Hasil untuk "Newspapers"

Robert F. Engle, Stefano Giglio, Bryan T. Kelly et al.

We propose and implement a procedure to dynamically hedge climate change risk. We extract innovations from climate news series that we construct through textual analysis of newspapers. We then use a mimicking portfolio approach to build climate change hedge portfolios. We discipline the exercise by using third-party ESG scores of firms to model their climate risk exposures. We show that this approach yields parsimonious and industry-balanced portfolios that perform well in hedging innovations in climate news both in sample and out of sample. We discuss multiple directions for future research on financial approaches to managing climate risk.

Paul DiMaggio, Manish Nag, D. Blei

Christine Legner, Torsten Eymann, T. Hess et al.

D. Biber, Susan Conrad

This book describes the most important kinds of texts in English and introduces the methodological techniques used to analyse them. Three analytical approaches are introduced and compared, describing a wide range of texts from the perspectives of register, genre and style. The primary focus of the book is on the analysis of registers. Part 1 introduces an analytical framework for studying registers, genre conventions, and styles. Part 2 provides detailed descriptions of particular text varieties in English, including spoken interpersonal varieties (conversation, university office hours, service encounters), written varieties (newspapers, academic prose, fiction), and emerging electronic varieties (e-mail, internet forums, text messages). Finally, Part 3 introduces advanced analytical approaches using corpora, and discusses theoretical concerns, such as the place of register studies in linguistics, and practical applications of register analysis. Each chapter ends with three types of activities: reflection and review activities, analysis activities, and larger project ideas.

M. Wakefield, B. Loken, R. Hornik

Mass media campaigns are widely used to expose high proportions of large populations to messages through routine uses of existing media, such as television, radio, and newspapers. Exposure to such messages is, therefore, generally passive. Such campaigns are frequently competing with factors, such as pervasive product marketing, powerful social norms, and behaviours driven by addiction or habit. In this Review we discuss the outcomes of mass media campaigns in the context of various health-risk behaviours (eg, use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs, heart disease risk factors, sex-related behaviours, road safety, cancer screening and prevention, child survival, and organ or blood donation). We conclude that mass media campaigns can produce positive changes or prevent negative changes in health-related behaviours across large populations. We assess what contributes to these outcomes, such as concurrent availability of required services and products, availability of community-based programmes, and policies that support behaviour change. Finally, we propose areas for improvement, such as investment in longer better-funded campaigns to achieve adequate population exposure to media messages.

David L. Altheide

Mijana Č. Kuburić Macura

This paper analyzes the frequency and competition between social feminine and (generic) social masculine nouns in a sample of daily newspapers in the Republic of Srpska, focusing on fluctuations in their usage. The study also examines the recorded forms from a neological perspective by checking their presence in Serbian dictionaries. The findings provide a snapshot of the current linguistic situation, showing that social feminine nouns are widely used in print media and can be regarded as the dominant lexical choice for denoting women’s professions and social roles. The most frequent and stable forms appear in the sports lexicon, but numerous examples are also found in references to occupations, functions, and roles in other areas of social life. While most of these feminine forms belong to standardized lexis, the use of unregistered forms is not uncommon, indicating a dynamic process in which social changes are closely mirrored in language. These results highlight the importance of continued, longitudinal research on the spread and acceptance of social feminine nouns, as well as the active role of language-planning institutions in evaluating individual solutions.

