There are different goals for literature research, from understanding an unfamiliar topic to generate hypothesis for the next research project. The nature of literature research also varies according to user's familiarity level of the topic. For inexperienced researchers, identifying gaps in the existing literature and generating feasible hypothesis are crucial but challenging. While general ``deep research'' tools can be used, they are not designed for such use case, thus often not effective. In addition, the ``black box" nature and hallucination of Large Language Models (LLMs) often lead to distrust. In this paper, we introduce a human-agent collaborative visualization system AwesomeLit to address this need. It has several novel features: a transparent user-steerable agentic workflow; a dynamically generated query exploring tree, visualizing the exploration path and provenance; and a semantic similarity view, depicting the relationships between papers. It enables users to transition from general intentions to detailed research topics. Finally, a qualitative study involving several early researchers showed that AwesomeLit is effective in helping users explore unfamiliar topics, identify promising research directions, and improve confidence in research results.
This paper examines the impact of import competition on skill premium and the moderating effect of labor market flexibility on it, using panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2010 to 2019. A dynamic panel threshold model with instrumental variables is employed to address the endogeneity problem and to identify the nonlinear moderating effect of labor market flexibility. The results show the following: (1) Import competition has a promoting effect on skill premium, and this effect declines from eastern to western regions in China. (2) The import competition increases the skill premium through the channels of enhancing regional innovation capacity and promoting industrial upgrading and rationalization. (3) There exists a significant threshold effect in the moderating effect of labor market flexibility. When labor market flexibility surpasses the threshold value of 1.330, the enhancing effect of import competition on the skill premium is alleviated, facilitating labor reallocation and wage adjustment. The integration of labor market flexibility into the globalization–inequality debate extends the existing literature for providing a new understanding of the mechanisms behind the skill premium. The policy implications are that targeted labor market reforms are essential for mitigating wage differentials between skilled and unskilled workers arising from intensified import competition.
Political institutions and public administration (General)
Home healthcare has become more and more central in the last decades, due to the advantages it can bring to both healthcare institutions and patients. Planning activities in this context, however, presents significant challenges related to route planning and mutual synchronization of caregivers.In this paper we propose a new compact model for the combined optimization of scheduling (of the activities) and routing (of the caregivers) characterized by fewer variables and constraints when compared with the models previously available in the literature. The new model is solved by a constraint programming solver and compared experimentally with the exact and metaheuristic approaches available in the literature on the common datasets adopted by the community. The results show that the new model provides improved lower bounds for the vast majority of the instances, while producing at the same time high quality heuristic solutions, comparable to those of tailored metaheuristics, for small/medium size instances.
Журналистикада трансмедиа деп аталатын ұғым бар. Жалпы трансмедиа әр түрлі бұқаралық ақпарат құралдарындағы ақпаратты баяндауға қатысады. Мультимедиадан айырмашылығы – барлық бұқаралық ақпарат құралдары өзара байланыста болады. Мәселен, роман сюжетінің шағын өзгерістерімен фильмге бейімдеу немесе повестің бірінші бөлігін телевизиялық шоу, екінші бөлігін фильм, үшінші бөлігін бейне ойын арқылы баяндау мүмікіндігін тек трансмедиа технологиясы жасай алады. Жалпы әлемде көркем әдебиеттің ажырамас элементтерін таратудың әртүрлі тұстары қалыптасқан. Трансмедиалық ақпарат дегеніміз әлемге ел туралы құнды мәліметтер беретін тұжырым жүйесі. Ондағы ақпарат негізі тарихпен және көптеген мәтіндермен байланысты. Баяндау құрылымы тарихи деректерге толы болады және мәтіндер мен аудио, бейне, қаріптер, сурет, инфографика және т.б. маңызды компонент болып табылады. Әр мәтін өз бетінше әңгіме жасай алады, әлемнің тарихын толығырақ баяндайды. Бір-бірінен тәуелсіз барлық элементтерді біріктіргенде, әрбір элемент негізгі тарихқа өз үлесін қосады. Сол үшін де трансмедианың тиімділігі сторителлинг әдісімен тікелей байланысты. Ғылыми мақаланың мақсаты мен негізгі бағыты онлайн-медиадағы жаңа мультимедиалық жанрлардың қалыптасу процесінің ерекшеліктерін зерттей отырып, қазіргі таңдағы жанрлардың түрленіп, басқа формаларда берілу тәсілдерінің ерекшеліктеріне тоқталу болды. Мақаланың ғылыми және практикалық маңызы қазақ журналистикасында орын алып келе жатқан жаңа тенденцияларды сөз ете отырып, лонгрид, строителлинг, қысқа бейнежазба секілді жаңадан енген терминдік жанрлардың қазақтілді БАҚ мониторингін жасауға әрекеттену.
