Hasil untuk "Languages and literature of Eastern Asia, Africa, Oceania"

Jasril, Asmawati

This study aims to describe multiculturalism as reflected in the novel Mengurai Rindu by Nang Syamsudin. Data was collected using observation, reading, and note-taking techniques and analyzed through content analysis methods with heuristic and hermeneutic reading approaches, interpreted using the sociology of literature theory. The findings reveal that Mengurai Rindu by Nang Syamsuddin is a literary work that: (1) highlights the diversity of society—including ethnicity, culture, and religion; (2) contains multicultural elements such as (a) solidarity and brotherhood, (b) gender equality, (c) family values, and (d) sharing and power control; (3) in addition to promoting multicultural values, it also presents anti-multicultural values, such as prejudice and stereotypes against other groups, particularly in interethnic relations; (4) the emergence of anti-multicultural values is influenced by the desire to preserve the purity of lineage; and (5) diversity as a form of multiculturalism can bring happiness and peace if managed well and if mutual respect for differences is maintained.

A szerkesztőség

Az ELTE BTK Távol-keleti Intézet 2023-as évének krónikája.

Shabrina Adzani Yusra

This study examines how Robert Louis Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde reflects Victorian anxieties surrounding misuse of scientific discoveries. The novels follow Dr. Henry Jekyll, a respected physician who creates a potion to unleash his darker self in the form of the monstrous Edward Hyde. Using a historical-biographical approach and qualitative analysis, this study draws on primary data from novels supported by secondary sources including literary criticism and journal articles. The findings reveal that Stevenson addresses Victorian fears of unchecked scientific progress through Dr. Jekyll’s experiments, the societal reactions to Mr. Hyde and the depiction of Jekyll’s hubris, which ultimately highlight the era’s concerns about the ethical limits of science.

Polo B. Moji

Schiavi, Silvia

Established in 1933 during the Japanese occupation of Taiwan (1895‑1945) and rediscovered only in the 1980s, Le Moulin poetry society marked the beginning of Modernism in Taiwan. Drawing from Nishiwaki Junzaburō’s Surrealist poetry and the Japanese School of the New Sensibilities, the group, led by the poet Yang Chichang 楊熾昌, fostered a new poetic style to depict the solitude of modern life as well as the hardship of colonialism. The paper aims to analyse the emergence of Taiwan Modernism in the 1930s through the rediscovery of Le Moulin’s poetry and the translation of some of Yang Chichang’s most representative poems.

Malgorzata Drwal

In this article, I examine the Garment Workers’ Union’s theatre as a manifestation of transnational working-class culture in the 1940s. Analysing Pageant of Unity (1940), a play in which Afrikaans and English alternate to express the equality of Afrikaans- and English-speaking workers in the face of exploitation, I offer an attempt to escape the confines of a national literature as linked to a single language. I demonstrate how the political pageant—a genre typical of socialist propaganda and international trade unionism—was adapted to a South African context. This drama is, therefore, viewed as a product of cultural mobility between Europe, the United States, and South Africa. Assuming the ‘follow the actor’ approach of Bruno Latour’s Actor-Network Theory, I identify a network of interconnections between the nodes formed by human (drama practitioners and theoreticians, socialist organisers) and nonhuman actors (texts representing socialist drama conventions, in particular agitprop techniques). Tracing the inspirations and adaptations of conventions, I argue that Pageant of Unity most evidently realises the prescriptions outlined by the Russian drama theoretician Vsevolod Meyerhold whose approach influenced Guy Routh, one of the pageant’s creators. Thus, I focus on how this propaganda production utilises certain features of the Soviet avant-garde theatre, which testifies to the transnational character of South African working-class culture.

Steward van Wyk

The intellectual history of Coloured intelligentsia in the middle of the previous century is often characterised by a sharp division between moderates and radicals. The historiography of Coloured people is relatively limited but a few scholars have studied their intellectual formation against the background of historical circumstances, their specific biography and institutional operations. In this article I give a broad overview of the intellectual history and historiography of Coloured intelligentsia. I focus in more detail on the poet and educationist P. J. Philander. He is associated with the moderate grouping and characterised as a political gradualist who favoured steady and incremental changes in the political towards democracy. I argue for further engagement with the ideas and actions of the poet and propose that liberal sentiments in his life and work provide further and important perspectives. This would also explain his disenchantment with the apartheid regime and his consequent decision to emigrate to the United States of America where he pursued a long and illustrious career as an educator at a Quaker School in New York. I analyse two texts with an autobiographical purview to indicate these strands of liberal influence and thought.