Simon Nankap KUMS, Cornelius Ishaya KWEDE

The menace of banditry over the years had had a devastating effects on both developed and developing countries of the world alike. This emerging security challenge has threatened the very fabric of the fragile peace the Nigerian State was enjoying; especially, in the Northwest states of Zamfara, Kaduna, Katsina, etc. However, the paper examines the impact of banditry activities on women and children who are mostly victims. This study uses a qualitative methodology that relies on secondary data sources. Books, periodicals, newspapers, online information, and reports were frequently used. The paper posits that the presence of high level of unemployment with the attendant poverty, weak security system, grossly ungoverned spaces, porosity of Nigeria’s borders, and arms proliferations, among many, are the driving factors quickening banditry in the Northwest region of Nigeria. It further contends that the banditry activities pervading the Northwest Nigeria has undermined human security; peace and development of the region and that the efforts made by stakeholders to combat the scourge have not yielded the desired result. The paper hence recommends, among others, that  the Nigerian government should come up with working poverty alleviation programme(s) and should be directed towards addressing the high incidence of poverty among women and children who are a vulnerable segment of the population mostly attacked and trapped by banditry activities vis-à-vis empowerment programmes or employment opportunities, targeting youths who are primarily involved in abductions and kidnappings out of economic frustration, such as unemployment; and also establish a special force and intelligence unit that will be trained and equipped to fight against human trafficking, banditry, kidnapping and terrorism, as this will help in curtailing if not eliminating criminal activities in our society.

Eric Chinenye Aneke

Nigeria is socio-culturally multi-ethnic and religiously pluralistic. Religion has been a very singular but very strong factor that is affecting negatively the electoral system in Nigeria. The following key terms were used in this study: religion, election, politics, political party, electoral system, and franchise/suffrage. Political aspirants would always make use of their religious affiliations to achieve cheap political popularity. The electorates tend to vote for a given political aspirants based on religious sentiments and not on verifiable objective good human attributes. The aim of this paper among others is to attempt to find out whether religious affiliations of the political spirants enhance or hinder their successes during general election in Nigeria. The study is qualitative in character. It interviewed a cross-section of Nigerians and also made use of secondary sources of information such as library books, journal articles, newspapers, magazines, etc.  The study is very significant in a good number of ways including that it makes the electorates to cast their votes based on good quality political aspirants rather than on sentiments. The findings of the paper, among others, include the fact that the electorates in Nigeria generally cast their votes in line with their religious affiliations. It is recommended, among others, that the electorates should not cast their votes during general election on the basis of religious affiliations but rather on verifiable and objective good quality human behaviour.

Aleksandra Krzyżaniak

References to fear are often associated with narratives created by right-wing parties and media, especially while talking about issues such as gender, LGBTQIA+ or abortion. However, similar practices can be found in centre-liberal discourse, proving that the creation and reproduction of the dialectic of fear can apply to all agents, no matter their political affiliation. The article aims to challenge popular academic perceptions of the sources of fear by proposing a counterperspective that means to shift perception on agents of polarisation. Used examples focus on contemporary Polish mainstream centre-liberal newspapers which reproduce fear in their narrative, adding to both local and worldwide phenomena of political polarisation and radicalisation.

Rudolf Brázdil, Kateřina Chromá, Pavel Zahradníček et al.

Fatalities associated with severe weather, collected from newspapers and other documentary sources, were used to create a corresponding database for the 1961–2020 period for the Czech Republic. Fatalities attributed to floods, windstorms, convective storms, snow and glaze ice, frost, fog, and other severe weather, on the one hand, and vehicle accident fatalities connected with rain, snow, glaze ice, fog, and inclement weather, on the other, were analysed separately for two standard periods, 1961–1990 and 1991–2020. The number of weather-related fatalities between these two periods increased in the flood, windstorm, and especially frost categories, and decreased for the convective storm and fog categories. For snow and glaze ice they were the same. Despite significant differences in both 30-year periods, the highest proportions of fatalities corresponded to the winter months, and in individual fatality characteristics to males, adults, direct deaths, deaths by freezing or hypothermia, and to hazardous behaviour. A statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) Spearman rank correlation between fatalities and climate variables was only found in the 1991–2020 period for snow/glaze ice-related fatalities, with the number of days with snow cover depth and frost-related fatalities having days with daily minimum temperatures below −5 °C or −10 °C. Despite the highest proportions of the rain and wet road categories being in the number of vehicle accident fatalities, a statistically significant correlation was only found for the category of snow-related fatalities in the number of days with snowfall. The results and conclusions of this study have to be evaluated in the broader context of climatological, political, economic, and societal changes within the country, and have the potential to be used in risk management.