Ғылыми-зерттеу барысында салыстырмалы талдау әдісін пайдалана отырып, негізгі нәтиже мен талдау олардың ерекше сипаттамалары мен даму динамикасының тенденцияларын қарастыру болып табылды
Malim.kz, Массагет.kz, Balbal.kz секілді сайттарда жарияланған материалдарға талдау жасай отырып, қазіргі таңдағы сұранысты өтеп отырған сторителлинг, лонгрид секілді жанрлардың жаңа үрдісінің табиғатын ашуға тырыстық. Жоғарыда аталған жанрлардағы материалдарға мазмұндық талдау жасай отырып, біз олардың өзіндік ерекшеліктерін бөліп көрсете алдық. Ғылыми зерттеудің бүгінгі таңдағы маңыздылығы жалпы мультимедиалық журналистика материалдарын ұсынудың жаңа форматтарының бәсекеге қабілеттілік критерийлері мен үрдістерін негіз етіп қарастыруында болды.
ABSTRACT Background Guidance and principles for involving the public in research or service planning exist but are not specific to the needs of parents of children with life‐limiting conditions or bereaved parents. Aim Review the evidence on involving parents of children with life‐limiting conditions and bereaved parents in research, service planning and advocacy, and use this to develop best practice guidance. Methods Rapid review following the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group Guidance. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for primary studies of any design and literature/systematic reviews, and grey literature searching was conducted. Sources reporting on involving parents of children with life‐limiting conditions or bereaved parents in healthcare, research, or charity work in any setting, were included. Data were charted using the UK standards for public involvement in research (PPI). Two PPI consultation workshops were conducted with parents (n = 13) and healthcare professionals/charity representatives (n = 7). Results Six sources were included. Four reported benefits of parental involvement and two reported burdens. In relation to best practice, two reported on the importance of inclusive opportunities, three on working together, four on support and learning, three on communications, one on impact, and one on governance. PPI consultation workshops highlighted new factors which were not present in the literature around communication and understanding the impact of involvement. Conclusion Organisations working with this group should consider offering inclusive approaches to improve diversity, levelling power imbalances, ensuring flexibility of approach, and appropriate communication and impact. Patient or Public Contribution The study was conducted in collaboration with 13 parents of children with life‐limiting conditions and bereaved parents, and seven palliative care professionals. The group were involved at key stages of the review and contributed to the development of the findings and conduct of the review.
Scientific literature review generation aims to extract and organize important information from an abundant collection of reference papers and produces corresponding reviews while lacking a clear and logical hierarchy. We observe that a high-quality catalogue-guided generation process can effectively alleviate this problem. Therefore, we present an atomic and challenging task named Hierarchical Catalogue Generation for Literature Review as the first step for review generation, which aims to produce a hierarchical catalogue of a review paper given various references. We construct a novel English Hierarchical Catalogues of Literature Reviews Dataset with 7.6k literature review catalogues and 389k reference papers. To accurately assess the model performance, we design two evaluation metrics for informativeness and similarity to ground truth from semantics and structure.Our extensive analyses verify the high quality of our dataset and the effectiveness of our evaluation metrics. We further benchmark diverse experiments on state-of-the-art summarization models like BART and large language models like ChatGPT to evaluate their capabilities. We further discuss potential directions for this task to motivate future research.
Tetsu Kasanishi, Masaru Isonuma, Junichiro Mori
et al.
Automatic literature review generation is one of the most challenging tasks in natural language processing. Although large language models have tackled literature review generation, the absence of large-scale datasets has been a stumbling block to the progress. We release SciReviewGen, consisting of over 10,000 literature reviews and 690,000 papers cited in the reviews. Based on the dataset, we evaluate recent transformer-based summarization models on the literature review generation task, including Fusion-in-Decoder extended for literature review generation. Human evaluation results show that some machine-generated summaries are comparable to human-written reviews, while revealing the challenges of automatic literature review generation such as hallucinations and a lack of detailed information. Our dataset and code are available at https://github.com/tetsu9923/SciReviewGen.
Enrico La Spina, Sebastiano Giallongo, Cesarina Giallongo
et al.
Chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms encompass the BCR-ABL1-negative neoplasms polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). These are characterized by calreticulin (CALR), myeloproliferative leukemia virus proto-oncogene (MPL) and the tyrosine kinase Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) mutations, eventually establishing a hyperinflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME). Several reports have come to describe how constitutive activation of JAK-STAT and NFκB signaling pathways lead to uncontrolled myeloproliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion. In such a highly oxidative TME, the balance between Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) has a crucial role in MPN development. For this reason, we sought to review the current literature concerning the interplay between HSCs and MSCs. The latter have been reported to play an outstanding role in establishing of the typical bone marrow (BM) fibrotic TME as a consequence of the upregulation of different fibrosis-associated genes including PDGF- β upon their exposure to the hyperoxidative TME characterizing MPNs. Therefore, MSCs might turn to be valuable candidates for niche-targeted targeting the synthesis of cytokines and oxidative stress in association with drugs eradicating the hematopoietic clone.
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens
Aurora Ranting Salsabilla, LGLK. Dewi, Ni Putu Eka Mahadewi
Green marketing mix is an important field of study for companies because it provides opportunities for competitive advantage that can influence consumer purchasing decisions. This research aims to determine the effect of green marketing mix on purchasing decisions for Beach Voluntrip product at PT. Gemilang Media Wisatama (Travelxism) partially and simultaneously. This research uses quantitative research methods and data collection techniques including observation, documentation, interviews, questionnaires, and literature study. Data analysis techniques in this research include research instrument tests, classical assumption tests, descriptive statistical analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing. The sampling technique in this research uses probability sampling technique and saturation sampling by distributing questionnaires to domestic tourists aged ? 17 years who had purchased Beach Voluntrip product at Travelxism. The results state that green marketing mix variable has a significant and positive effect on the purchasing decision variable partially and simultaneously. Based on the research results, Travelxism is advised to intensify promotions targeting tourists with an age range of 17-25 years on social media, diversify eco-friendly tourism products and provide competitive prices so they can compete with alternative tourism products and other conventional tourism products.
Norsk fremtidskrigs- og invasjonslitteratur fra årene før 1914 har i liten grad blitt studert og analysert av historikere. Denne artikkelen viser at sjangeren hadde fått et fotfeste i Norge i tiåret før utbruddet av første verdenskrig, og at norske forfattere i stor grad var inspirert av og fulgte europeiske trender innenfor sjangerens utvikling. Artikkelen setter norsk fremtidskrigs- og invasjonslitteratur inn i en større skandinavisk kontekst, og viser at fortellingene kun i unntakstilfeller kan benyttes for å forklare eller analysere noen form for førkrigsstemning eller folkemening i Norge.
The detections of gravitational-wave (GW) signals from compact binary coalescence by ground-based detectors have opened up the era of GW astronomy. These observations provide opportunities to test Einstein's general theory of relativity at the strong-field regime. Here we give a brief overview of the various GW-based tests of General Relativity (GR) performed by the LIGO-Virgo collaboration on the detected GW events to date. After providing details for the tests performed in four categories, we discuss the prospects for each test in the context of future GW detectors. The four categories of tests include the consistency tests, parametrized tests for GW generation and propagation, tests for the merger remnant properties, and GW polarization tests.
Sylvia L. R. Wood, Kyle T. Martins, Véronique Dumais-Lalonde
et al.
Designing effective habitat and protected area networks, which sustain species-rich communities is a critical conservation challenge. Recent decades have witnessed the emergence of new computational methods for analyzing and prioritizing the connectivity needs of multiple species. We argue that the goal of prioritizing habitat for multispecies connectivity should be focused on long-term persistence of a set of species in a landscape or seascape. Here we present a review of the literature based on 77 papers published between 2010 and 2020, in which we assess the current state and recent advances in multispecies connectivity analysis in terrestrial ecosystems. We summarize the four most employed analytical methods, compare their data requirements, and provide an overview of studies comparing results from multiple methods. We explicitly look at approaches for integrating multiple species considerations into reserve design and identify novel approaches being developed to overcome computational and theoretical challenges posed by multispecies connectivity analyses. There is a lack of common metrics for multispecies connectivity. We suggest the index of metapopulation capacity as one metric by which to assess and compare the effectiveness of proposed network designs. We conclude that, while advances have been made over the past decade, the field remains nascent by its ability to integrate multiple species interactions into analytical approaches to connectivity. Furthermore, the field is hampered its ability to provide robust connectivity assessments for lack of a clear definition and goal for multispecies connectivity conservation.