Y. V. Leksyutina

Since 2014, both China and Japan have been pursuing a policy of normalization of their bilateral relations, which worsened after the Japanese government’s decision in 2012 to nationalize three out of the five disputed Senkaku islands. There are a number of factors, at times contradicting each other, that shape Japan’s contemporary policy towards China: from deep interest in intensification of trade and economic cooperation with China and in ensuring regional security, concerns over US President Donald Trump’s actions and hence over the sustainability of US-Japan close partnership and alliance, to the challenge of rising China. A specific feature of Japan’s policy towards China is that, due to deep contradictions between the two countries, Tokyo views the rise of China not as bringing opportunities, but instead as a serious challenge or a potential threat. The strengthening of China’s economic and especially military power - along with North Korea’s missile and nuclear program - is seen in Tokyo as the deepest security concern. As China’s comprehensive national power strengthens, China’s foreign policy behavior becomes more assertive, foreign policy and foreign trade activities intensify, Japan’s challenge of rising China attains new dimensions. During the past several years, Tokyo has been facing a need to find an appropriate response to China’s Belt and Road Initiative, to the establishment of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), and to China’s intensified economic and military activities in the East China and South China Seas. This article demonstrates how the Abe Shinzo Cabinet meets the challenge of rising China under the conditions of Japan’s policy to normalize relations with its strong neighbor. Specifically, the article identifies and characterizes the Abe Cabinet’s measures to hedge the risks connected to China’s Belt and Road Initiative and China’s assertiveness in the East China and South China Seas.

Marisa Keuris

No abstract available.

Kotzé, Herculene

After South Africa’s transition to democracy in 1994, there was an expectation that problems related to translation services would receive more attention, especially given the fact that 11 languages received official status after 1994 (Lubbe 2002:78). In addition, the call to transform and decolonize South Africa has led to widespread discussion regarding which steps need to be taken to strengthen the African perspective in higher education. Kotzé and Wallmach (forthcoming) offer an in-depth look at research trends on interpreting in South Africa for the period 2006 to 2016. They highlight that, in order to transform South African interpreting studies, it is essential to know what has already been researched and, going forward, what we can learn from publication trends on interpreting. By using a systematic literature review (Fink 2005), this bibliometric study investigates the trends of interpreting research done in South Africa, from the first publication found in 1968, through to 2017. The findings from this study will be of value to current and future interpreting researchers in that they will highlight current trends and shortcomings in South African interpreting research, and contribute to understanding and solving issues of transformation within this specific field.

Tatiana Szurlej

From Heroic Durga to the Next Victim of an Oppressive Patriarchal Indian Culture: Too Many Variants of Phoolan Devi’s Biography Phoolan Devi (10.08.1963–25.07.2001), the famous Bandit Queen still appears in stories about famous Indian women. However, while in India, mainly among poor villagers, she is usually described as a heroic defender of the poorest, in the West Phoolan is seen primarily as another victim of Indian patriarchal culture. Moreover, although most of books about Phoolan are based on interviews with her, every version of her biography differs from one another, which raises the question whether these differences are the consequence of a conscious manipulation of a person who tries to justify certain dark aspects of her life, since the famous dacoit owes her fame to her bloody act of revenge on Thakurs in the Behmai village, which was the biggest crime committed by bandits in India until then. The most popular story about Phoolan’s life is the film Bandit Queen made in 1994 by Shekhar Kapur, based on the book India’s Bandit Queen. The True Story of Phoolan Devi by Mala Sen, who is also the author of the screenplay. The autobiography of Phoolan Devi, who tried to stop the release of the Bandit Queen, claiming that it shows a false story, was written in response to those two works. By constructing her image in the autobiography, Phoolan Devi tries to appear as a very strong woman who could achieve a lot, in spite of adverse conditions. Yet it is hard to resist the impression that the autobiography of Phoolan Devi, despite of its very realistic elements, is to some extent a false testimony. The question remains whether it was the publisher, who decided to construct the story this way to satisfy the tastes of the Western readers and respond to their needs, just like the movie of Shekhar Kapur, or maybe Phoolan, deliberately or unknowingly, presented herself as a victim in search of sympathy after the massacre in Behmai.

D.J. Prinsloo, Theo J.D. Bothma, Ulrich Heid et al.