Galina S. Mel’nik, Boris Ya. Misonzhnikov

The article reveals the specifics of constructing the image of Russia in the German mass media. Based on the study of media discourse, the positions of Russia in the context of the global information and psychological confrontation are determined. We identify markers that determine the information policy of Germany in relation to Russia, as well as linguistic means of forming the image of the country and methods of information aggression against Russian society. On the basis of headline complexes and article leads, priority topics (buzz-topics) in the media, informational reasons for referring to them, sentiment (expressive-evaluative vocabulary), directional vector were determined. The research object are German media, such as Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (FAZ), Die Welt, Bild, Der Spiegel. The lexemes ″Russia″, ″Moscow″, ″Putin″, ″Kremlin″ (and synonyms) were used as the units of analysis. Relations with Syria, the United States and NATO, Ukraine, Belarus and Turkey were popular topics in the German media during the study period (2020). The analysis of the texts showed that the mostly negative media image of Russia is represented. In foreign policy, the country is presented as an invader, a military aggressor, a murderer, an enemy, and its leader, in the interpretation of the media, is an insidious, cunning schemer, a dishonest player on the geopolitical chessboard. The portrayal of leading German newspapers portrays Russia as a peripheral state, a third world country that claims to be a world power (with nuclear weapons) and a semi-dictatorial regime. In the course of the study, we used general scientific methods of cognitive and interpretive linguistic discourse analysis. In publications, even high-quality ones, metonymy, metaphors, comparisons, epithets, hyperboles are used as components of anti-Russian rhetoric. Conclusion: there is practically no positive news about Russia, the country itself is seen as the main threat to the security of the world. This requires an adequate response, a new information policy and a correction of the country’s reputation.

The stories and identities of people who use social work services are often obscured by mass media stereotypes and labels – ‘failed asylum seekers’, ‘scroungers’, ‘troubled families’. The influence of managerialism compounds this problem, with space for thinking and feeling continually under pressure. This practice paper draws on ideas from social pedagogy to reflect on the benefits of a creative attempt to connect heads and hearts in the academy. Informed by an approach used with nursing students in Australia, social work undergraduates in London (England) were encouraged to engage with a range of creative media (newspapers, films, television, plays, social media) and journal about what they noticed. Drawing on narrative ideas, students reflected on portrayals of people that were ‘thin’ – labelling and oppressive – and ‘thick’ – revealing a richer picture of people’s lives, needs and capabilities. After putting together short stories or accounts of their own, based on their journaling, students were invited to share these in a type of ‘reflecting team’ with peers. This process invited students to develop critical and ethical perspectives through thinking about what had struck them, what they had understood differently about the service user groups, what resonated with them personally, and how this might affect their practice. This small example of creative practice is considered as part of a wider reflection on the value of a rich curriculum for social work education, holding out hope for humane practice in challenging times.

Vladimir I. Ozyumenko

Modern media have become an important ideological tool in conveying and forming a certain view of the world and attitude towards it. While complying with the interests of the power structures, they shape public opinion by means of increasingly sophisticated media technologies and techniques. The article introduces multilevel means of creating ambiguity of a media text: verbs with the semantic component ‘without proof’, lexical units with semantics of uncertainty, means of expressing epistemic modality, interrogative headings, etc. The regular use of these means observed in the media enables the author to consider ambiguity as one efficient strategy of public opinion manipulation. The data for the study were obtained from quality British and American newspapers and news websites that cover events related to Russia. By using the methods of linguistic pragmatics and sociolinguistics as well as critical discourse analysis, it was proved that the ambiguity is a widely spread method in modern media, it enables journalists to write about unconfirmed facts and introduce a certain attitude towards them into the minds of the audience without bearing any responsibility for unsubstantiated information.