Objective Healthcare provider (HCP) burnout is on the rise with electronic medical record (EMR) use being cited as a factor, particularly with the rise of the COVID-19 pandemic. Burnout in HCPs is associated with negative patient outcomes, and, therefore, it is crucial to understand and address each factor that affects HCP burnout. This study aims to (a) assess the relationship between EMR use and burnout and (b) explore interventions to reduce EMR-related burnout.Methods We searched MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL and SCOPUS on 29 July 2021. We selected all studies in English from any publication year and country that discussed burnout in HCPs (physicians, nurse practitioners and registered nurses) related to EMR use. Studies must have reported a quantitative relationship to be included. Studies that implemented an intervention to address this burnout were also included. All titles and abstracts were screened by two reviewers, and all full-text articles were reviewed by two reviewers. Any conflicts were addressed with a third reviewer and resolved through discussion. Quality of evidence of all included articles was assessed using the Quality Rating Scheme for Studies and Other Evidence.Findings The search identified 563 citations with 416 citations remaining after duplicate removal. A review of abstracts led to 59 studies available for full-text assessment, resulting in 25 studies included in the scoping review. Commonly identified associations between EMR-related burnout in HCPs included: message and alert load, time spent on EMRs, organisational support, EMR functionality and usability and general use of EMRs. Two articles employed team-based interventions to improve burnout symptoms without significant improvement in burnout scores.Conclusions and relevance Current literature supports an association between EMR use and provider burnout. Very limited evidence exists for burnout-reducing interventions that address factors such as time spent on EMRs, organisational support or EMR design.
Technological advancements in education have turned the idea of machines as teachers into a reality. To better understand this phenomenon, the present study explores how college students develop expectations (or anticipations) about a machine teacher, particularly an AI teaching assistant. Specifically, the study examines whether students’ previous experiences with online courses taught by a human teacher would influence their expectations about AI teaching assistants in future online courses. An online survey was conducted to collect data from college students in the United States. Findings indicate that positively experienced social presence of a human teacher helps develop positive expectations about an AI teaching assistant. The study provides meaningful implications and contributions to our understanding of a machine agent in education.
The curved spacetime Maxwell equations are applied to the anisotropically expanding Kasner metrics. Using the application of vector identities we derive 2$^\textrm{nd}$-order differential wave equations for the electromagnetic field components; through this explicit derivation, we find that the 2$^\textrm{nd}$-order wave equations are not uncoupled for the various components (as previously assumed), but that gravitationally-induced coupling between the electric and magnetic field components is generated directly by the anisotropy of the expansion. The lack of such coupling terms in the wave equations from several prior studies may indicate a generally incomplete understanding of the evolution of electromagnetic energy in anisotropic cosmologies. Uncoupling the field components requires the derivation of a 4$^\textrm{th}$-order wave equation, which we obtain for Kasner-like metrics with generalized expansion/contraction rate indices. For the axisymmetric Kasner case, $(p_{1}, p_{2}, p_{3}) = (1,0,0)$, we obtain exact field solutions (for general propagation wavevectors), half of which appear not to have been found before in previous studies. For the other axisymmetric Kasner case, $\{p_{1}, p_{2}, p_{3}\} = \{(-1/3),(2/3),(2/3)\}$, we use numerical methods to demonstrate the explicit violation of the geometric optics approximation at early times, showing the physical phase velocity of the wave to be inhibited towards the initial singularity, with $v \rightarrow 0$ as $t \rightarrow 0$.
The professional ambition of the study is to present the ethnic-emancipatory and national-political initiatives of Michal Miloslav Hodža, one of the representatives of the Slovak national movement in the revolutionary years of 1848-1849, co-creator of the modern literary Slovak language project and author of Matora – the most extensive poetic work of political content in Slovak literature. the study is divided into four relatively separate parts. The first of them follows the educational path of M. M. Hodža to humanism, national-revivalist consciousness and theoretical reflections on issues of a natiological nature. The second part deals with Hodža’s complicated process of looking for a modern form of the Slovak literary language. In the next part, the national-political activities of M. M. Hodža in the revolutionary years of 1848-1849 are analysed. The last part of the study is a political-science interpretation of the literary work Matora which represents the key life balance of M. M. Hodža implemented outside of public policy.
Abstract The issue discussed in this paper is a bi-level problem in which two rivals compete in attracting customers and maximizing their profits which means that competitors competing for market share must compete in the centers that are going to be located in the near future. In this paper, a nonlinear model presented in the literature considering customer preferences is linearized. Customer behavior means that the customer patronizes the most attractive (most comfort) location that he/she wants to be served among the locations of the first-level decision maker (Leader) and the second-level decision maker (Follower). Four types of exact algorithms have been introduced in this paper which include three types of full enumeration procedures and a developed branch-and-bound procedure. Moreover, a clustering-based algorithm has been presented that can provide a good approximation (a good lower bound) to the mentioned binary problem. For this purpose, the numerical results obtained are compared with the results of the full enumeration, heuristic and the branch-and-bound procedure.