This article introduces a prototype of a writing (and learning) assistant for verbal relative clauses of the African language Sepedi, accessible from within a dictionary or from a word processor. It is an example of how a user support tool for complicated grammatical structures in a scarcely resourced language can be compiled. We describe a dynamic light-weight tool aimed at combining user-knowledge with text production support, i.e., user-involved interactive text production of the complicated verbal relative in Sepedi. In this article, the focus is on access in a dictionary use situation. Although the tool is intended as a writing assistant to support users in text production; it also satisfies text reception and cognitive needs, but its focus is on solving text production issues related with the interaction between lexical items and complex grammatical structures in the African (Bantu) languages and for learning by users and/or training users in this interaction.

Kōichi KIKU, Katrin Jumiko LEITNER

Hein Viljoen

Geen abstrak beskikbaar.

William Lamb

Akademischer Arbeitskreis Japan AAJ

Maria Smit

This study investigates the role of collocations in dictionary use, and the extent to which users' needs are taken into account in the process of dictionary writing. Steinbügl decided to concentrate on bilingual dictionaries, because this type of dictionary is relatively less well explored in metalexicographical literature. German-English examples are analysed and evaluated. Instead of selecting examples randomly, she uses a comparative corpus of 200 collocations she put together herself in accordance with scientific reasons explained in detail. She questions the selection of collocations from existing corpora for her purposes, because these corpora are based on competing collocational theories. In order to come to meaningful conclusions, she prefers to delineate her own research approach, also however investigating the structures of bilingual dictionaries and dictionary articles, as well as situations of dictionary use.

Gilles-Maurice de Schryver

<p>Abstract: The ideophone, a word class not unique to but highly characteristic of the Bantu languages, presents particular challenges in both monolingual and bilingual lexicography. Not only is this part of speech without a counterpart in most other languages, the meaning of ideophones is highly elusive. In this research article these challenges are studied by means of an analysis of the treatment of ideophones in a corpus-driven Zulu–English school dictionary project.</p><p>Keywords: LEXICOGRAPHY, DICTIONARY, BILINGUAL, CORPUS, FREQUENCY, BANTU, ZULU (ISIZULU), ENGLISH, IDEOPHONE, SEMANTIC IMPORT, PARAPHRASE, PART-OF-SPEECH MISMATCH</p><p>Samenvatting: De lexicografische behandeling van ideofonen in Zoeloe. De ideofoon, een woordklasse die niet uniek maar wel heel karakteristiek is voor de Bantoetalen, is een echte uitdaging in zowel de monolinguale als bilinguale lexicografie. Niet enkel heeft deze woordklasse geen equivalent in de meeste andere talen, de betekenis van ideofonen is heel moeilijk vast te leggen. In dit onderzoeksartikel worden deze uitdagingen onderzocht aan de hand van een analyse van de behandeling van ideofonen in een corpus-gedreven Zoeloe–Engels schoolwoorden-boekproject.</p><p>Sleutelwoorden: LEXICOGRAFIE, WOORDENBOEK, TWEETALIG, CORPUS, FRE-QUENTIE, BANTOE, ZOELOE, ENGELS, IDEOFOON, SEMANTISCHE LADING, PARAFRASE, VLOEKENDE WOORDKLASSEN</p>

Katarzyna Neumann-Czarnecka

This article is an extended version of a seminar paper which was presented in the Department of Nigerian and African Languages, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria in July 1985. Here I make use of the materials taken into account in my MA thesis), as well as of the materials collected during my 8 months stay in Nigeria. The direction and final shape of the present paper are due to the interesting and stimulating discussions which I had with the local specialists in Hausa literature, especially with Dalhatu Muhammad and Dr Abubakar AdamuKafin Hausa of the Department of Nigerian and African Languages.

B. van der Westhuizen

Simon Vestdijk is one of the most prominent figures in the literary awareness of the Netherlands. From an intertextual study between De toekomst der religie (The Future of Religion) and De koperen tuin (The Copper Garden) it emerges that the postulated view of reality is transposed in narrative form in the text-internal vision of reality in the novel. This transformation is concretized and manifested in visible terms in the character portrayal, especially with regard to music as the passion to which the main character dedicates himself. The many references to music in the novel gradually gain importance as a motif that becomes a symbol of different kinds of love. In the course of the narrative, and especially towards the end of it, there is a substitution of religious value contents in the main character who is led to humanistic love through music, so that this process of transvaluation of religion (in the wider sense of the word) becomes the main emphasis of the discourse of the novel, albeit in veiled form.