M. A. Mamontova

Тhe article presents changes in the management system of science and education, specifics of the development of some academic institutions at Russian and regional levels, institutional dynamics of historical science in the Omsk region on the backdrop of the characteristics of the social transformations of the 1990s – the mid-2010s. It is concluded that the formation of the academic platform and the expansion of the educational space in the region is based on a pronounced humanitarian perspective, in which historical knowledge is much inferior to the socio-economic areas of research

Najdat Shukur Mahmood

Background: Iraq is one of the countries which applicated routine vaccination schedule many years ago, however, still many infectious diseases attack children , e.g. whooping cough & tuberculosis, which was supposed to be absent or decreased dramatically by such vaccination program like what was happened  at many  developed countries since decades. Many causes had been implicated; one of these reasons may be the response of the population to that program. In Iraq, all the vaccines were given freely & the visits are voluntary, furthermore, many T.V. & Radio programs & newspapers urge the people towards vaccination, nevertheless, many children had not been vaccinated as we see in our clinical practice, but we don’t know to which degree this problem is present. So this study was came as a trial to expose some of secrets of this problem by finding the rate of vaccination, although it was a hospital based data, but it may give an idea about the vaccination status in the province, in addition, the effect of parental education on population compliance to the schedule will be searched. Patient & method: The study was done at Al- Batool teaching hospital for maternity & children at Baquba city from 1st of September 2011 – 1st of September 2012, random sample was collected from both in- & out-patients, it involved children of one year old or below, history of immunization of those children according to the Iraqi schedule of vaccination was taken from parents, supported by vaccination card if it was available, in addition to the academic achievement of parents, then calculation & statistical analysis. Results: The immunization status of 259 child had been reviewed with the parents. Those were fully vaccinated children (in 180 child (70%)), partially vaccinated children (in 63 child (24%)) , & non- vaccinated children (in 16 (6 %)). Both mother’s & father’s education had positive significant effect on the compliance of the parents to vaccinate their children (p value was 0.000 & 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Rate of vaccination at this study was higher than that found in Iraq at 2010, but not reached to the level of well economic countries. We are need to encourage vaccination, at the same time explaining their side effects & ways of management in front of vaccinations benefits to break up any refusal idea.

M. K. Churkin

The article is devoted to the problem of presenting liberal projects, moods, ideas in the anniversary discourse, in speeches, appeals, letters, telegrams about the fiftieth anniversary of the newspaper «Russkie Vedomosti». The purpose of the work is to reconstruct the communication channels of the publication and the audience. The study found that jubilee celebrations contributed to the intensification of interaction between the addressee and recipients, identifying a circle of active supporters of moderate liberalism and increasing the influence of liberal ideas on Russian society

Asbjørn Kolberg

Abstract In this article, I show how South Saami people and Saami matters are represented in Mid-Norwegian regional newspapers from the 1880s to 1990. My focus is on the South Saami as most previous research on media representation has had a North Saami focus. The questions asked are: To what extent and how are Saami matters represented in the newspapers? How do the papers represent South Saami identity, and to what extent and how are South Saami voices represented? The texts fall into four main categories: reindeer herding; Saami politics; school and language; history and culture. Social Darwinist or racial biological views are virtually non-existent in my material, although quite common in late 19th and early 20th century topographical literature about the Saami. There are examples of stereotyping and othering, mostly before the 1960s, but in general, the regional newspapers of my study take a respectful interest in Saami matters, although Saami matters do not make up a substantial part of the newspaper content until the 1970s.

Hans W. Giessen

European or national, informing or commenting? The commentary genre at the 2014 European elections – an analysis of different newspaper categories from Germany and Luxembourg The European elections held on 25 May, 2014 were the first general elections to the European Parliament after the Treaty of Lisbon, which stipulated in particular that the European Parliament should be given new powers in the election of the President of the European Commission; thus the European Parliament was gaining new power. For the first time, various parties represented in the European Parliament have seized the opportunity and named common European candidates. This new importance made the newspapers to comment on the elections. Publications from Luxembourg and Germany were of particular interest, as the common candidates came from these countries. The corpus derives from the day after the elections (Monday 26 May 2014). The result: At the level of content, the conservative newspapers have been commenting on the European elections almost exclusively from the national perspective and with regard to the national power policy. On the other hand, we find another correlation with respect to the persuasion styles. Quality magazines tend to comment in an informative style; in the case of yellow press papers, the comments more judging.

J. Richardson