as two independent experimental measurements on fat-in-gelatin phantoms and also finite element simulations, it is consistently shown that fat and fibrosis jointly influence the SWS and SWA measurements. At a constant level of fat, fibrosis stages can influence the SWA by factors of 2-4. Moreover, the rate of increase in SWA with increasing fat is strongly influenced by the stages of fibrosis; softer background cases (low fibrosis stages) have higher rate of SWA increase with fat than those with stiffer moduli (higher fibrosis stages). Meanwhile, SWS results are influenced by the presence of fat, however the degree of variability is more subtle. The results indicate the importance of jointly considering fat and fibrosis as contributors to SWS and SWA measurements in complex liver tissues and in the design and interpretation of clinical trials.

Zoe O'Brien-Moran, Chris V. Bowen, James A. Rioux et al.

Tracking the migration of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) labeled immune cells in vivo is valuable for understanding the immunogenic response to cancer and therapies. Quantitative cell tracking using compressed sensing TurboSPI-based R2* mapping is a promising development to improve accuracy in longitudinal studies on immune recruitment. The phase-encoded TurboSPI sequence provides high fidelity relaxation data in the form of signal time-courses with high temporal resolution. However, early in vivo applications of this method revealed that simple mono-exponential R2* fitting performs poorly due to the contaminant fat signal in voxels surrounding regions of interest, such as flank tumors and lymph nodes adjacent to adipose tissue. This is especially problematic if there is poor infiltration to the tumor such that immune cells remain near the periphery. The presence of an off-resonance fat isochromat results in modulations in the signal time-course can be erroneously fit as R2* signal decay, thereby overestimating the density of SPIO labeled cells. Simply excluding any voxel with fat-typical modulations results in underestimates in voxels that have mixed content. We propose using a more comprehensive dual-decay (R2f* and R2w*) Dixon-based signal model that accounts for the potential presence of fat in a voxel to better estimate SPIO induced de-phasing. In silico single voxel simulations illustrate how the proposed signal model provides stable R2w* estimates that are invariant to fat content. The proposed dual-decay model outperforms previous methods when applied to in vitro samples of SPIO labeled cells and oil prepared with oil content >15%. Preliminary in vivo results show that, compared to previous methods, the dual-decay Dixon model improves the balance of R2* specificity versus sensitivity, which in turn will result in more reliable analysis in future cell tracking studies.

Zhuo Jigao, Sun Zhongming, Yan Xiaoming

The oil and gas well data collection system has been widely used in the shale gas well testing. In the process of operation and management of data collection equipments, the sorting and recording of field data, reporting of field real-time and staged production reports all required to be operated by professional technicians. This work took a lot of time and was error-prone. Automatic report management was a technology combining the actual production of shale gas with the data collection system. Relay on Python, the computer programming language, we could obtain the field data and records, and on this base, compiled and sent reports. This technology can greatly improve the accuracy and efficiency of data recording, and reduce the labor intensity of technicians.

Wenjie Xu, Pengcheng Bian, Hongze Gang et al.

Bio-based surfactants have attracted increasing attention due to their renewable resources and excellent surface properties. In this study, a novel bio-based sulfonic zwitterionic surfactant (BSZS) derived from transgenic soybean oil was prepared using a simple reaction route with two steps of the amidation and quaterisation. The bio-based sulfonic zwitterionic surfactant showed a critical micelle concentration (CMC) as low as 33.34 mg/L with a surface tension of 28.50 mN/m. In addition, it also showed good performance in foamability, emulsibility, and wettability. The excellent performances indicated the great potential applications of the bio-based sulfonic surfactant from vegetable oils in both daily life and industrial fields.<br />Bio-based surfactants have attracted increasing attention due to their renewable resources and excellent surface properties. In this study a novel biobased sulfonic zwitterionic surfactant (BSZS) derived from genetically modified(GM) soybean oil was prepared using a simple reaction route with two steps of the amidation and quaterisation. The BSZS showed a critical micelle concentration (CMC) as low as 33.3 mg/L with a surface tension of 28.5 mN/m. In addition, it also showed good performance in foamability, emulsibility and wettability. The excellent performances indicated great potential applications of the bio-based sulfonic surfactant from vegetable oil in both daily life and industrial fields.

Huang Feng, Hao Nan, Ru Dajun et al.

Turbine-powered pulse generators have problems such as insufficient erosion resistance and severe generator RPM overload during drilling ultra-large boreholes exceeding &oslash;444.5 mm. In order to improve the erosion resistance and stability of the tool and prolong the tool’s service life, the following measures are taken:①design optimization of the turbine and guide vane structure; ②design optimization of the mechanical structure and material of the pulse generator. The results of indoor tests and field tests show that, the ratio of turbine RPM and displacement under the same displacement decreases from 84~87 before optimization to 62~64 after optimization. The optimal range of turbine RPM is 3 500~5 000 r/min. When the displacement is 70 L/s, the turbine RPM before optimization is 6 070 r/min, which is beyond the adaptable RPM of the power supply circuit board. The optimized turbine RPM is about 4 500 r/min, which is within the optimal speed range. The improved cross-sectional area of the flow path is 1.62 times larger than that of the previous flow path, leading to a 38% reduced over-current velocity. The optimized turbine-powered pulse generator operates normally under large displacement. The actual turbine RPM is in line with the laboratory prediction data, providing a stable guarantee for the service life.

Chunyan Sun, Mingyi Hu, Zhonggui Hu et al.

Abstract The Lower Triassic Jialingjiang Formation is an important oil and gas exploration target in the Sichuan Basin. The lithofacies mainly consists of clastic rocks, carbonates, and evaporates, which represents a transition from continental to marine depositional environment. The Jialingjiang Formation of the Sichuan Basin is a typical epeiric carbonate platforms. The study area contains four types of facies, including mixed tidal flat facies, open platform facies, restricted platform facies, and evaporitic platform facies. Based on the analysis of cores and logging data, two types of type II sequence boundaries were identified, which are, respectively, local exposure unconformity boundary and lithology and lithofacies transformation boundary. The Jialingjiang Formation is divided into three third-order sequences and six system tracts. Thus, we establish a connected multi-well sequence stratigraphic framework based on typical single-well sequence stratigraphic division. The sedimentary evolution of the Jialingjiang Formation was divided into three major sedimentary periods and six stages, with rising and falling of the sea level, mixed tidal flat, open platform, and restricted platform prograded first, and then restricted platform and evaporitic platform retrograded. It also shows that the open platform shoal and restricted platform tidal flat have oolitic limestone and algal dolomite with good-quality physical properties and are the favorable reservoir facies belt for hydrocarbon exploration and development.